d10q.htm



 
 
  
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
 
______________________
 
FORM 10-Q
 
______________________
 
(Mark One)
x
Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2009
 OR

¨
Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
For the transition period from              to             
 
Commission File Number 1-6028
 
______________________
 
LINCOLN NATIONAL CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
______________________
 
   
                Indiana                
        35-1140070        
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
   
150 N. Radnor Chester Road, Radnor, Pennsylvania
    19087    
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
 
(484) 583-1400
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report.)
 
______________________
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).   Yes x No  ¨
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.  (Check one):

Large accelerated filer x  Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes ¨ No  x
 
As of August 3, 2009, there were 302,093,890 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

 

 

 


 
 

 

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.  Financial Statements
LINCOLN NATIONAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions, except share data)


   
As of
   
As of
 
   
June 30,
   
December 31,
 
   
2009
   
2008
 
   
(Unaudited)
       
ASSETS
           
Investments:
           
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value:
           
Fixed maturity (amortized cost: 2009 - $58,567; 2008 - $54,381)
  $ 55,050     $ 48,141  
Equity (cost: 2009 - $400; 2008 - $428)
    236       254  
Trading securities
    2,317       2,333  
Mortgage loans on real estate
    7,468       7,715  
Real estate
    159       125  
Policy loans
    2,897       2,921  
Derivative investments
    1,234       3,397  
Other investments
    1,187       1,624  
Total investments
    70,548       66,510  
Cash and invested cash
    2,539       5,754  
Deferred acquisition costs and value of business acquired
    10,456       11,402  
Premiums and fees receivable
    429       481  
Accrued investment income
    881       814  
Reinsurance recoverables
    7,729       8,396  
Reinsurance related derivative assets
    46       31  
Goodwill
    3,344       3,944  
Other assets
    9,982       10,149  
Separate account assets
    61,091       55,655  
Total assets
  $ 167,045     $ 163,136  
                 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
               
Liabilities
               
Future contract benefits
  $ 16,128     $ 18,431  
Other contract holder funds
    62,427       60,570  
Short-term debt
    455       815  
Long-term debt
    4,775       4,731  
Funds withheld reinsurance liabilities
    1,222       2,042  
Deferred gain on business sold through reinsurance
    529       619  
Payables for collateral under securities loaned and derivatives
    1,712       3,706  
Other liabilities
    9,631       8,590  
Separate account liabilities
    61,091       55,655  
Total liabilities
    157,970       155,159  
                 
Contingencies and Commitments (See Note 11)
               
                 
Stockholders' Equity
               
Series A preferred stock - 10,000,000 shares authorized
    -       -  
Common stock - 800,000,000 shares authorized; 302,093,017 and 255,869,859 shares
               
 issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2009, and December 31, 2008, respectively
    7,681       7,035  
Retained earnings
    3,101       3,745  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
    (1,707 )     (2,803 )
Total stockholders' equity
    9,075       7,977  
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
  $ 167,045     $ 163,136  

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
1

 

LINCOLN NATIONAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (LOSS)
(in millions, except per share data)


   
For the Three
   
For the Six
 
   
Months Ended
   
Months Ended
 
   
June 30,
   
June 30,
 
   
2009
   
2008
   
2009
   
2008
 
   
(Unaudited)
             
Revenues
                       
Insurance premiums
  $ 542     $ 503     $ 1,050     $ 993  
Insurance fees
    689       792       1,393       1,560  
Investment advisory fees
    48       76       92       152  
Net investment income
    971       1,057       1,984       2,102  
Realized loss:
                               
Total other-than-temporary impairment losses on securities
    (221 )     (100 )     (431 )     (158 )
Portion of loss recognized in other comprehensive income
    103       -       192       -  
Net other-than-temporary impairment losses on securities
                               
recognized in earnings
    (118 )     (100 )     (239 )     (158 )
Realized gain (loss), excluding other-than-temporary
                               
impairment losses on securities
    (323 )     -       (392 )     23  
Total realized loss
    (441 )     (100 )     (631 )     (135 )
Amortization of deferred gain on business sold through reinsurance
    18       19       37       38  
Other revenues and fees
    125       146       227       291  
Total revenues
    1,952       2,493       4,152       5,001  
Benefits and Expenses
                               
Interest credited
    599       613       1,226       1,224  
Benefits
    583       655       1,504       1,304  
Underwriting, acquisition, insurance and other expenses
    752       805       1,458       1,577  
Interest and debt expense
    61       65       61       140  
Impairment of intangibles
    (1 )     175       602       175  
Total benefits and expenses
    1,994       2,313       4,851       4,420  
Income (loss) from continuing operations before taxes
    (42 )     180       (699 )     581  
Federal income tax expense (benefit)
    (41 )     68       (114 )     187  
Income (loss) from continuing operations
    (1 )     112       (585 )     394  
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of federal
                               
income taxes
    (160 )     13       (155 )     20  
Net income (loss)
  $ (161 )   $ 125     $ (740 )   $ 414  
                                 
Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share - Basic
                               
Income (loss) from continuing operations
  $ -     $ 0.43     $ (2.27 )   $ 1.51  
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
    (0.62 )     0.05       (0.60 )     0.08  
Net income (loss)
  $ (0.62 )   $ 0.48     $ (2.87 )   $ 1.59  
                                 
Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share - Diluted
                               
Income (loss) from continuing operations
  $ -     $ 0.43     $ (2.27 )   $ 1.50  
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
    (0.62 )     0.05       (0.60 )     0.08  
Net income (loss)
  $ (0.62 )   $ 0.48     $ (2.87 )   $ 1.58  

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
2

 

LINCOLN NATIONAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in millions, except per share data)


   
For the Six
 
   
Months Ended
 
   
June 30,
 
   
2009
   
2008
 
   
(Unaudited)
 
Common Stock
           
Balance as of beginning-of-year
  $ 7,035     $ 7,200  
Issuance of common stock
    652       -  
Stock compensation/issued for benefit plans
    (9 )     41  
Deferred compensation payable in stock
    3       3  
Retirement of common stock/cancellation of shares
    -       (221 )
Balance as of end-of-period
    7,681       7,023  
                 
Retained Earnings
               
Balance as of beginning-of-year
    3,745       4,293  
Cumulative effect of adoption of EITF 06-10
    -       (4 )
Cumulative effect of adoption of FSP 115-2
    102       -  
Comprehensive income (loss)
    458       (619 )
Less other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
    1,198       (1,033 )
Net income (loss)
    (740 )     414  
Retirement of common stock
    -       (205 )
Dividends declared: Common (2009 - $0.02; 2008 - $0.83)
    (6 )     (215 )
Balance as of end-of-period
    3,101       4,283  
Net Unrealized Loss on Available-for-Sale Securities
               
Balance as of beginning-of-year
    (2,654 )     86  
Cumulative effect of adoption of FSP 115-2
    (84 )     -  
Change during the period
    1,289       (1,025 )
Balance as of end-of-period
    (1,449 )     (939 )
Unrealized Other-Than-Temporary Impairment on Available-for-Sale Securities
               
Balance as of beginning-of-year
    -       -  
Cumulative effect of adoption of FSP 115-2
    (18 )     -  
Change during the period
    (100 )     -  
Balance as of end-of-period
    (118 )     -  
Net Unrealized Gain on Derivative Instruments
               
Balance as of beginning-of-year
    127       53  
Change during the period
    (73 )     (12 )
Balance as of end-of-period
    54       41  
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment
               
Balance as of beginning-of-year
    6       175  
Change during the period
    86       2  
Balance as of end-of-period
    92       177  
Funded Status of Employee Benefit Plans
               
Balance as of beginning-of-year
    (282 )     (89 )
Change during the period
     (4 )     2  
Balance as of end-of-period
    (286 )     (87 )
Total stockholders' equity as of end-of-period
  $ 9,075     $ 10,498  

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
3

 

LINCOLN NATIONAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in millions)

   
For the Six
 
   
Months Ended
 
   
June 30,
 
   
2009
   
2008
 
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
 
(Unaudited)
 
Net income (loss)
  $ (740 )   $ 414  
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
               
Deferred acquisition costs, value of business acquired, deferred sales inducements
               
and deferred front end loads deferrals and interest, net of amortization
    (160 )     (454 )
Trading securities purchases, sales and maturities, net
    35       96  
Change in premiums and fees receivable
    129       71  
Change in accrued investment income
    (67 )     (33 )
Change in future contract benefits
    (462 )     291  
Change in other contract holder funds
    213       183  
Change in funds withheld reinsurance liability and reinsurance recoverables
    89       (31 )
Change in federal income tax accruals
    110       (230 )
Realized loss
    631       135  
Loss on disposal of discontinued operations
    237       12  
Impairment of intangibles
    602       175  
Amortization of deferred gain on business sold through reinsurance
    (37 )     (38 )
Stock-based compensation expense
    14       19  
Other
    (147 )     (159 )
Net cash provided by operating activities
    447       451  
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
               
Purchases of available-for-sale securities
    (7,661 )     (3,615 )
Sales of available-for-sale securities
    2,078       1,014  
Maturities of available-for-sale securities
    1,619       1,924  
Purchases of other investments
    (2,564 )     (1,213 )
Sales or maturities of other investments
    2,942       914  
Increase (decrease) in payables for collateral under securities loaned and derivatives
    (1,994 )     355  
Proceeds from sale of subsidiaries/businesses and disposal of discontinued operations
    4       644  
Other
    (28 )     (53 )
Net cash used in investing activities
    (5,604 )     (30 )
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
               
Payment of long-term debt, including current maturities
    (522 )     (100 )
Issuance of long-term debt
    495       -  
Decrease in commercial paper, net
    (112 )     (65 )
Deposits of fixed account values, including the fixed portion of variable
    5,795       4,913  
Withdrawals of fixed account values, including the fixed portion of variable
    (3,285 )     (2,787 )
Transfers to and from separate accounts, net
    (1,028 )     (1,233 )
Payment of funding agreements
    -       (300 )
Issuance of common stock
    652       -  
Common stock issued for benefit plans and excess tax benefits
    (20 )     25  
Repurchase of common stock
    -       (401 )
Dividends paid to stockholders
    (56 )     (217 )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
    1,919       (165 )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and invested cash, including discontinued operations
    (3,238 )     256  
Cash and invested cash, including discontinued operations, as of beginning-of-year
    5,926       1,665  
Cash and invested cash, including discontinued operations, as of end-of-period
  $ 2,688     $ 1,921  

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
4

 

LINCOLN NATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

1.  Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation

Nature of Operations

Lincoln National Corporation and its majority-owned subsidiaries (“LNC” or the “Company,” which also may be referred to as “we,” “our” or “us”) operate multiple insurance and investment management businesses through five business segments, see Note 17.  The collective group of businesses uses “Lincoln Financial Group” as its marketing identity.  Through our business segments, we sell a wide range of wealth protection, accumulation and retirement income products.  These products include institutional and/or retail fixed and indexed annuities, variable annuities, universal life (“UL”) insurance, variable universal life (“VUL”) insurance, term life insurance, mutual funds and managed accounts.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with United States of America generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions for the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including Article 10 of Regulation S-X.  Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements.  Therefore, the information contained in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 (“2008 Form 10-K”) should be read in connection with the reading of these interim unaudited consolidated financial statements.

In the opinion of management, these statements include all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s results.  Operating results for the six month period ended June 30, 2009, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2009.  All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

We have evaluated our subsequent events through the time of filing this Form 10-Q with the SEC, on August 7, 2009.  For details of our subsequent events see Note 19.

Certain amounts reported in prior periods’ consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the presentation adopted in the current year.  These reclassifications have no effect on net income or stockholders’ equity of the prior periods.

2.   New Accounting Standards

Adoption of New Accounting Standards

Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 141(R) – Business Combinations

In December 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 141(revised 2007), “Business Combinations” (“SFAS 141(R)”), which is a revision of SFAS No. 141 “Business Combinations” (“SFAS 141”).  SFAS 141(R) retains the fundamental requirements of SFAS 141, but establishes principles and requirements for the acquirer in a business combination to recognize and measure the identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interests in the acquiree and the goodwill acquired or the gain from a bargain purchase.  For a more detailed description of SFAS 141(R), see Note 2 of our 2008 Form 10-K.  We adopted SFAS 141(R) for acquisitions occurring after January 1, 2009.  The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.


 
5

 

In April 2009, the FASB amended the guidance in SFAS 141(R) related to the recognition and measurement of contingencies acquired in a business combination by issuing FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) No. FAS 141(R)-1, “Accounting for Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed in a Business Combination That Arise From Contingencies” (“FSP 141(R)-1”).  FSP 141(R)-1 clarifies that contingent assets acquired and liabilities assumed (jointly referred to as “pre-acquisition contingencies”) in a business combination are measured at the acquisition-date fair value only if fair value can be determined during the measurement period.  If the fair value cannot be determined during the measurement period, but information is available at the end of the measurement period indicating the pre-acquisition contingency is both probable and can be reasonably estimated, then the pre-acquisition contingency is recognized at the acquisition date based on the estimated amount.  Subsequent to the acquisition date, the measurement of pre-acquisition contingencies is dependent on the nature of the contingency.  We adopted FSP 141(R)-1 for acquisitions occurring after January 1, 2009.  The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

SFAS No. 160 – Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements an Amendment of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements - an amendment of Accounting Research Bulletin (“ARB”) No. 51” (“SFAS 160”), which establishes accounting and reporting standards surrounding noncontrolling interests, or minority interests, which are the portions of equity in a subsidiary not attributable, directly or indirectly, to a parent.  For a more detailed description of SFAS 160, see Note 2 of our 2008 Form 10-K. We adopted SFAS 160 effective January 1, 2009.  The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial condition and results of operations.

FSP No. FAS 140-3 – Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets and Repurchase Financing Transactions

In February 2008, the FASB issued FSP No. FAS 140-3, “Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets and Repurchase Financing Transactions” (“FSP 140-3”), regarding the criteria for a repurchase financing to be considered a linked transaction under SFAS No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities – a replacement of FASB Statement No. 125.”  For a more detailed description of FSP 140-3, see Note 2 of our 2008 Form 10-K.  We adopted FSP 140-3 effective January 1, 2009, and applied the guidance prospectively to initial transfers and repurchase financings executed after that date.  The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial condition and results of operations.

FSP No. FAS 157-2 – Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157

In February 2008, the FASB issued FSP No. FAS 157-2, “Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157” (“FSP 157-2”).  FSP 157-2 delayed the effective date of SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS 157”), for nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually).

We applied the provisions of SFAS 157 to nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities beginning on January 1, 2009.  The application did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial condition and results of operations.

SFAS No. 161 – Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities – an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 133

In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities – an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133” (“SFAS 161”), which amends and expands the qualitative and quantitative disclosure requirements for derivative instruments and hedging activities.  For a more detailed description of the new disclosure requirements, see Note 2 of our 2008 Form 10-K.  The amended and expanded disclosure requirements apply to all derivative instruments within the scope of SFAS 133, nonderivative hedging instruments and all hedged items designated and qualifying as hedges under SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” (“SFAS 133”).  We adopted SFAS 161 effective January 1, 2009, and have prospectively included the enhanced disclosures related to derivative instruments and hedging activities in our financial statements in Note 6.

FSP No. FAS 142-3 – Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets

In April 2008, the FASB issued FSP No. FAS 142-3, “Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets” (“FSP 142-3”), which applies to recognized intangible assets accounted for under the guidance in SFAS 142.  For a more detailed description of FSP 142-3, see Note 2 of our 2008 Form 10-K.  We adopted FSP 142-3 effective January 1, 2009, and applied the guidance prospectively to recognized intangible assets acquired after the effective date and applied the disclosure requirements to all intangible assets recognized as of, and subsequent to, the effective date.  The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial condition and results of operations.


 
6

 

SFAS No. 163 – Accounting for Financial Guarantee Insurance Contracts – an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 60

In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 163, “Accounting for Financial Guarantee Insurance Contracts – an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 60” (“SFAS 163”), which applies to financial guarantee insurance and reinsurance contracts not accounted for as derivative instruments, and issued by entities within the scope of SFAS No. 60, “Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises.”  For a more detailed description of SFAS 163, see Note 2 of our 2008 Form 10-K.  We do not hold a significant amount of financial guarantee insurance and reinsurance contracts, and as such, the adoption of SFAS 163 on January 1, 2009 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial condition and results of operations.

Emerging Issues Task Force No. 07-5 – Determining Whether an Instrument (or Embedded Feature) is Indexed to an Entity’s Own Stock

In June 2008, the FASB issued Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) No. 07-5, “Determining Whether an Instrument (or Embedded Feature) is Indexed to an Entity’s Own Stock” (“EITF 07-5”).  EITF 07-5 provides a two-step process to determine whether an equity-linked instrument (or embedded feature) is indexed to an entity’s own stock first by evaluating the instrument’s contingent exercise provisions, if any, and second, by evaluating the instrument’s settlement provisions.  We adopted EITF 07-5 on January 1, 2009, for all outstanding instruments as of that date.  The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial condition and results of operations.

EITF No. 08-6 – Equity Method Investment Accounting Considerations

In November 2008, the FASB issued EITF No. 08-6, “Equity Method Investment Accounting Considerations” (“EITF 08-6”), which addresses the effect of SFAS 141(R) and SFAS 160 on equity-method accounting under Accounting Principles Board Opinion 18, “The Equity Method of Accounting for Investments in Common Stock.”  For a more detailed description of EITF 08-6, see Note 2 of our 2008 form 10-K.  We adopted EITF 08-6 on January 1, 2009, prospectively for all investments accounted for under the equity method.  The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial condition and results of operations.

FSP No. FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2 – Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments

In April 2009, the FASB issued FSP No. FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2, “Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments” (“FSP 115-2”), which replaces the requirement in FSP No. FAS 115-1 and FAS 124-1, “The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments” for management to assert that it has the intent and ability to hold an impaired debt security until recovery with the requirement that management assert if it either has the intent to sell the debt security or if it is more likely than not the entity will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of its amortized cost basis.  If management intends to sell the debt security or it is more likely than not the entity will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, an other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) shall be recognized in earnings equal to the entire difference between the debt security’s amortized cost basis and its fair value at the balance sheet date.  After the recognition of an OTTI, the debt security is accounted for as if it had been purchased on the measurement date of the OTTI, with an amortized cost basis equal to the previous amortized cost basis less the OTTI recognized in earnings.

If management does not intend to sell the debt security and it is not more likely than not the entity will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, but the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis of the debt security (referred to as the credit loss), an OTTI is considered to have occurred.  In this instance, FSP 115-2 requires the bifurcation of the total OTTI into the amount related to the credit loss, which is recognized in earnings, with the remaining amount of the total OTTI attributed to other factors (referred to as the noncredit portion) and recognized as a separate component in other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”).  After the recognition of an OTTI, the debt security is accounted for as if it had been purchased on the measurement date of the OTTI, with an amortized cost basis equal to the previous amortized cost basis less the OTTI recognized in earnings.  In addition, FSP 115-2 expands and increases the frequency of existing disclosures about OTTIs for debt and equity securities regarding expected cash flows, credit losses and an aging of securities with unrealized losses.


 
7

 

As permitted by the transition guidance, we elected to early adopt FSP 115-2 effective January 1, 2009, by recording an increase of $102 million to the opening balance of retained earnings with a corresponding decrease to accumulated OCI on our Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity to reclassify the noncredit portion of previously other-than-temporarily impaired debt securities held as of January 1, 2009.  The following summarizes the components (in millions) for this cumulative effect adjustment:
 
   
Unrealized
   
 Net
       
   
OTTI
   
Unrealized
       
   
on
   
Loss
       
   
AFS
   
on AFS
       
   
Securities
   
Securities
   
Total
 
Increase in amortized cost of fixed maturity available-for-sale ("AFS") securities
  $ 34     $ 165     $ 199  
Change in DAC, VOBA, DSI, and DFEL
    (7 )     (35 )     (42 )
Income tax
    (9 )     (46 )     (55 )
Net cumulative effect adjustment
  $ 18     $ 84     $ 102  

The cumulative effect adjustment was calculated for all debt securities held as of January 1, 2009, for which an OTTI was previously recognized, but as of January 1, 2009, we did not intend to sell the security and it was not more likely than not that we would be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost, by comparing the present value of cash flows expected to be received as of January 1, 2009, to the amortized cost basis of the debt securities.  The discount rate used to calculate the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected was the rate for each respective debt security in effect before recognizing any OTTI.  In addition, because the carrying amounts of DAC, VOBA, DSI and DFEL are adjusted for the effects of realized and unrealized gains and losses on fixed maturity AFS securities, we recognized a true-up to our DAC, VOBA, DSI and DFEL balances for this cumulative effect adjustment.

The following summarizes the increase to the amortized cost of our fixed maturity AFS securities (in millions) as of January 1, 2009, resulting from the recognition of the cumulative effect adjustment:
 
Corporate bonds
  $ 131  
Residential collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs")
    65  
Collateralized debt obligations ("CDOs")
    3  
Total fixed maturity AFS securities
  $ 199  
 
The impact to the three and six months ended June 30, 2009 for the adoption of FSP 115-2 to basic and diluted per share amounts was an increase of $0.40 and $0.74 per share, respectively.

In addition, we have enhanced our financial statement presentation as required under FSP 115-2, to separately present the OTTI recognized in accumulated OCI on the face of our Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity and present the total OTTI recognized in realized loss, with an offset for the amount of noncredit impairments recognized in accumulated OCI, on the face of our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).  The enhanced financial statement disclosures required under FSP 115-2 are included in Note 5.

FSP No. FAS 157-4 – Determining Fair Value When the Volume and Level of Activity for the Asset or Liability Have Significantly Decreased and Identifying Transactions That Are Not Orderly

In April 2009, the FASB issued FSP No. FAS 157-4, “Determining Fair Value When the Volume and Level of Activity for the Asset or Liability Have Significantly Decreased and Identifying Transactions That Are Not Orderly” (“FSP 157-4”), which amends SFAS 157 to provide additional guidance on estimating fair value when the volume and level of activity for an asset or liability have significantly decreased in relation to normal market activity for the asset or liability and additional guidance on circumstances that may indicate that a transaction is not orderly.  FSP 157-4 provides an illustrative example of key considerations when applying the principles in SFAS 157 in estimating fair value in nonactive markets when there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset.  FSP 157-4 also requires additional disclosures about fair value measurements in annual and interim reporting periods.  Any changes in valuation techniques resulting from the adoption of FSP 157-4 are accounted for as a change in accounting estimate in accordance with SFAS No. 154, “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections.”  As permitted under the transition guidance, we elected to early adopt FSP 157-4 effective January 1, 2009.  The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.


 
8

 

FSP No. FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1 – Interim Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments

In April 2009, the FASB issued FSP No. FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1, “Interim Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments” (“FSP 107-1”), which extends the disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 107, “Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments,” to interim financial statements.  FSP 107-1 also requires entities to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments in the financial statements on an interim basis and to highlight any changes of the method(s) and significant assumptions from prior periods. We adopted FSP 107-1 as of June 30, 2009 and have included the enhanced disclosures related to the fair value of financial instruments in our financial statements and in Note 16.

SFAS No. 165 – Subsequent Events

In May 2009, the FASB issued SFAS No. 165, “Subsequent Events” (SFAS 165”), which establishes standards of accounting for the disclosure of events that take place after the balance sheet date, but before the financial statements are issued.  SFAS 165 requires the recognition in the financial statements of the effect of all subsequent events that provide information about conditions that existed as of the balance sheet date.  For those events that did not exist as of the balance sheet date, but arose after the balance sheet date and before the financial statements are issued, recognition is not required, but depending on the nature of the unrecognized subsequent event, disclosure of the event may be required in order to keep the financial statements from being misleading.  SFAS 165 requires disclosure in the financial statements of the date through which subsequent events have been evaluated.  We adopted the provisions of SFAS 165, prospectively, as of the interim reporting period ending June 30, 2009 and have include the enhanced disclosures in Note 1 and Note 19.  The adoption of SFAS 165 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

Future Adoption of New Accounting Standards

FSP No. FAS 132(R)-1 – Employers’ Disclosures about Postretirement Benefit Plan Assets

In December 2008, the FASB issued FSP No. FAS 132(R)-1, “Employers’ Disclosures about Postretirement Benefit Plan Assets” (“FSP 132(R)-1”), which requires enhanced disclosures of the plan assets of an employer’s defined benefit pension or other postretirement benefit plans.  The disclosures required under FSP 132(R)-1 will include information regarding the investment allocation decisions made for plan assets, the fair value of each major category of plan assets disclosed separately for pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans and the inputs and valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of plan assets, including the level within the fair value hierarchy as defined by SFAS 157.  FSP 132(R)-1 requires the additional disclosure in SFAS 157 for Level 3 fair value measurements must also be provided for the fair value measurements of plan assets using Level 3 inputs.  The disclosures in FSP 132(R)-1 are effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2009, and are not required for earlier periods presented for comparative purposes.  We will include the disclosures required in FSP 132(R)-1 in the notes to our consolidated financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2009.

SFAS No. 166 – Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets – an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140

In June 2009, the FASB issued SFAS No. 166, “Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets – an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140” (“SFAS 166”), which, among other things, eliminates the concept of a qualifying special-purpose entity and removes the scope exception for a qualifying special-purposes entity (“SPE”) from the consolidation guidance in FIN 46 (revised December 2003), “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities” (“FIN 46(R)”)  As a result, previously unconsolidated qualifying SPEs must be re-evaluated for consolidation by the sponsor or transferor.  In addition, SFAS 166 amends the accounting guidance related to transfers of financial assets in order to address practice issues that have been highlighted by the events of the recent economic decline.  SFAS 166 is effective as of the beginning of the annual reporting period that begins after November 15, 2009.  The recognition and measurement provisions of SFAS 166 will be applied to transfers that occur on or after the effective date, and all qualifying SPEs that exist on an after the effective date must be evaluated for consolidation.  We will adopt the provisions of SFAS 166 effective January 1, 2010 and are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption on our consolidated financial condition and results of operations.


 
9

 

SFAS No. 167 – Amendments to FASB Interpretation No. 46(R)

In June 2009, the FASB issued SFAS No. 167, “Amendments to FASB Interpretation No. 46(R)” (“SFAS 167”), which amends the consolidation guidance related to variable interest entities (“VIE”) in FIN 46(R) to require entities to perform an analysis of their variable interests to determine if a controlling financial interest exists in the VIE.  SFAS 167 eliminates the quantitative analysis currently used in FIN 46(R) to determine the primary beneficiary, and introduces a qualitative approach that is focused on identifying the variable interest that has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the performance of the VIE, and absorb losses or receive returns that could potentially be significant to the VIE.  In addition, SFAS 167 will require an ongoing reassessment of the primary beneficiary of the VIE, which may impact the entity required to consolidate the VIE.  SFAS 167 will be effective as of the beginning of the annual reporting period that begins after November 15, 2009, and requires that on the effective date all VIEs in which an entity has a variable interest be reconsidered for consolidation based on the amended guidance in SFAS 167.  We will adopt the provisions of SFAS 167 effective January 1, 2010 and are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption on our consolidated financial condition and results of operations.

SFAS No. 168 – The FASB Accounting Standards CodificationTM and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles – a replacement of FASB Standard No. 162

In June 2009, the FASB issued SFAS No. 168, “The FASB Accounting Standards CodificationTM and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles – a replacement of FASB Standard No. 162” (“SFAS 168”), which will become the single source of authoritative GAAP recognized by the FASB.  SFAS 168 does not change current GAAP, but on the effective date, the FASB Accounting Standards CodificationTM (“Codification”) will supersede all then existing non-SEC accounting and reporting standards.  Once the Codification is in effect all of its contents will carry the same level of authority.  SFAS 168 is effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009.  We will adopt SFAS 168 as of September 30, 2009 and will revise our referencing of GAAP accounting standards in our financial statements to reflect the new Codification.

3.  Acquisitions and Dispositions

Acquisitions

Newton County Loan & Savings, FSB (“NCLS”)

On January 8, 2009, the Office of Thrift Supervision approved our application to become a savings and loan holding company and our acquisition of NCLS, a federally regulated savings bank, located in Indiana.  We agreed to contribute $10 million to the capital of NCLS.  We closed on our purchase of NCLS on January 15, 2009, which did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

Dispositions

Discontinued U.K. Operations

On June 15, 2009, we entered into a share purchase agreement (“SPA”) with SLF of Canada UK Limited (“SLF”) and Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada (“Sun Life”), as the guarantor, pursuant to which we agreed to sell to SLF all of the outstanding capital stock of Lincoln National (UK) plc (“Lincoln UK”), our subsidiary, which is focused primarily on providing life and retirement income products in the United Kingdom.


 
10

 

Accordingly, the assets and liabilities of this business have been reclassified as held-for-sale for all periods presented and are reported within other assets and other liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.  The major classes of assets and liabilities held-for-sale (in millions) were as follows:
 
      As of       As of
      June 30,       December 31,
      2009       2008
Assets
         
Investments
  $
978
    $
 831
Cash and invested cash
   
 149
     
 172
DAC and VOBA
   
 596
     
 534
Accrued investment income
   
 21
     
 18
Reinsurance receivable
   
 64
     
 54
Other assets
   
 44
     
 44
Separate account assets
   
 5,447
     
 4,978
Total assets held-for-sale
  $
7,299
    $
 6,631
               
Liabilities
             
Other contract holder funds
  $
305
    $
277
Future contract benefits
   
 918
     
 829
Other liabilities
   
 323
     
 129
Separate account liabilities
   
 5,447
     
 4,978
Total liabilities held-for-sale
  $
6,993
    $
 6,213

We have reclassified the results of operations of Lincoln UK into income (loss) from discontinued operations for all periods presented on the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss), and selected amounts (in millions) were as follows:
 
   
For the Three
   
For the Six
 
   
Months Ended
   
Months Ended
 
   
June 30,
   
June 30,
 
   
2009
   
2008
   
2009
   
2008
 
Discontinued Operations Before Disposal
                       
Revenues:
                       
Insurance premiums
  $ 14     $ 26     $ 25     $ 45  
Insurance fees
    33       52       57       98  
Net investment income
    15       20       28       40  
Realized loss
    -       (8 )     (3 )     (8 )
Other revenue and fees
    1       -       -       1  
Total revenues
  $ 63     $ 90     $ 107     $ 176  
                                 
Income from discontinued operations before disposal, before federal income tax expense
  $ 15     $ 20     $ 23     $ 37  
Federal income tax expense
    5       7       8       13  
Income from discontinued operations before disposal
    10       13       15       24  
                                 
Disposal
                               
Loss on disposal, before federal income taxes
    (237 )     -       (237 )     -  
Federal income tax benefit
    67       -       67       -  
Loss on disposal
    (170 )     -       (170 )     -  
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
  $ (160 )   $ 13     $ (155 )   $ 24  


 
11

 

This transaction is anticipated to close during the fourth quarter of 2009.  The completion of the transaction contemplated by the SPA is subject to regulatory approvals, including the approval of the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions of Canada and Financial Services Authority of the United Kingdom, and the satisfaction of other customary conditions, some of which are beyond our control, and no assurance can be given that such completion will occur.  The transaction contemplates that we have the opportunity to retain Lincoln UK’s pension plan assets and liabilities.  If we do not retain the pension plan assets and liabilities, a purchase price adjustment will result.  Sun Life has agreed to guarantee all of the obligations of SLF under the SPA and related documents.  The estimated loss on disposal reported above is subject to change for foreign currency fluctuations and other adjustments.

Discontinued Media Operations

During the fourth quarter of 2007, we entered into definitive agreements to sell our television broadcasting, Charlotte radio and sports programming businesses.  These businesses were acquired as part of the Jefferson-Pilot merger on April 3, 2006.  The sports programming sale closed on November 30, 2007, the Charlotte radio broadcasting sale closed on January 31, 2008, and the television broadcasting sale closed on March 31, 2008.

The results of operations of these businesses were reclassified into income (loss) from discontinued operations on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss), and selected amounts (in millions) were as follows:
 
   
For the
 
   
Six
 
   
Months
 
   
Ended
 
   
June 30,
 
   
2008
 
Discontinued Operations Before Disposal
     
Media revenues, net of agency commissions
  $ 22  
         
Income from discontinued operations before disposal, before federal income taxes
  $ 8  
Federal income taxes
    3  
Income from discontinued operations before disposal
    5  
         
Disposal
       
Loss on disposal, before federal income taxes
    (12 )
Federal income tax benefit
    (3 )
Loss on disposal
    (9 )
Loss from discontinued operations
  $ (4 )

4.  Variable Interest Entities

Our involvement with variable interest entities (“VIEs”) is primarily to obtain financing and to invest in assets that allow us to gain exposure to a broadly diversified portfolio of asset classes.  We have carefully analyzed each VIE to determine whether we are the primary beneficiary.  Based on our analysis of the expected losses and residual returns of the VIEs in which we have a variable interest, we have concluded that there are no VIEs for which we are the primary beneficiary, and, as such, we have not consolidated the VIEs in our consolidated financial statements.  However, for those VIEs in which we are not the primary beneficiary, but hold a variable interest, we recognize the fair value of our variable interest in our consolidated financial statements.

Information (in millions) included on our Consolidated Balance Sheets for those VIEs where we had significant variable interest and where we were a sponsor was as follows:
 
   
As of June 30, 2009
   
As of December 31, 2008
 
               
Maximum
               
Maximum
 
   
Total
   
Total
   
Loss
   
Total
   
Total
   
Loss
 
   
Assets
   
Liabilities
   
Exposure
   
Assets
   
Liabilities
   
Exposure
 
Affiliated trust
  $ 5     $ -     $ -     $ 5     $ -     $ -  
Credit-linked notes
    219       -       600       50       -       600  


 
12

 

Affiliated Trust

We are the sponsor of an affiliated trust, Lincoln National Capital Trust VI, which was formed solely for the purpose of issuing trust preferred securities and lending the proceeds to us.  We own the common securities of this trust, approximately a 3% ownership, and the only assets of the trust are the junior subordinated debentures issued by us.  Our common stock investment in this trust was financed by the trust and is reported in other investments on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.  Distributions are paid by the trust to the preferred security holders on a quarterly basis and the principal obligations of the trust are irrevocably guaranteed by us.  Upon liquidation of the trust, the holders of the preferred securities are entitled to a fixed amount per share plus accumulated and unpaid distributions.  We reserve the right to redeem the preferred securities at a fixed price plus accumulated and unpaid distributions and defer the interest payments due on the subordinated debentures for up to 20 consecutive quarters, but not beyond the maturity date of the subordinated debenture.

Our common stock investment does not represent a significant variable interest in the trust, as we do not receive any distributions or absorb any losses from the trust.  In addition, our guarantee of the principal obligations of the trust does not represent a variable interest, as we are guaranteeing our own performance.  Therefore, we are not the primary beneficiary and do not consolidate the trust.  Since our investment in the common stock of the trust was financed directly by the trust, we do not have any equity investment at risk, and, therefore, do not have exposure to loss from the trust.

Credit-Linked Notes

We invested in two credit-linked notes (“CLNs”) where the note holders do not have voting rights or decision-making capabilities.  The entities that issued the CLNs are financed by the note holders, and as such, the note holders participate in the expected losses and residual returns of the entities.  Because the note holders’ investment does not permit them to make decisions about the entities’ activities that would have a significant effect on the success of the entities, we have determined that these entities are VIEs.  We are not the primary beneficiary of the VIEs as the multi-tiered class structure of the CLNs requires the subordinated classes of the investment pool to absorb credit losses prior to our class of notes.  As a result, we will not absorb the majority of the expected losses and the coupon we receive on the CLNs limits our participation in the residual returns.  For information regarding our exposure to loss in our CLNs, see “Credit-Linked Notes” in Note 5.


 
13

 

5.  Investments

AFS Securities

Pursuant to SFAS 157, we have categorized the AFS securities into a three-level hierarchy, based on the priority of the inputs to the respective valuation technique.  The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3), as described in Note 16, which also includes additional disclosures regarding our fair value measurements required by SFAS 157.

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, losses and OTTI and fair value of available-for-sale securities (in millions) were as follows:

   
As of June 30, 2009
 
   
Amortized
   
Gross Unrealized
   
Fair
 
   
Cost
   
Gains
   
Losses
   
OTTI (1)
   
Value
 
Fixed Maturity Securities
                             
Corporate bonds
  $ 43,749     $ 1,110     $ 2,650     $ 54     $ 42,155  
U.S. Government bonds
    207       17       3       -       221  
Foreign government bonds
    487       20       28       -       479  
Mortgage-backed securities ("MBS"):
                                       
CMOs
    6,453       245       510       179       6,009  
Residential mortgage pass-through securities ("MPTS")
    1,869       56       30       -       1,895  
Commercial MBS ("CMBS")
    2,511       16       542       -       1,985  
Asset-backed securities ("ABS"):
                                       
CDOs
    205       3       91       -       117  
CLNs
    600       -       381       -       219  
State and municipal bonds
    922       12       27       -       907  
Hybrid and redeemable preferred stocks
    1,564       8       509       -       1,063  
Total fixed maturity securities
    58,567       1,487       4,771       233       55,050  
Equity Securities
                                       
Banking securities
    274       -       148       -       126  
Insurance securities
    51       1       15       -       37  
Other financial services securities
    23       7       9       -       21  
Other securities
    52       1       1       -       52  
Total equity securities
    400       9       173       -       236  
Total AFS securities
  $ 58,967     $ 1,496     $ 4,944     $ 233     $ 55,286  

(1)
This amount is comprised of the gross unrealized OTTI cumulative effect adjustment as discussed in Note 2 and the amount reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) in the first six months of 2009.

 
14

 

 
   
As of December 31, 2008
 
   
Amortized
   
Gross Unrealized
   
Fair
 
   
Cost
   
Gains
   
Losses
   
OTTI
   
Value
 
Fixed Maturity Securities
                             
Corporate bonds
  $ 39,773     $ 638     $ 4,463     $ -     $ 35,948  
U.S. Government bonds
    204       42       -       -       246  
Foreign government bonds
    532       37       49       -       520  
MBS:
                                       
CMOs
    6,918       174       780       -       6,312  
MPTS
    1,875       62       38       -       1,899  
CMBS
    2,535       9       625       -       1,919  
ABS:
                                       
CDOs
    256       7       103       -       160  
CLNs
    600       -       550       -       50  
State and municipal bonds
    125       2       2       -       125  
Hybrid and redeemable preferred stocks
    1,563       6       607       -       962  
Total fixed maturity securities
    54,381       977       7,217       -       48,141  
Equity Securities
                                       
Banking securities
    274       -       146       -       128  
Insurance securities
    71       1       19       -       53  
Other financial services securities
    29       4       8       -       25  
Other securities
    54       4       10       -       48  
Total equity securities
    428       9       183       -       254  
Total AFS securities
  $ 54,809     $ 986     $ 7,400     $ -     $ 48,395  
                                      c  

The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity AFS securities by contractual maturities (in millions) were as follows:
 
   
As of June 30, 2009
 
   
Amortized
   
Fair
 
   
Cost
   
Value
 
Due in one year or less
  $ 1,730     $ 1,733  
Due after one year through five years
    13,570       13,566  
Due after five years through ten years
    15,703       15,350  
Due after ten years
    15,926       14,176  
Subtotal
    46,929       44,825  
MBS
    10,833       9,890  
CDOs
    205       116  
CLNs
    600       219  
Total fixed maturity AFS securities
  $ 58,567     $ 55,050  

Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or pre-pay obligations.


 
15

 

The fair value and gross unrealized losses, including the portion of OTTI recognized in OCI, of AFS securities (in millions), aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, were as follows:
 
   
As of June 30, 2009
 
   
Less Than Or Equal
   
Greater Than
             
   
to Twelve Months
   
Twelve Months
   
Total
 
         
Gross
         
Gross
         
Gross
 
         
Unrealized
         
Unrealized
         
Unrealized
 
   
Fair
   
Losses and
   
Fair
   
Losses and
   
Fair
   
Losses and
 
   
Value
   
OTTI
   
Value
   
OTTI
   
Value
   
OTTI
 
Fixed Maturity Securities
                                   
Corporate bonds
  $ 6,216     $ 540     $ 12,398     $ 2,164     $ 18,614     $ 2,704  
U.S. Government bonds
    45       3       -       -       45       3  
Foreign government bonds
    68       4       96       24       164       28  
MBS:
                                               
CMOs
    333       220       1,017       469       1,350       689  
MPTS
    306       7       108       23       414       30  
CMBS
    636       76       1,012       466       1,648       542  
ABS:
                                               
CDOs
    23       22       76       69       99       91  
CLNs
    -       -       219       381       219       381  
State and municipal bonds
    225       14       36       13       261       27  
Hybrid and redeemable preferred stocks
    253       107       703       402       956       509  
Total fixed maturity securities
    8,105       993       15,665       4,011       23,770       5,004  
Equity Securities
                                               
Banking securities
    126       148       -       -       126       148  
Insurance securities
    34       15       -       -       34       15  
Other financial services securities
    7       9       -       -       7       9  
Other securities
    1       1       -       -       1       1  
Total equity securities
    168       173       -       -       168       173  
Total AFS securities
  $ 8,273     $ 1,166     $ 15,665     $ 4,011     $ 23,938     $ 5,177  
                                                 
Total number of securities in an unrealized loss position
                              2,707  


 
16

 


 
                                     
   
As of December 31, 2008
 
   
Less Than Or Equal
   
Greater Than
             
   
to Twelve Months
   
Twelve Months
   
Total
 
         
Gross
         
Gross
         
Gross
 
   
Fair
   
Unrealized
   
Fair
   
Unrealized
   
Fair
   
Unrealized
 
   
Value
   
Losses
   
Value
   
Losses
   
Value
   
Losses
 
Fixed Maturity Securities
                                   
Corporate bonds
  $ 18,864     $ 2,341     $ 5,893     $ 2,122     $ 24,757     $ 4,463  
U.S. Government bonds
    3       -       -       -       3       -  
Foreign government bonds
    147       17       50       32       197       49  
MBS:
                                               
CMOs
    853       299       720       481       1,573       780  
MPTS
    96       26       52       12       148       38  
CMBS
    1,133       175       498       450       1,631       625  
ABS:
                                               
CDOs
    76       20       68       83       144       103  
CLNs
    -       -       50       550       50       550  
State and municipal bonds
    29       2       2       -       31       2  
Hybrid and redeemable preferred stocks
    461       267       418       340       879       607  
Total fixed maturity securities
    21,662       3,147       7,751       4,070       29,413       7,217  
Equity Securities
                                               
Banking securities
    129       146       -       -       129       146  
Insurance securities
    30       19       -       -       30       19  
Other financial services securities
    16       8       -       -       16       8  
Other securities
    22       9       2       1       24       10  
Total equity securities
    197       182       2       1       199       183  
Total AFS securities
  $ 21,859     $ 3,329     $ 7,753     $ 4,071     $ 29,612     $ 7,400  
                                                 
Total number of securities in an unrealized loss position
                              3,563  

Each quarter we review the cash flows for the mortgage backed securities (“MBS”) to determine whether or not they are sufficient to provide for the recovery of our principal.  We revise our cash flow projections only for those securities that are at most risk for impairment based on current credit enhancement and trends in the underlying collateral performance.  We use the process described below to evaluate the level of the expected cash flows.

When evaluating MBS and mortgage related ABS we consider a number of pool-specific factors as well as market level factors when determining whether or not the impairment on the security is temporary or other than temporary.  The most important factor is the performance of the underlying collateral in the security and the trends of that performance in the prior periods.  We use this information about the collateral to forecast the timing and rate of mortgage loan defaults including making projections for loans that are already delinquent and for those loans that are currently performing but may become delinquent in the future.  Other factors used in this analysis include type of underlying collateral (e.g., prime, Alt-A, or subprime), geographic distribution of underlying loans, and timing of liquidations by state.  Once default rates and timing assumptions are determined, we then make assumptions regarding the severity of a default if it were to occur.  Factors that impact the severity assumption include expectations for future home price appreciation/depreciation, loan size, first lien vs. second lien, existence of loan level private mortgage insurance, type of occupancy, and geographic distribution of loans.  Once default and severity assumptions are determined for the security in question, cash flows for the underlying collateral are projected including expected defaults and prepayments.  These cash flows on the collateral are then translated to cash flows on our tranche based on the cash flow waterfall of the entire capital security structure.  If this analysis indicates the entire principal on a particular security will not be returned, the security is reviewed for other-than-temporary impairment.  To the extent that the security has already been impaired or was purchased at a discount greater than the expected principal loss, no impairment is required.

 
17

 

Otherwise, if there is a projected principal loss on the security and there has not been a previous impairment or the security was not purchased at a discount greater than the expected principal loss, then impairment is recognized.

On an ongoing basis, we monitor the cash flows of all of our MBS.  We also perform detailed analysis on all of our subprime, Alt-A, non-agency residential MBS (“RMBS”) and on a significant percentage of our AFS securities backed by pools of commercial mortgages.  The detailed analysis includes revising projected cash flows by updating the cash flows for actual cash received and applying assumptions with respect to expected defaults, foreclosures and recoveries in the future.  These revised projected cash flows are then compared to the amount of credit enhancement (subordination) in the structure to determine whether the amortized cost of the security is recoverable.  If it is not recoverable, we record an impairment of the security.

We perform detailed analysis on the MBS that are most at risk of impairment.  Selected information for these securities (in millions) was as follows:

   
As of June 30, 2009
 
   
Amortized
         
Unrealized
 
   
Cost
   
Fair Value
   
Loss
 
Total
                 
AFS securities backed by pools of residential mortgages
  $ 9,520     $ 8,503     $ 1,017  
AFS securities backed by pools of commercial mortgages
    2,576       2,021       555  
Total
  $ 12,096     $ 10,524     $ 1,572  
                         
Subject to Detailed Analysis
                       
AFS securities backed by pools of residential mortgages
  $ 3,257     $ 1,954     $ 1,303  
AFS securities backed by pools of commercial mortgages
    464       274       190  
Total
  $ 3,721     $ 2,228     $ 1,493  

For the six months ended June 30, 2009, we recorded OTTI for AFS securities backed by pools of residential and commercial mortgages of $388 million pre-tax and before associated amortization expense for DAC, VOBA, DSI, and DFEL, of which $229 million was recognized in OCI and $159 million was recognized in net income (loss).

The fair value, gross unrealized losses, the portion of OTTI recognized in OCI (in millions) and number of AFS securities where the fair value had declined and remained below amortized cost by greater than 20%, were as follows:
 
   
As of June 30, 2009
 
                     
Number
 
   
Fair
   
Gross Unrealized
   
of
 
   
Value
   
Losses
   
OTTI
   
Securities (1)
 
Less than six months
  $ 1,044     $ 492     $ 84       205  
Six months or greater, but less than nine months
    1,709       919       9       257  
Nine months or greater, but less than twelve months
    1,138       720       49       194  
Twelve months or greater
    1,073       1,403       90       231  
Total AFS securities
  $ 4,964     $ 3,534     $ 232       887  
 
   
As of December 31, 2008
 
                     
Number
 
   
Fair
   
Gross Unrealized
   
of
 
   
Value
   
Losses
   
OTTI
   
Securities (1)
 
Less than six months
  $ 6,711     $ 3,497     $ -       982  
Six months or greater, but less than nine months
    496       505       -       102  
Nine months or greater, but less than twelve months
    485       646       -       147  
Twelve months or greater
    173       869       -       90  
Total AFS securities
  $ 7,865     $ 5,517     $ -       1,321  
 
(1)
We may reflect a security in more than one aging category based on various purchase dates.


 
18

 

As described more fully below, we regularly review our investment holdings for OTTIs.  Based upon this review, the cause of the $2.2 billion decrease in our gross AFS securities unrealized losses for the six months ended June 30, 2009, was attributable primarily to increased liquidity in several market segments and improved credit fundamentals, partially offset by the cumulative adjustment of the recognition of OTTI, which resulted in the $165 million increase in amortized cost in AFS securities as discussed in Note 2.  We believe that the securities in an unrealized loss position as of June 30, 2009, were not other-than-temporarily impaired as we do not intend to sell these debt securities or it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell the debt securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis, and we have the ability and intent to hold the equity securities for a period of time sufficient for recovery.

Changes in the amount of credit loss of OTTIs recognized in net income (loss) where the portion related to other factors was recognized in OCI (in millions) were as follows:
 
   
For the
   
For the
 
   
Three
   
Six
 
   
Months
   
Months
 
   
Ended
   
Ended
 
   
June 30,
   
June 30,
 
   
2009
   
2009
 
Balance as of beginning-of-period
  $ 103     $ 31  
Increases attributable to:
               
Credit losses on securities for which an OTTI was not previously recognized
    23       95  
Credit losses on securities for which an OTTI was previously recognized
    36       36  
Decreases attributable to:
               
Amounts recognized in net income (loss)
    (30 )     (30 )
Balance as of end-of-period
  $ 132     $ 132  

Realized Loss Related to Investments

The detail of the realized loss related to investments (in millions) was as follows:

   
For the Three
   
For the Six
 
   
Months Ended
   
Months Ended
 
   
June 30,
   
June 30,
 
   
2009
   
2008
   
2009
   
2008
 
Fixed maturity AFS securities:
                       
Gross gains
  $ 33     $ 17     $ 86     $ 25  
Gross losses
    (172 )     (125 )     (413 )     (220 )
Equity AFS securities:
                               
Gross gains
    1       -       4       -  
Gross losses
    (6 )     (6 )     (9 )     (6 )
Gain (loss) on other investments
    (58 )     3       (60 )     28  
Associated amortization expense of DAC, VOBA, DSI and DFEL and changes 
                               
 in other contract holder funds and funds withheld reinsurance liabilities
    48       23       104       47  
Total realized loss on investments, excluding trading securities
    (154 )     (88 )     (288 )     (126 )
Loss on certain derivative instruments
    (4 )     (29 )     (20 )     (32 )
Total realized loss on investments and certain
                               
derivative instruments, excluding trading securities
  $ (158 )   $ (117 )   $ (308 )   $ (158 )



 
19

 

Details underlying write-downs taken as a result of OTTIs (in millions) that were recognized in net income (loss) and included in realized loss on AFS securities above, and the portion of OTTI recognized in OCI were as follows:

   
For the Three
   
For the Six
 
   
Months Ended
   
Months Ended
 
   
June 30,
   
June 30,
 
   
2009
   
2008
   
2009
   
2008
 
OTTI Recognized in Net Income (Loss)
                       
Fixed maturity securities:
                       
Corporate bonds
  $ 75     $ 37     $ 157     $ 127  
MBS:
                               
CMOs
    61       77       142       77  
ABS:
                               
CDOs
    30       -       30       1  
Hybrid and redeemable preferred stock
    -       -       1       -  
Total fixed maturity securities
    166       114       330       205  
Equity securities:
                               
Other financial services securities
    -       -       3       -  
Other securities
    6       6       6       6  
Total equity securities
    6       6       9       6  
Gross OTTI recognized in net income (loss)
    172       120       339       211  
Associated amortization expense of DAC, VOBA, DSI and DFEL
    (54 )     (20 )     (100 )     (53 )
Net OTTI recognized in net income (loss), pre-tax
  $ 118     $ 100     $ 239     $ 158  
                                 
Portion of OTTI Recognized in OCI
                               
Gross OTTI recognized in OCI
  $ 130     $ -     $ 242     $ -  
Associated amortization expense of DAC, VOBA, DSI and DFEL
    (27 )     -       (50 )     -  
Net portion of OTTI recognized in OCI, pre-tax
  $ 103     $ -     $ 192     $ -  

We regularly review our AFS securities for declines in fair value that we determine to be other-than-temporary.  For an equity security, if we do not have the ability and intent to hold the security for a sufficient period of time to allow for a recovery in value, we conclude that an OTTI has occurred, and the amortized cost of the equity security is written down to the current fair value, with a corresponding charge to realized gain (loss) on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).  When assessing our ability and intent to hold the equity security to recovery, we consider, among other things, the severity and duration of the decline in fair value of the equity security as well as the cause of the decline, a fundamental analysis of the liquidity, business prospects and overall financial condition of the issuer.

For a debt security, if we intend to sell a security or it is more likely than not we will be required to sell a debt security before recovery of its amortized cost basis and the fair value of the debt security is below amortized cost, we conclude that an OTTI has occurred and the amortized cost is written down to current fair value, with a corresponding charge to realized gain (loss) on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).  If we do not intend to sell a debt security or it is not more likely than not we will be required to sell a debt security before recovery of its amortized cost basis but the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost of the debt security (referred to as the credit loss), we conclude that an OTTI has occurred and the amortized cost is written down to the estimated recovery value with a corresponding charge to realized gain (loss) on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss), as this is deemed the credit portion of the OTTI.  The remainder of the decline to fair value is recorded in OCI to unrealized OTTI on AFS securities on our Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, as this is considered a noncredit (i.e., recoverable) impairment.


 
20

 

When assessing our intent to sell a debt security or if it is more likely than not we will be required to sell a debt security before recovery of its cost basis, we evaluate facts and circumstances such as, but not limited to, decisions to reposition our security portfolio, sale of securities to meet cash flow needs and sales of securities to capitalize on favorable pricing.  In order to determine the amount of the credit loss for a debt security, we calculate the recovery value by performing a discounted cash flow analysis based on the current cash flows and future cash flows we expect to recover.  The discount rate is the effective interest rate implicit in the underlying debt security.  The effective interest rate is the original yield or the coupon if the debt security was previously impaired.  See the discussion below for additional information on the methodology and significant inputs, by security type, which we use to determine the amount of a credit loss.

To determine the recovery period of a debt security, we consider the facts and circumstances surrounding the underlying issuer including, but not limited to, the following:

·
Historic and implied volatility of the security;
·
Length of time and extent to which the fair value has been less than amortized cost;
·
Adverse conditions specifically related to the security or to specific conditions in an industry or geographic area;
·
Failure, if any, of the issuer of the security to make scheduled payments; and
·
Recoveries or additional declines in fair value subsequent to the balance sheet date.

In periods subsequent to the recognition of an OTTI, the AFS security is accounted for as if it had been purchased on the measurement date of the OTTI.  Therefore, for the fixed maturity AFS security, the original discount or reduced premium is reflected in net investment income over the contractual term of the investment in a manner that produces a constant effective yield.

Determination of Credit Losses on Corporate Bonds

To determine recovery value of a corporate bond, we perform analysis related to the underlying issuer including, but not limited to, the following:

·
Fundamentals of the issuer to determine what we would recover if they were to file bankruptcy versus the price at which the market is trading;
·
Fundamentals of the industry in which the issuer operates;
·
Earnings multiples for the given industry or sector of an industry that the underlying issuer operates within, divided by the outstanding debt to determine an expected recovery value of the security in the case of a liquidation;
·
Expected cash flows of the issuer (e.g., whether the issuer has cash flows in excess of what is required to fund its operations);
·
Expectations regarding defaults and recovery rates;
·
Changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency; and
·
Additional market information (e.g., if there has been a replacement of the corporate debt security).

Determination of Credit Losses on MBS

To determine recovery value of a MBS, we perform analysis related to the underlying issuer including, but not limited to, the following:

·
Discounted cash flow analysis based on the current cash flows and future cash flows we expect to recover;
·
Level of creditworthiness of the home equity loans that back a CMO, residential mortgages that back a MPTS or commercial mortgages that back a CMBS;
·
Susceptibility to fair value fluctuations for changes in the interest rate environment;
·
Susceptibility to reinvestment risks, in cases where market yields are lower than the securities’ book yield earned;
·
Susceptibility to reinvestment risks, in cases where market yields are higher than the book yields earned on a security and our expectations of sale of such a security; and
·
Susceptibility to variability of prepayments.


 
21

 

Securities Lending and Collateral Held

The carrying values of securities pledged under securities lending agreements were $437 million and $427 million as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively.  The fair values of these securities were $420 million and $410 million as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively.  The carrying value and fair value of the collateral payable held for derivatives is $690 million and $2.8 billion as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively.  The carrying value and fair value of the collateral payable held for the Treasury Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility (“TALF”) program is $139 million as of June 30, 2009.  The carrying value and fair value of the collateral payable held for the Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis (“FHLBI”) is $100 million as of June 30, 2009.  As of December 31, 2008, we did not have collateral payable held for the TALF program or FHLBI.

Reverse Repurchase Agreements

The carrying values of securities pledged under reverse repurchase agreements were $346 million and $470 million as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively.  The fair values of these securities were $366 million and $496 million as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively.

Investment Commitments

As of June 30, 2009, our investment commitments for fixed maturity securities (primarily private placements), limited partnerships, real estate and mortgage loans on real estate were $696 million, which included $381 million of limited partnerships and $214 million of standby commitments to purchase real estate upon completion and leasing.

Credit-Linked Notes

As of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, other contract holder funds on our Consolidated Balance Sheets included $600 million outstanding in funding agreements of The Lincoln National Life Insurance Company (“LNL”).  LNL invested the proceeds of $600 million received for issuing two funding agreements in 2006 and 2007 into two separate CLNs originated by third party companies.  The CLNs are included in fixed maturity AFS securities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

We earn a spread between the coupon received on the CLNs and the interest credited on the funding agreement.  Our CLNs were created using a special purpose trust that combines highly rated assets with credit default swaps to produce a multi-class structured security.  The high quality asset in these transactions are AAA-rated ABS secured by a pool of credit card receivables.  Our affiliate, Delaware Investments, actively manages the credit default swaps in the underlying portfolios.  As permitted in the CLN agreements, Delaware Investments acts as the investment manager for the pool of underlying issuers in each of the transactions.
Delaware Investments, from time to time, has directed substitutions of corporate names in the reference portfolio.  When substituting corporate names, the issuing special purpose trust transacts with a third party to sell credit protection on a new issuer, selected by Delaware Investments.  The cost to substitute the corporate names is based on market conditions and the liquidity of the corporate names.  This new issuer will replace the issuer Delaware Investments has identified to remove from the pool of issuers.  The substitution of corporate issuers does not revise the CLN agreement.  The subordination and the participation in credit losses may change as a result of the substitution.  The amount of the change is dependant upon the relative risk of the issuers removed and replaced in the pool of issuers. 

Consistent with other debt market instruments, we are exposed to credit losses within the structure of the CLNs, which could result in principal losses to our investments.  However, we have attempted to protect our investments from credit losses through the multi-tiered class structure of the CLN, which requires the subordinated classes of the investment pool to absorb all of the credit losses.  LNL owns the mezzanine tranche of these investments.  
 
Our evaluation of the CLNs for OTTI involves projecting defaults in the underlying collateral pool, making assumptions regarding severity and then comparing losses on the underlying collateral pool to the amount of subordination.  We apply current published industry data of projected default rates to the underlying collateral pool to estimate the expected future losses.   If expected losses were to exceed the attachment point, we may recognize an OTTI on the CLN.  To date, there has been one default in the underlying collateral pool of the $400 million CLN and two defaults in the underlying collateral pool of the $200 million CLN.  There has been no event of default on the CLNs themselves.  Based upon our analysis the remaining subordination as represented by the attachment point should be sufficient to absorb future credit losses, subject to changing market conditions.  Similar to other debt market instruments, our maximum principal loss is limited to our original investment of $600 million as of June 30, 2009.


 
22

 

As in the general markets, spreads on these transactions have widened, causing unrealized losses.  We had unrealized losses of $381 million on the $600 million in CLNs as of June 30, 2009 and $550 million on the $600 million in CLNs as of December 31, 2008.  As described more fully the realized loss related to investments section above, we regularly review our investment holdings for OTTIs.  Based upon this review, we believe that these securities were not other-than-temporarily impaired as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008.  The following summarizes the fair value to amortized cost ratio (dollars in millions) of the CLNs:
 
   
As of
   
As of
   
As of
 
   
July 31,
   
June 30,
   
December 31,
 
   
2009
   
2009
   
2008
 
Fair value to amortized cost ratio
    48 %     37 %     8 %
 
The following summarizes information regarding our investments in these securities (dollars in millions) as of June 30, 2009:

   
Amount and Date of Issuance
 
      $400       $200  
   
December 2006
   
April 2007
 
Amortized cost
  $ 400     $ 200  
Fair value
    142       77  
Original attachment point (subordination)
    5.50 %     2.05 %
Current attachment point (subordination)
    4.78 %     1.48 %
Maturity
 
12/20/2016
   
3/20/2017
 
Current rating of tranche
 
BBB-
   
Ba3
 
Current rating of underlying collateral pool
 
Aa1-B3
   
Aaa-B3
 
Number of entities
    124       98  
Number of countries
    19       23  

The following summarizes the exposure of the CLNs’ underlying collateral by industry and rating as of June 30, 2009:
 
Industry
 
AAA
 
AA
 
A
 
BBB
 
BB
 
B
 
Total
Financial intermediaries
 
0.3%
 
3.5%
 
7.2%
 
0.5%
 
0.5%
 
0.0%
 
12.0%
Telecommunications
 
0.0%
 
0.0%
 
5.1%
 
4.9%
 
1.1%
 
0.0%
 
11.1%
Oil & gas
 
0.0%
 
1.4%
 
1.8%
 
4.4%
 
0.0%
 
0.0%
 
7.6%
Utilities
 
0.0%
 
0.0%
 
2.4%
 
1.8%
 
0.0%
 
0.0%
 
4.2%
Chemicals & plastics
 
0.0%
 
0.0%
 
2.3%
 
1.6%
 
0.0%
 
0.0%
 
3.9%
Property & casualty insurance
 
0.0%
 
0.0%
 
2.2%
 
1.6%
 
0.0%
 
0.0%
 
3.8%
Drugs
 
0.3%
 
2.5%
 
0.9%
 
0.0%
 
0.0%
 
0.0%
 
3.7%
Retailers (except food & drug)
 
0.0%
 
0.0%
 
0.7%
 
1.8%
 
1.1%
 
0.0%
 
3.6%
Industrial equipment
 
0.0%
 
0.0%
 
3.0%
 
0.3%
 
0.0%
 
0.0%
 
3.3%
Sovereign
 
0.0%
 
0.3%
 
1.6%
 
1.4%
 
0.0%
 
0.0%
 
3.3%
Forest products
 
0.0%
 
0.0%
 
0.0%
 
1.6%
 
1.4%
 
0.0%
 
3.0%
Other Industry < 3% (28 Industries)
 
0.9%
 
2.8%
 
15.1%
 
15.7%
 
5.3%
 
0.7%
 
40.5%
Total by industry
 
1.5%
 
10.5%
 
42.3%
 
35.6%
 
9.4%
 
0.7%
 
100.0%



 
23

 

6.  Derivative Instruments

Types of Derivative Instruments and Derivative Strategies
 
We maintain an overall risk management strategy that incorporates the use of derivative instruments to minimize significant unplanned fluctuations in earnings that are caused by interest rate risk, foreign currency exchange risk, equity market risk and credit risk.  We assess these risks by continually identifying and monitoring changes in interest rate exposure, foreign currency exposure, equity market exposure and credit exposure that may adversely impact expected future cash flows and by evaluating hedging opportunities.  Derivative instruments that are used as part of our interest rate risk management strategy include interest rate swaps, interest rate futures, interest rate caps, forward-starting interest rate swaps and treasury locks.  Derivative instruments that are used as part of our foreign currency risk management strategy include foreign currency swaps, currency futures and foreign currency forwards.  Call options on our stock, call options on the Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) 500 Index® (“S&P 500”), total return swaps, variance swaps, equity collars, put options and equity futures are used as part of our equity market risk management strategy.  We also use credit default swaps as part of our credit risk management strategy.
 
As of June 30, 2009, we had derivative instruments that were designated and qualifying as cash flow hedges, fair value hedges and the hedge of a net investment in a foreign subsidiary.  In addition, we had embedded derivatives that qualified under SFAS 133 and embedded derivatives that did not qualify under SFAS 133.  We also had derivative instruments that were economic hedges, but were not designated as hedging instruments under SFAS 133.  See Note 1 of our 2008 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion of the accounting treatment for derivative instruments.

Our derivative instruments are monitored by our Asset Liability Management Committee and our Equity Risk Management Committee as part of those committees’ oversight of our derivative activities.  Our committees are responsible for implementing various hedging strategies that are developed through their analysis of financial simulation models and other internal and industry sources.  The resulting hedging strategies are incorporated into our overall risk management strategies.

We use a hedging strategy designed to mitigate the risk and income statement volatility caused by changes in the equity markets, interest rates and volatility associated with living benefit guarantees offered in our variable annuity products, including the Lincoln SmartSecurity® Advantage guaranteed withdrawal benefit (“GWB”) feature, the 4LATER® Advantage GIB feature and the i4LIFE® Advantage GIB feature.  See “GLBs Accounted for Under SFAS 157/SFAS 133” below for further details.

See Note 16 for disclosures regarding our fair value measurement required by SFAS 157.


 
24

 

We have derivative instruments with off-balance-sheet risks whose notional or contract amounts exceed the credit exposure.  Outstanding derivative instruments with off-balance-sheet risks (in millions) were as follows:

   
As of June 30, 2009
 
   
Number
         
Asset Carrying
   
(Liability) Carrying
 
   
of
   
Notional
   
or Fair Value
   
or Fair Value
 
   
Instruments
   
Amounts
   
Gain
   
Loss
   
Gain
   
Loss
 
Derivative Instruments Designated and Qualifying
                                   
as Hedging Instruments
                                   
Cash flow hedges:
                                   
Interest rate swap agreements (1)
    102     $ 731     $ 32     $ (56 )   $ -     $ -  
Foreign currency swaps (1)
    14       366       37       (10 )     -       -  
Forward-starting interest rate swaps (1)
    1       75       2       -       -       -  
Total cash flow hedges
    117       1,172       71       (66 )     -       -  
Fair value hedges:
                                               
Interest rate swap agreements (1)
    1       375       80       -       -       -  
Equity collars (1)
    1       49       141       -       -       -  
Total fair value hedges
    2       424       221       -       -       -  
Net investment in foreign subsidiary:
                                               
Foreign currency forwards (1)
    4       256       -       (6 )     -       -  
Embedded derivatives:
                                               
Deferred compensation plans (4)
    7       -       -       -       -       (371 )
Remaining guaranteed interest
                                               
and similar contracts (2)
    93,106       -       -       -               (294 )
GLBs accounted for under
                                               
SFAS 157/SFAS 133 (2)
    236,497       -       -       -       461       (1,533 )
Reinsurance related
                                               
derivative assets (3)
    -       -       46       -       -       -  
Total embedded derivatives
    329,610       -       46       -       461       (2,198 )
Total derivative instruments
                                               
designated and qualifying as
                                               
hedging instruments
    329,733       1,852       338       (72 )     461       (2,198 )
Derivative Instruments Not Designated and Not
                                               
Qualifying as Hedging Instruments
                                               
Interest rate cap agreements (1)
    43       2,150       -       -       -       -  
Interest rate futures (1)
    15,657       4,179       -       -       -       -  
Equity futures (1)
    48,936       2,247       -       -       -       -  
Interest rate swap agreements (1)
    102       6,111       187       (391 )     -       -  
Foreign currency forward contracts (1)
    17       1,016       4       (87 )     -       -  
Credit default swaps (4)
    14       212       -       -       -       (74 )
Total return swaps (1)
    2       142       -       -       -       -  
Put options (1)
    115       4,112       1,115       -       -       -  
Call options (based on LNC stock) (1)
    1       9       -       -       -       -  
Call options (based on S&P 500) (1)
    558       3,115       90       -       -       -  
Variance swaps (1)
    36       26       94       (17 )     -       -  
Currency futures (1)
    812       110       -       -       -       -  
AFS securities embedded derivatives (1)
    3       -       18       -       -       -  
Total derivative instruments not
                                               
designated and not qualifying as
                                               
hedging instruments
    66,296       23,429       1,508       (495 )     -       (74 )
Total derivative instruments
    396,029     $ 25,281     $ 1,846     $ (567 )   $ 461     $ (2,272 )


 
25

 
 
(1)
Reported in derivative investments on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(2)
Reported in future contract benefits on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(3)
Reported in reinsurance related derivative assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(4)
Reported in other liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The maturity of the notional amounts of derivative financial instruments (in millions) was as follows:

   
Remaining Life as of June 30, 2009
 
   
Less Than
      1 - 5       5 - 10       10 - 30        
   
1 Year
   
Years
   
Years
   
Years
   
Total
 
Derivative Instruments Designated and Qualifying
                                   
  as Hedging Instruments
                                   
Cash flow hedges:
                                   
Interest rate swap agreements
  $ 124     $ 101     $ 240     $ 266     $ 731  
Foreign currency swaps
    -       81       180       105       366  
Forward-starting interest rate swaps
    -       -       75       -       75  
Total cash flow hedges
    124       182       495       371       1,172  
Fair value hedges:
                                       
Interest rate swap agreements
    -       -       -       375       375  
   Equity collars
    -       49       -       -       49  
Total fair value hedges
    -       49       -       375       424  
Net investment in foreign subsidiary:
                                       
Foreign currency forwards
    256       -       -       -       256  
Total derivative instruments designated
                                       
and qualifying as hedging instruments
    380       231       495       746       1,852  
Derivative Instruments Not Designated and Not
                                       
Qualifying as Hedging Instruments
                                       
Interest rate cap agreements
    1,400       750       -       -       2,150  
Interest rate futures
    4,179       -       -       -       4,179  
Equity futures
    2,247       -       -       -       2,247  
Interest rate swap agreements
    477       1,635       1,494       2,505       6,111  
Foreign currency forward contracts
    1,016       -       -       -       1,016  
Credit default swaps
    20       40       152       -       212  
Total return swaps
    142       -       -       -       142  
Put options
    112       1,125       2,700       175       4,112  
Call options (based on LNC stock)
    9       -       -       -       9  
Call options (based on S&P 500)
    2,378       737       -       -       3,115  
Variance swaps
    -       3       23               26  
Currency futures
    110       -       -       -       110  
Total derivative instruments not designated
                                       
and not qualifying as hedging instruments
    12,090       4,290       4,369       2,680       23,429  
Total derivative instruments with notional amounts
  $ 12,470     $ 4,521     $ 4,864     $ 3,426     $ 25,281  


 
26

 

The change in our unrealized gain on derivative instruments in accumulated OCI (in millions) was as follows:

   
For the
 
   
Six
 
   
Months
 
   
Ended
 
   
June 30,
 
   
2009
 
Unrealized Gain on Derivative Instruments
     
Balance as of beginning-of-year
  $ 127  
Other comprehensive income (loss):
       
Unrealized holding losses arising during the period:
       
Cash flow hedges:
       
Interest rate swap agreements
    29  
Foreign currency swaps
    (37 )
Forward-starting interest rate swaps
    2  
Fair value hedges:
       
Interest rate swap agreements
    2  
Net investment in foreign subsidiary
    (80 )
Change in DAC, VOBA, DSI and other contract holder funds
    20  
Income tax benefit
    (5 )
Less:
       
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income:
       
Cash flow hedges:
       
Interest rate swap agreements (1)
    3  
Foreign currency swaps (1)
    1  
Fair value hedges:
       
Interest rate swap agreements (2)
    2  
Associated amortization of DAC, VOBA, DSI and DFEL
       
and changes in other contract holder funds
    -  
Income tax expense
    (2 )
Balance as of end-of-period
  $ 54  
 
(1)
The OCI offset is reported within net investment income on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).
(2)
The OCI offset is reported within interest and debt expense on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).

 
27

 

The settlement payments and mark-to-market adjustments on derivative instruments (in millions) recorded on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) were as follows:

   
For the
   
For the
 
   
Three
   
Six
 
   
Months
   
Months
 
   
Ended
   
Ended
 
   
June 30,
   
June 30,
 
   
2009
   
2009
 
Derivative Instruments Designated and Qualifying as Hedging Instruments
           
Cash flow hedges:
           
Interest rate swap agreements (1)
  $ 1     $ 2  
Foreign currency swaps (1)
    -       1  
Total cash flow hedges
    1       3  
Fair value hedges:
               
Interest rate swap agreements (2)
    3       7  
Embedded derivatives:
               
Deferred compensation plans (4)
    (25 )     (18 )
Remaining guaranteed interest and similar contracts (3)
    (11 )     11  
GLBs accounted for under SFAS 157/SFAS 133 (3)
    1,644       1,823  
Reinsurance related derivative assets (3)
    (61 )     15  
Total embedded derivatives
    1,547       1,831  
Total derivative instruments designated and qualifying as hedging instruments
    1,551       1,841  
Derivative Instruments Not Designated and Not Qualifying as Hedging Instruments
         
Interest rate cap agreements (3)
               
Interest rate futures (3)
    (255 )     (583 )
Equity futures (3)
    (563 )     (314 )
Interest rate swap agreements (3)
    (468 )     (779 )
Foreign currency forward contracts (1)
    (88 )     (83 )
Credit default swaps (1)
    1       1  
Total return swaps (4)
    18       9  
Put options (3)
    (455 )     (410 )
Call options (based on S&P 500) (3)
    20       2  
Variance swaps (3)
    (53 )     (84 )
Currency futures (3)
    (1 )     (1 )
AFS securities embedded derivatives (1)
    2       3  
Total derivative instruments not designated and not qualifying as hedging instruments
    (1,842 )     (2,239 )
Total derivative instruments
  $ (291 )   $ (398 )
 
(1)
Reported in net investment income on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).
(2)
Reported in interest and debt expense on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).
(3)
Reported in net realized loss on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).
(4)
Reported in underwriting, acquisition, insurance and other expenses on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).


 
28

 

Derivative Instruments Designated and Qualifying as Cash Flow Hedges

There was $1 million in ineffective portions of cash flow hedges recognized through realized loss for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2009.

As of June 30, 2009, $8 million of the deferred net gains on derivative instruments in accumulated OCI were expected to be reclassified to earnings during the next twelve months.  This reclassification is due primarily to the receipt of interest payments associated with variable rate securities and forecasted purchases, payment of interest on our senior debt, the receipt of interest payments associated with foreign currency securities and the periodic vesting of stock appreciation rights (“SARs”).

For both the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, there were no reclassifications to earnings due to hedged firm commitments no longer deemed probable or due to hedged forecasted transactions that had not occurred by the end of the originally specified time period.

Interest Rate Swap Agreements

We use a portion of our interest rate swap agreements to hedge the interest rate risk to our exposure to floating rate bond coupon payments, replicating a fixed rate bond.  An interest rate swap is a contractual agreement to exchange payments at one or more times based on the actual or expected price level, performance or value of one or more underlying interest rates.  We are required to pay the counterparty the stream of variable interest payments based on the coupon payments from the hedged bonds, and in turn, receive a fixed payment from the counterparty at a predetermined interest rate.  The net receipts/payments from these interest rate swaps are recorded on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) as specified in the table above.  Gains or losses on interest rate swaps hedging our interest rate exposure on floating rate bond coupon payments are reclassified from accumulated OCI to net income as the related bond interest is accrued.

In addition, we use interest rate swap agreements to hedge our exposure to fixed rate bond coupon payments and the change in underlying asset values as interest rates fluctuate.  The net receipts/payments from these interest rate swaps are recorded on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) as specified in the table above.

As of June 30, 2009, the latest maturity date for which we were hedging our exposure to the variability in future cash flows for these instruments was June 2037.

Foreign Currency Swaps

We use foreign currency swaps, which are traded over-the-counter, to hedge some of the foreign exchange risk of investments in fixed maturity securities denominated in foreign currencies.  A foreign currency swap is a contractual agreement to exchange the currencies of two different countries at a specified rate of exchange in the future.  Gains or losses on foreign currency swaps hedging foreign exchange risk exposure on foreign currency bond coupon payments are reclassified from accumulated OCI to net income as the related bond interest is accrued.

As of June 30, 2009, the latest maturity date for which we were hedging our exposure to the variability in future cash flows for these instruments was July 2022.

Forward-Starting Interest Rate Swaps

We use forward-starting interest rate swaps to hedge our exposure to interest rate fluctuations related to the forecasted purchase of assets for certain investment portfolios.  The gains or losses resulting from the swap agreements are recorded in OCI.  The gains or losses are reclassified from accumulated OCI to earnings over the life of the assets once the assets are purchased.

As of June 30, 2009, the latest maturity date for which we were hedging our exposure to the variability in future cash flows for these instruments was March 2018.

Derivative Instruments Designated and Qualifying as Fair Value Hedges

There were no ineffective portions of fair value hedges for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009.  We recognized $1 million and less than $1 million as a component of realized investment loss for our equity collars for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, respectively.


 
29

 

Interest Rate Swap Agreements

We use a portion of our interest rate swap agreements to hedge the risk of paying a higher fixed rate of interest on junior subordinated debentures issued to affiliated trusts and on senior debt than would be paid on long-term debt based on current interest rates in the marketplace.  We are required to pay the counterparty a stream of variable interest payments based on the referenced index, and in turn, we receive a fixed payment from the counterparty at a predetermined interest rate.  The net receipts/payments from these interest rate swaps are recorded as an adjustment to the interest expense for the debt being hedged.  The changes in fair value of the interest rate swap are recorded on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) as specified in the table above in the period of change, along with the offsetting changes in fair value of the debt being hedged.

Equity Collars

We used an equity collar on four million shares of our Bank of America (“BOA”) stock holdings.  The equity collar is structured such that we purchased a put option on the BOA stock and simultaneously sold a call option with the identical maturity date as the put option.  This effectively protects us from a price decline in the stock while allowing us to participate in some of the upside if the BOA stock appreciates over the time of the transaction.  With the equity collar in place, we are able to pledge the BOA stock as collateral, which then allows us to advance a substantial portion of the stock’s value, effectively monetizing the stock for liquidity purposes.  This variable forward contract is scheduled to settle in September 2010, at which time we will be required to deliver shares or cash.  If we chose to settle in shares, the number of shares to be delivered will be determined based on the volume-weighted average price of BOA common stock over a period of ten trading days prior to settlement.  The change in fair value of the equity collar is recorded on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) as specified in the table above in the period of change, along with the offsetting changes (when applicable) in fair value of the stock being hedged.

Derivative Instruments Designated and Qualifying as a Net Investment in Foreign Subsidiary

We use foreign currency forward contracts to hedge a portion of our net investment in our foreign subsidiary, Lincoln UK.  The foreign currency forward contracts obligate us to deliver a specified amount of currency at a future date at a specified exchange rate.  The foreign currency forward contracts outstanding as of December 31, 2008, were terminated on February 5, 2009.  The gain on the termination of the foreign currency forward contract of $38 million was recorded in OCI.  During 2009, we entered into foreign currency forward contracts to hedge a significant portion of the foreign currency fluctuations associated with the expected proceeds from the sale of Lincoln UK.

Embedded Derivative Instruments Designated and Qualifying as Hedging Instruments

Deferred Compensation Plans

We have certain deferred compensation plans that have embedded derivative instruments.  The liability related to these plans varies based on the investment options selected by the participants.  The liability related to certain investment options selected by the participants is marked-to-market through net income on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).

Remaining Guaranteed Interest and Similar Contracts

We distribute indexed annuity contracts which permit the holder to elect an interest rate return or an equity market component, where interest credited to the contracts is linked to the performance of the S&P 500.  This feature represents an embedded derivative under SFAS 133.  Contract holders may elect to re-balance index options at renewal dates, either annually or biannually.  At each renewal date, we have the opportunity to re-price the indexed component by establishing participation rates, subject to minimum guarantees.  We purchase S&P 500 call options that are highly correlated to the portfolio allocation decisions of our contract holders, such that we are economically hedged with respect to equity returns for the current reset period.  The mark-to-market of the options held generally offsets the change in value of the embedded derivative within the indexed annuity, both of which are recorded on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) as specified in the table above.

GLBs Accounted for Under SFAS 157/SFAS 133
 
We have certain variable annuity products with GWB and GIB features that are embedded derivatives.  Certain features of these guarantees, notably our GIB and 4LATER® features, have elements of both insurance benefits accounted for under Statement of Position 03-1, “Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises for Certain Nontraditional Long-Duration Contracts and for Separate Accounts” (“SOP 03-1”) and embedded derivatives accounted for under SFAS 133 and SFAS 157.  We weight these features and their associated reserves accordingly based on their hybrid nature.  The change in estimated fair value of the embedded derivatives flows through our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) as specified in the table above.  As of June 30, 2009, we had $18.0 billion of account values that were attributable to variable annuities with a GWB feature and $7.7 billion of account values that were attributable to variable annuities with a GIB feature.

 
30

 

We use a hedging strategy designed to mitigate the risk and income statement volatility caused by changes in the equity markets, interest rates and volatility associated with GWB and GIB features.  The hedging strategy is designed such that changes in the value of the hedge contracts due to changes in equity markets, interest rates and implied volatilities move in the opposite direction of changes in the value of the embedded derivative of the GWB and GIB caused by those same factors.  As part of our current hedging program, equity markets, interest rates and volatility in market conditions are monitored on a daily basis. We re-balance our hedge positions based upon changes in these factors as needed.  While we actively manage our hedge positions, these hedge positions may not be totally effective in offsetting changes in the embedded derivative due to, among other things, differences in timing between when a market exposure changes and corresponding changes to the hedge positions, extreme swings in the equity markets and interest rates, market volatility, contract holder behavior, divergence between the performance of the underlying funds and the hedging indices, divergence between the actual and expected performance of the hedge instruments and our ability to purchase hedging instruments at prices consistent with our desired risk and return trade-off.

Reinsurance Related Derivative Assets (Liabilities)

We have certain modified coinsurance (“Modco”) and coinsurance with funds withheld (“CFW”) reinsurance arrangements with embedded derivatives related to the withheld assets of the related funds.  These derivatives are considered total return swaps with contractual returns that are attributable to various assets and liabilities associated with these reinsurance arrangements.  Changes in the estimated fair value of these derivatives are recorded on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) as specified in the table above as they occur.  Offsetting these amounts are corresponding changes in the estimated fair value of trading securities in portfolios that support these arrangements.  During the first quarter of 2009, the portion of the embedded derivative liability related to the funds withheld nature of our disability income business was released due to the rescission of the underlying reinsurance agreement.  See Note 11 for additional details.

Derivative Instruments Not Designated and Not Qualifying as Hedging Instruments
 
We use various other derivative instruments for risk management and income generation purposes that either do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment or have not currently been designated by us for hedge accounting treatment.

Interest Rate Cap Agreements

Interest rate cap agreements entitle us to receive quarterly payments from the counterparties on specified future reset dates, contingent on future interest rates.  For each cap, the amount of such quarterly payments, if any, is determined by the excess of a market interest rate over a specified cap rate, multiplied by the notional amount divided by four.  The purpose of our interest rate cap agreement program is to provide a level of protection from the effect of rising interest rates for our annuity business, within our Retirement Solutions – Annuities and Retirement Solutions – Defined Contribution segments.  The interest rate cap agreements provide an economic hedge of the annuity line of business.  However, the interest rate cap agreements do not qualify for hedge accounting under SFAS 133.

Interest Rate Futures and Equity Futures

We use interest rate futures and equity futures contracts to hedge the liability exposure on certain options in variable annuity products.  These futures contracts require payment between our counterparty and us on a daily basis for changes in the futures index price.  Cash settlements on the change in market value of financial futures contracts, along with the resulting gains or losses, are recorded on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) as specified in the table above.

Interest Rate Swap Agreements

We use interest rate swap agreements to hedge the liability exposure on certain options in variable annuity products.  The change in market value and periodic cash settlements are recorded on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) as specified in the table above.

Foreign Currency Forward Contracts

We use foreign currency forward contracts to hedge dividends received from our U.K.-based subsidiary, Lincoln UK.  The foreign currency forward contracts obligate us to deliver a specified amount of currency at a future date and a specified exchange rate.  The contract does not qualify for hedge accounting under SFAS 133; therefore, all gains or losses on the foreign currency forward contracts are recorded on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) as specified in the table above.

 
31

 

Credit Default Swaps

We buy credit default swaps to hedge against a drop in bond prices due to credit concerns of certain bond issuers.  A credit default swap allows us to put the bond back to the counterparty at par upon a default event by the bond issuer.  A default event is defined as bankruptcy, failure to pay, obligation acceleration or restructuring.  Our credit default swaps are not currently qualified for hedge accounting under SFAS 133, as amounts are insignificant.
 
We also sell credit default swaps to offer credit protection to investors.  The credit default swaps hedge the investor against a drop in bond prices due to credit concerns of certain bond issuers.  A credit default swap allows the investor to put the bond back to us at par upon a default event by the bond issuer.  A default event is defined as bankruptcy, failure to pay, obligation acceleration or restructuring.

Information related to our open credit default swaps for which we are the seller (in millions) as of June 30, 2009, was as follows:

   
Reason
   
Nature
   
Credit
         
Maximum
 
   
for
   
of
   
Rating of
   
Fair
   
Potential
 
Maturity
 
Entering
   
Recourse
   
Counterparty
   
Value (1)
   
Payout
 
                               
3/20/2010
    (2)     (4)   A2/A     $ -     $ 10  
6/20/2010
    (2)      (4)     A1/A       -       10  
12/20/2012
     (3)      (4)  
Aa2/A+
      -       10  
12/20/2012
    (3)      (4)  
Aa2/A+
      1       10  
12/20/2012
     (3)      (4)     A1/A       -       10  
12/20/2012
     (3)      (4)     A1/A       -       10  
12/20/2016
     (3)      (4)     A2/A (5)     8       15  
12/20/2016
     (3)      (4)     A2/A (5)     9       24  
12/20/2016
     (3)      (4)     A2/A (5)     9       24  
3/20/2017
     (3)      (4)     A2/A (5)     10       22  
3/20/2017
     (3)      (4)     A2/A (5)     11       14  
3/20/2017
     (3)      (4)     A2/A (5)     7       18  
3/20/2017
     (3)      (4)     A2/A (5)     13       18  
3/20/2017
     (3)      (4)     A2/A (5)     6       17  
                            $ 74     $ 212  
 
(1)
Broker quotes are used to determine the market value of credit default swaps.
(2)
Credit default swap was entered into in order to generate income by providing protection on a highly rated basket of securities in return for a quarterly payment.
(3)
Credit default swap was entered into in order to generate income by providing default protection in return for a quarterly payment.
(4)
Seller does not have the right to demand indemnification/compensation from third parties in case of a loss (payment) on the contract.
(5)
These credit default swaps were sold to a counter party of the issuing special purpose trust as discussed in the “Credit-Linked Notes” section in Note 5.

Details underlying the associated collateral of our open credit default swaps for which we are the seller as of June 30, 2009, if credit risk related contingent features were triggered (in millions) were as follows:
 
Maximum potential payout
  $ 212  
Less:
       
Collateral posted to date
    48  
Counterparty thresholds
    30  
Maximum collateral potentially required to post
  $ 134  



 
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Total Return Swaps

We use total return swaps to hedge a portion of the liability related to our deferred compensation plans.  We receive the total return on a portfolio of indexes and pay a floating rate of interest.  Cash settlements on the change in market value of the total return swaps along with the resulting gains or losses recorded on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) as specified in the table above.
 
Put Options

We use put options to hedge the liability exposure on certain options in variable annuity products.  Put options are contracts that require counterparties to pay us at a specified future date the amount, if any, by which a specified equity index is less than the strike rate stated in the agreement, applied to a notional amount.  The change in market value of the put options along with the resulting gains or losses on terminations and expirations are recorded on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) as specified in the table above.

Call Options (Based on LNC Stock)

We use call options on our stock to hedge the expected increase in liabilities arising from SARs granted on our stock.  Call options hedging vested SARs are not eligible for hedge accounting treatment under SFAS 133.  Mark-to-market changes are recorded on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) as specified in the table above.

Call Options (Based on S&P 500)

We use indexed annuity contracts to permit the holder to elect an interest rate return or an equity market component, where interest credited to the contracts is linked to the performance of the S&P 500.  Contract holders may elect to re-balance index options at renewal dates, either annually or biannually.  At each renewal date, we have the opportunity to re-price the indexed component by establishing participation rates, subject to minimum guarantees.  We purchase call options that are highly correlated to the portfolio allocation decisions of our contract holders, such that we are economically hedged with respect to equity returns for the current reset period.  The mark-to-market of the options held generally offsets the change in value of the embedded derivative within the indexed annuity, both of which are recorded on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) as specified in the table above.

Variance Swaps

We use variance swaps to hedge the liability exposure on certain options in variable annuity products.  Variance swaps are contracts entered into at no cost and whose payoff is the difference between the realized variance of an underlying index and the fixed variance rate determined at inception.  The change in market value and resulting gains and losses on terminations and expirations are recorded on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) as specified in the table above.

Currency Futures

We use currency futures to hedge foreign exchange risk associated with certain options in variable annuity products.  Currency futures exchange one currency for another at a specified date in the future at a specified exchange rate.  These contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting under SFAS 133; therefore, all cash settlements along with the resulting gains or losses are recorded on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) as specified in the table above.

AFS Securities Embedded Derivatives

We own various debt securities that either contain call options to exchange the debt security for other specified securities of the borrower, usually common stock, or contain call options to receive the return on equity-like indexes.  These embedded derivatives have not been qualified for hedge accounting treatment under SFAS 133; therefore, the change in fair value of the embedded derivatives flows through our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) as specified in the table above.


 
33

 

Credit Risk
 
We are exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by our counterparties on various derivative contracts and reflect assumptions regarding the credit or nonperformance risk.  The nonperformance risk is based upon assumptions for each counterparty’s credit spread over the estimated weighted average life of the counterparty exposure less collateral held.  As of June 30, 2009, the nonperformance risk adjustment was $15 million.  The credit risk associated with such agreements is minimized by purchasing such agreements from financial institutions with long-standing, superior performance records.  Additionally, we maintain a policy of requiring all derivative contracts to be governed by an International Swaps and Derivatives Association (“ISDA”) Master Agreement.  We are required to maintain minimum ratings as a matter of routine practice in negotiating ISDA agreements.  Under some ISDA agreements, our insurance subsidiaries have agreed to maintain certain financial strength or claims-paying ratings.  A downgrade below these levels could result in termination of the derivatives contract, at which time any amounts payable by us would be dependent on the market value of the underlying derivative contract.  In certain transactions, we and the counterparty have entered into a collateral support agreement requiring either party to post collateral when net exposures exceed pre-determined thresholds.  These thresholds vary by counterparty and credit rating.  We do not believe the inclusion of termination or collateralization events pose any material threat to the liquidity position of any insurance subsidiary of the Company.  The amount of such exposure is essentially the net replacement cost or market value less collateral held for such agreements with each counterparty if the net market value is in our favor.  As of June 30, 2009, the exposure was $285 million.

The amounts recognized (in millions) by S&P credit rating of counterparty as of June 30, 2009, for which we had the right to reclaim cash collateral or were obligated to return cash collateral, were as follows:
 
     
Collateral
   
Collateral
 
     
Posted by
   
Posted by
 
Credit
   
Counterparty
   
LNC
 
Rating of
   
(Held by
   
(Held by
 
Counterparty
   
LNC)
   
Counterparty)
 
               
AAA
    $ 9     $ -  
AA
      120       -  
AA-
      209       (6 )
 A+       259       (8 )
 A       355       (97 )
        $ 952     $ (111 )


7.  Federal Income Taxes
 
The effective tax rate is a ratio of tax expense over pre-tax income (loss).  Because the pre-tax loss of $42 million resulted in a tax benefit of $41 million for the three months ended June 30, 2009, the effective tax rate was not meaningful.  The effective tax rate was 38% for the three months ended June 30, 2008.  The effective tax rate on pre-tax income (loss) from continuing operations was lower than the prevailing corporate federal income tax rate. Differences in the effective rates and the U.S. statutory rate of 35% during the second quarters of 2009 and 2008 were the result of certain tax preferred investment income, separate account dividends-received deduction (“DRD”), foreign tax credits and other tax preference items.
 
Federal income tax benefit for the second quarter and first six months of 2009 included an increase of $56 million related to favorable adjustments from the 2008 tax return, filed in the first quarter of 2009, primarily relating to the separate account DRD, foreign tax credits and other tax preference items.
 
The application of GAAP requires us to evaluate the recoverability of our deferred tax assets and establish a valuation allowance if necessary, to reduce our deferred tax asset to an amount that is more likely than not to be realizable.  Considerable judgment and the use of estimates are required in determining whether a valuation allowance is necessary, and if so, the amount of such valuation allowance.  In evaluating the need for a valuation allowance, we consider many factors, including: the nature and character of the deferred tax assets and liabilities; taxable income in prior carryback years; future reversals of temporary differences; the length of time carryovers can be utilized; and any tax planning strategies we would employ to avoid a tax benefit from expiring unused.  Although realization is not assured, management believes it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets, including our capital loss deferred tax asset, will be realized.

 
34

 

 
Our net deferred tax asset position is primarily due to a deferred tax benefit associated with net unrealized capital losses on available for sale securities that have been recognized in OCI for financial statement purposes but are not recognized for tax return purposes.  As a result, our analysis of the recoverability of our net deferred tax asset position is focused primarily on this deferred tax benefit.  Under current U.S. federal income tax law, capital losses generally must be used against capital gain income within the next five years following the year in which the capital losses are recognized for tax purposes.  Capital losses can also be carried back three years to offset capital gains generated in prior tax years. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance related to unrealized capital losses, we consider tax planning strategies that include holding debt securities with market value losses until maturity or recovery, selling appreciated securities to generate capital gains to offset capital losses, and sales of certain corporate assets.  Such tax planning strategies are viewed by management as prudent and feasible and will be implemented if necessary to realize the deferred tax asset.
 
As of June 30, 2009, there have been no material changes to the balance of unrecognized tax benefits reported at December 31, 2008.  We anticipate a change to our unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months in the range of none to $53 million.
 
We recognize interest and penalties, if any, accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of tax expense.
 
In the normal course of business we are subject to examination by taxing authorities throughout the United States and the United Kingdom.  At any given time, we may be under examination by state, local or non-U.S. income tax authorities.

8.  Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill (in millions) by reportable segment were as follows:
 
   
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2009
 
   
Balance At
   
Purchase
         
Balance
 
   
Beginning-
   
Accounting
         
At End-
 
   
of-Year
   
Adjustments
   
Impairment
   
of-Period
 
Retirement Solutions:
                       
Annuities
  $ 1,040     $ -     $ (600 )   $ 440  
Defined Contribution
    20       -       -       20  
Insurance Solutions:
                               
Life Insurance
    2,188       -       -       2,188  
Group Protection
    274       -       -       274  
Investment Management
    248       -       -       248  
Other Operations
    174       2       (2 )     174  
Total goodwill
  $ 3,944     $ 2     $ (602 )   $ 3,344  
 
We performed a Step 1 goodwill impairment analysis on all of our reporting units as of March 31, 2009.  The Step 1 analysis for Insurance Solutions – Life and Retirement Solutions – Annuities reporting units utilized primarily a discounted cash flow valuation technique.  In determining the estimated fair value of these reporting units, we incorporated consideration of discounted cash flow calculations, the level of our own share price and assumptions that market participants would make in valuing these reporting units.  Our fair value estimations were based primarily on an in-depth analysis of projected future cash flows and relevant discount rates, which considered market participant inputs (“income approach”).  The discounted cash flow analysis required us to make judgments about revenues, earnings projections, capital market assumptions and discount rates.  For our other reporting units, we used other available information including market data obtained through strategic reviews and other analysis to support our Step 1 conclusions.

All of our reporting units passed the Step 1 analysis, except for our Retirement Solutions – Annuities reporting unit, which required a Step 2 analysis to be completed.  In our Step 2 analysis, we estimated the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill as determined by allocating the reporting unit’s fair value determined in Step 1 to all of its net assets (recognized and unrecognized) as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination at the date of the impairment test.

Based upon our Step 2 analysis, we recorded goodwill impairment for the Retirement Solutions – Annuities reporting unit in the first quarter of 2009, which was attributable primarily to higher discount rates driven by higher debt costs and equity market volatility, deterioration in sales and declines in equity markets. There were no indicators of impairment as of June 30, 2009, due primarily to the continued improvement in the equity markets and lower discount rates.

For our acquisition of NCLS, we are in the process of finalizing the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date.  As such, these values are subject to change.  During the first six months of 2009, we impaired the estimated goodwill that arose from the acquisition after giving consideration to the expected financial performance and other relevant factors of this business.

 
35

 

9.  Guaranteed Benefit Features

We issue variable annuity contracts through our separate accounts for which investment income and investment gains and losses accrue directly to, and investment risk is borne by, the contract holder (traditional variable annuities).  We also issue variable annuity and life contracts through separate accounts that include various types of guaranteed death benefit (“GDB”), guaranteed withdrawal benefit (“GWB”) and guaranteed income benefit (“GIB”) features.  The GDB features include those where we contractually guarantee to the contract holder either:  return of no less than total deposits made to the contract less any partial withdrawals (“return of net deposits”); total deposits made to the contract less any partial withdrawals plus a minimum return (“minimum return”); or the highest contract value on any contract anniversary date through age 80 minus any payments or withdrawals following the contract anniversary (“anniversary contract value”).

Certain features of these guarantees are considered embedded derivatives and are recorded in future contract benefits on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value under SFAS 133 and SFAS 157 (see Note 16 for details).  Other guarantees that are not considered embedded derivatives meet the criteria as insurance benefits and are accounted for under the valuation techniques included in SOP 03-1.  Still other guarantees contain characteristics of both an embedded derivative and an insurance benefit and are accounted for under an approach that weights these features and their associated reserves accordingly based on their hybrid nature.  We use derivative instruments to hedge our exposure to the risks and earnings volatility that result from the embedded derivatives for living benefits in certain of our variable annuity products.  The change in fair value of these instruments tends to move in the opposite direction of the change in fair value of the embedded derivatives.  The net impact of these changes is reported as guaranteed living benefits (“GLB”), which is reported as a component of realized loss on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).

The "market consistent scenarios" used in the determination of the fair value of GWB liability are similar to those used by an investment bank to value derivatives for which the pricing is not transparent and the aftermarket is nonexistent or illiquid.  In our calculation, risk-neutral Monte-Carlo simulations resulting in over 10 million scenarios are utilized to value the entire block of guarantees.  The market consistent scenario assumptions, at each valuation date, are those we view to be appropriate for a hypothetical market participant.  The market consistent inputs include assumptions for the capital markets (e.g. implied volatilities, correlation among indices, risk-free swap curve, etc.), policyholder behavior (e.g. policy lapse, benefit utilization, mortality, etc.), risk margins, administrative expenses and a margin for profit.  We believe these assumptions are consistent with those that would be used by a market participant; however, as the related markets develop we will continue to reassess our assumptions.  It is possible that different valuation techniques and assumptions could produce a materially different estimate of fair value.

Information on the GDB features outstanding (dollars in millions) was as follows (our variable contracts with guarantees may offer more than one type of guarantee in each contract; therefore, the amounts listed are not mutually exclusive):
 
   
As of
   
As of
 
   
June 30,
   
December 31,
 
   
2009
   
2008
 
Return of Net Deposits
           
Total account value
  $ 37,386     $ 33,907  
Net amount at risk (1)
    4,689       6,337  
Average attained age of contract holders
 
57 years
   
56 years
 
Minimum Return
               
Total account value
  $ 195     $ 191  
Net amount at risk (1)
    94       109  
Average attained age of contract holders
 
69 years
   
68 years
 
Guaranteed minimum return
    5 %     5 %
Anniversary Contract Value
               
Total account value
  $ 18,203     $ 16,950  
Net amount at risk (1)
    6,954       8,402  
Average attained age of contract holders
 
65 years
   
65 years
 
 
(1)
Represents the amount of death benefit in excess of the account balance.  The decrease in net amount at risk when comparing June 30, 2009, to December 31, 2008, was attributable primarily to the rise in equity markets and associated increase in the account values.


 
36

 

The determination of GDB liabilities is based on models that involve a range of scenarios and assumptions, including those regarding expected market rates of return and volatility, contract surrender rates and mortality experience.  The following summarizes the balances of and changes in the liabilities for GDB (in millions), which were recorded in future contract benefits on our Consolidated Balance Sheets:   
 
   
For the Six
 
   
Months Ended
 
   
June 30,
 
   
2009
   
2008
 
Balance as of beginning-of-year
  $ 277     $ 38  
Change in reserves
    24       25  
Benefits paid
    (119 )     (11 )
Balance as of end-of-period
  $ 182     $ 52  

Account balances of variable annuity contracts with guarantees (in millions) were invested in separate account investment options as follows:
 
     
As of
     
As of
     
June 30,
     
December 31,
     
2009
     
2008
Asset Type
             
Domestic equity
  $
26,948
    $
24,878
International equity
   
 10,216
     
 9,204
Bonds
   
 7,821
     
 6,701
Money market
   
 5,669
     
 5,802
Total
  $
50,654
    $
46,585
               
Percent of total variable annuity separate account values
97%
     
99%
 
Future contract benefits also include reserves for our products with secondary guarantees for our products sold through our Insurance Solutions – Life Insurance segment.  These UL and VUL products with secondary guarantees represented approximately 38% of permanent life insurance in force as of June 30, 2009 and approximately 67% and 70% of sales for these products for three and six months ended June 30, 2009.


 
37

 
10.  Long-Term Debt

Changes in long-term debt, excluding current portion (in millions), were as follows:

   
For the
 
   
Six
 
   
Months
 
   
Ended
 
   
June 30,
 
   
2009
 
Balance as of beginning-of-year
  $ 4,731  
Early extinguishment of the following capital securities:
       
Portion of 7%, due 2066 (1)
    (78 )
Portion of 6.05%, due 2067 (2)
    (9 )
Senior notes issued (3)
    495  
Maturity of LIBOR + 11 bps notes, due 2009
    (500 )
Reclassification to short-term debt
    250  
Change in fair value hedge
    (116 )
Accretion (amortization) of discounts (premiums), net
    2  
Balance as of end-of-period
  $ 4,775  
 
(1)
The results of the extinguishment of debt were favorable by a ratio of 25 cents to one dollar.
(2)
The results of the extinguishment of debt were favorable by a ratio of 23 cents to one dollar.
(3)
On June 22, 2009, we issued 8.75% fixed rate senior notes due 2019.  We have the option to repurchase the outstanding notes by paying the greater of (i) 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed and (ii) the make-whole amount, plus in each case any accrued and unpaid interest at the date of redemption.  The make-whole amount is equal to the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments on the senior notes, discounted to the date of redemption on a semi-annual basis, at a rate equal to the sum of the applicable treasury rate (as defined in the senior notes) plus 50 basis points.

Details underlying the recognition of a gain on the extinguishment of debt (in millions) reported within interest expense on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) were as follows:

   
For the
 
   
Three
 
   
Months
 
   
Ended
 
   
March 31,
 
   
2009
 
Principal balance outstanding prior to payoff
  $ 87  
Unamortized debt issuance costs and discounts prior to payoff
      (1)  
Amount paid to retire
    (22 )
Gain on extinguishment of debt, pre-tax
  $ 64  
 

 
38

 
11.  Contingencies and Commitments

Regulatory and Litigation Matters

In the ordinary course of its business, LNC and its subsidiaries are involved in various pending or threatened legal proceedings, including purported class actions, arising from the conduct of business.  In some instances, these proceedings include claims for unspecified or substantial punitive damages and similar types of relief in addition to amounts for alleged contractual liability or requests for equitable relief.  After consultation with legal counsel and a review of available facts, it is management’s opinion that these proceedings, after consideration of any reserves and rights to indemnification, ultimately will be resolved without materially affecting the consolidated financial position of LNC.  However, given the large and indeterminate amounts sought in certain of these proceedings and the inherent difficulty in predicting the outcome of such legal proceedings, including the proceeding described below, it is possible that an adverse outcome in certain matters could be material to our operating results for any particular reporting period.

Transamerica Investment Management, LLC and Transamerica Investments Services, Inc. v. Delaware Management Holdings, Inc. (dba Delaware Investments), Delaware Investment Advisers and certain individuals, was filed in the San Francisco County Superior Court on April 28, 2005.  The plaintiffs are seeking substantial compensatory and punitive damages.  The complaint alleges breach of fiduciary duty, breach of duty of loyalty, breach of contract, breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, unfair competition, interference with prospective economic advantage, conversion, unjust enrichment and conspiracy, in connection with Delaware Investment Advisers’ hiring of a portfolio management team from the plaintiffs.  We and the individual defendants dispute the allegations and are vigorously defending these actions.

Contingencies

Rescission of Indemnity Reinsurance for Disability Income Business

Included in the business sold to Swiss Re through indemnity reinsurance in 2001 was disability income business.  In response to the rescission award of a panel of arbitrators on January 24, 2009, of the underlying reinsurance agreement with Swiss Re, we wrote down our reinsurance recoverable and the corresponding funds withheld liability and released the embedded derivative liability related to the funds withheld nature of the reinsurance agreement.  The rescission resulted in our being responsible for paying claims on the business and establishing sufficient reserves to support the liabilities.  In addition, we would expect to carry out a review of the adequacy of the reserves supporting the liabilities.  The rescission did not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, liquidity or capital resources.  We are evaluating our options in light of the ruling by a panel of arbitrators.

For the three months ended March 31, 2009, an unfavorable adjustment of $64 million, after-tax, was reflected in segment income from operations within Other Operations, comprised of increases of $78 million to benefits, $15 million to interest credited and $5 million to underwriting, acquisition, insurance and other expenses, partially offset by a tax benefit of $34 million.  In addition, during the first three months of 2009, the embedded derivative liability release discussed above increased net income by approximately $31 million.  The combined adjustments reduced net income by approximately $33 million, after-tax.  In addition, as a result of the rescission we reduced our reinsurance recoverables by approximately $900 million related to the reserves for the disability income business and a reduction of approximately $840 million in the funds withheld liability.


 
39

 
12.  Shares and Stockholders’ Equity

The changes in our preferred and common stock (number of shares) were as follows:
 
   
For the Three
   
For the Six
 
   
Months Ended
   
Months Ended
 
   
June 30,
   
June 30,
 
   
2009
   
2008
   
2009
   
2008
 
Series A Preferred Stock
                       
Balance as of beginning-of-period
    11,565       11,662       11,565       11,960  
Conversion into common stock
    (8 )     -       (8 )     (298 )
Balance as of end-of-period
    11,557       11,662       11,557       11,662  
                                 
Common Stock
                               
Balance as of beginning-of-period
    256,046,103       259,206,033       255,869,859       264,233,303  
Common stock issued (1)
    46,000,000       -       46,000,000       -  
Conversion of Series A preferred stock
    128       -       128       4,768  
Stock compensation/issued for benefit plans
    50,610       317,987       246,769       758,723  
Retirement of common stock/cancellation of shares
    (3,824 )     (2,722,398 )     (23,739 )     (8,195,172 )
Balance as of end-of-period
    302,093,017       256,801,622       302,093,017       256,801,622  
                                 
Common stock as of end-of-period:
                               
Assuming conversion of preferred stock
    302,277,929       256,988,214       302,277,929       256,988,214  
Diluted basis
    304,162,403       257,825,399       304,162,403       257,825,399  

(1)
On June 22, 2009, we closed on the issuance and sale of 40,000,000 shares of common stock and on June 25, 2009, we closed on the issuance and sale of 6,000,000 shares of common stock, both at a price of $15.00 per shares.

Our common and Series A preferred stocks are without par value.

A reconciliation of the denominator (number of shares) in the calculations of basic and diluted net income and income from operations per share was as follows:

   
For the Three
   
For the Six
 
   
Months Ended
   
Months Ended
 
   
June 30,
   
June 30,
 
   
2009
   
2008
   
2009
   
2008
 
Weighted-average shares, as used in basic calculation
    260,085,214       257,785,473       257,834,591       259,368,519  
Shares to cover conversion of preferred stock
    184,970       186,592       185,005       187,824  
Shares to cover non-vested stock
    503,548       273,307       504,397       256,615  
Average stock options outstanding during the period
    294,415       9,199,383       154,634       9,596,842  
Assumed acquisition of shares with assumed
                               
proceeds and benefits from exercising stock
                               
options (at average market price for the year)
    (223,683 )     (8,998,441 )     (117,648 )     (9,411,397 )
Shares repurchaseable from measured but
                               
unrecognized stock option expense
    (4,433 )     (100,707 )     (3,450 )     (85,157 )
Average deferred compensation shares
    1,573,741       1,271,413       1,556,369       1,277,542  
Weighted-average shares, as used in diluted calculation (1)
    262,413,772       259,617,020       260,113,898       261,190,788  

(1)
As a result of a loss from continuing operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, shares used in the earnings (loss) per share calculation represent basic shares, since using diluted shares would have been anti-dilutive to the calculation.


 
40

 
In the event the average market price of LNC common stock exceeds the issue price of stock options, such options would be dilutive to our earnings per share (“EPS”) and will be shown in the table above.  Participants in our deferred compensation plans that select LNC stock for measuring the investment return attributable to their deferral amounts will be paid out in LNC stock.  The obligation to satisfy these deferred compensation plan liabilities is dilutive and is shown in the table above.

The income used in the calculation of our diluted EPS is our income before cumulative effect of accounting change and net income, reduced by minority interest adjustments related to outstanding stock options under the Delaware Investments U.S., Inc. (“DIUS”) stock option incentive plan of less than $1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008.

OCI

The following summarizes the changes in OCI (in millions):
 
                         
   
For the Six Months
   
For the Six Months
 
   
Ended June 30, 2009
   
Ended June 30, 2008
 
   
Pre-Tax
   
Tax
   
Net
   
Pre-Tax
   
Tax
   
Net
 
Net unrealized gain (loss) on AFS
  $ 2,005     $ (716 )   $ 1,289     $ (1,593 )   $ 568     $ (1,025 )
Unrealized OTTI on AFS
    (154 )     54       (100 )     -       -       -  
Net unrealized loss on derivative instruments
    (70 )     (3 )     (73 )     (17 )     5       (12 )
Foreign currency translation adjustment
    135       (49 )     86       3       (1 )     2  
Funded status of employee benefit plans
    (6 )     2       (4 )     3       (1 )     2  
Total OCI
  $ 1,910     $ (712 )   $ 1,198     $ (1,604 )   $ 571     $ (1,033 )

13.  Realized Loss

Details underlying realized loss (in millions) reported on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) were as follows:
   
 
For the Three
   
For the Six
 
   
Months Ended
   
Months Ended
 
   
June 30,
   
June 30,
 
   
2009
   
2008
   
2009
   
2008
 
Total realized loss on investments and certain
                       
derivative instruments, excluding trading securities (1)
  $ (158 )   $ (117 )   $ (308 )   $ (158 )
Gain (loss) on certain reinsurance derivative/trading securities (2)
    (9 )     1       12       2  
Indexed annuity net derivative results (3):
                               
Gross gain
    9       3       10       11  
Associated amortization expense of DAC, VOBA, DSI and DFEL
    (6 )     (1 )     (6 )     (6 )
Guaranteed living benefits (4):
                               
Gross gain (loss)
    (140 )     20       (235 )     38  
Associated amortization benefit (expense) of DAC, VOBA, DSI and DFEL
    2       (8 )     (18 )     (27 )
Guaranteed death benefits (5):
                               
Gross gain (loss)
    (164 )     -       (105 )     2  
Associated amortization benefit (expense) of DAC, VOBA, DSI and DFEL
    22       -       14       (1 )
Gain on sale of subsidiaries/businesses
    3       2       5       4  
Total realized loss
  $ (441 )   $ (100 )   $ (631 )   $ (135 )
 
 
 
41

 

(1)
See “Realized Loss Related to Investments” section in Note 5.
(2)
Represents changes in the fair value of total return swaps (embedded derivatives) related to various modified coinsurance and coinsurance with funds withheld reinsurance arrangements that have contractual returns related to various assets and liabilities associated with these arrangements.  Changes in the fair value of these derivatives are offset by the change in fair value of trading securities in the portfolios that support these arrangements.
(3)
Represents the net difference between the change in the fair value of the S&P 500 call options that we hold and the change in the fair value of the embedded derivative liabilities of our indexed annuity products along with changes in the fair value of embedded derivative liabilities related to index call options we may purchase in the future to hedge contract holder index allocations applicable to future reset periods for our indexed annuity products as required under SFAS 133, amended by SFAS 161 and 157.  The six months ended June 30, 2008, includes a $10 million gain from the initial impact of adopting SFAS 157.
(4)
Represents the net difference in the change in fair value of the embedded derivative liabilities of our GLB products and the change in the fair value of the derivative instruments we own to hedge, including the cost of purchasing the hedging instruments.  The six months ended June 30, 2008, includes a $34 million loss from the initial impact of adopting SFAS 157.
(5)
Represents the change in the fair value of the derivatives used to hedge our GDB riders.
 
14.  Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
 
The components of net defined benefit pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan expense (in millions) were as follows:

   
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
   
Pension Benefits
   
Other
Postretirement Benefits
 
   
2009
   
2008
   
2009
   
2008
 
U.S. Plans
                       
Service cost
  $ 1     $ -     $ 1     $ 1  
Interest cost
    15       15       2       2  
Expected return on plan assets
    (14 )     (20 )     (1 )     -  
Recognized net actuarial (gain) loss
    7       -       -       (1 )
Net periodic benefit expense (recovery)
  $ 9     $ (5 )   $ 2     $ 2  
 
   
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
   
Pension Benefits
   
Other
Postretirement Benefits
 
   
2009
   
2008
   
2009
   
2008
 
U.S. Plans
                       
Service cost
  $ 2     $ -     $ 2     $ 1  
Interest cost
    31       30       4       4  
Expected return on plan assets
    (28 )     (39 )     (1 )     (1 )
Recognized net actuarial (gain) loss
    14       1       (1 )     (1 )
Net periodic benefit expense (recovery)
  $ 19     $ (8 )   $ 4     $ 3  
 
15.  Stock-Based Incentive Compensation Plans

We sponsor various incentive plans for our employees, agents, directors and our subsidiaries that provide for the issuance of stock options, stock incentive awards, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units (“performance shares”) and deferred stock units.  DIUS has a separate stock-based incentive compensation plan, which has DIUS stock underlying the awards.

In the second quarter of 2009, a performance period from 2009-2011 was approved for our executive officers by the Compensation Committee.  The award for executive officers participating in this performance period consists of LNC restricted stock units representing approximately 27%, LNC stock options representing approximately 40% and performance cash awards representing approximately 33% of the total award.  LNC stock options granted for this performance period vest ratably over the three-year period, based solely on a service condition.  DIUS restricted stock units granted for this performance period vest ratably over a four-year period, based solely on a service condition and were granted only to employees of DIUS.  Under the 2009-2011 plan, a total of 618,312 LNC stock options were granted; 243,313 DIUS restricted stock units were granted; and 477,257 LNC restricted stock units were granted during the six months ended June 30, 2009.  See Note 19 for information regarding certain restrictions that have arisen subsequent to June 30, 2009, which may impact our stock-based incentive plans.

 
42

 

In addition to the stock-based grants noted above, various other LNC stock-based awards were granted in the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, which are summarized as follows:

   
For the
   
For the
 
   
Three
   
Six
 
   
Months
   
Months
 
   
Ended
   
Ended
 
   
June 30,
   
June 30,
 
   
2009
   
2009
 
Awards
           
10-year LNC stock options
    487,593       487,593  
Non-employee director stock options
    39,240       84,901  
Non-employee agent stock options
    130,719       130,719  
Restricted stock
    477,257       579,053  
Performance shares
    -       48,840  
Stock appreciation rights
    117,451       117,451  
 
16.  Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying values and estimated fair values of our financial instruments (in millions) were as follows:

   
As of June 30, 2009
   
As of December 31, 2008
 
   
Carrying
   
Fair
   
Carrying
   
Fair
 
   
Value
   
Value
   
Value
   
Value
 
Assets
                       
Available-for-sale securities:
                       
Fixed maturities
  $ 55,050     $ 55,050     $ 48,141     $ 48,141  
Equity
    236       236       254       254  
Trading securities
    2,317       2,317       2,333       2,333  
Mortgage loans on real estate
    7,468       7,344       7,715       7,424  
Derivative instruments
    1,234       1,234       3,397       3,397  
Other investments
    1,187       1,187       1,624       1,624  
Cash and invested cash
    2,539       2,539       5,754       5,754  
Liabilities
                               
Future contract benefits:
                               
Remaining guaranteed interest and similar contracts
    (294 )     (294 )     (782 )     (782 )
Embedded derivative instruments - living benefits
    (1,072 )     (1,072 )     (2,904 )     (2,904 )
Other contract holder funds:
                               
Account value of certain investment contracts
    (22,887 )     (22,023 )     (21,974 )     (22,372 )
Reinsurance related derivative assets
    46       46       31       31  
Short-term debt (1)
    (455 )     (449 )     (815 )     (775 )
Long-term debt
    (4,775 )     (3,939 )     (4,731 )     (2,909 )
Off-Balance-Sheet
                               
Guarantees
    -       -       -       (1 )

 (1)
Difference between the carrying value and fair value of short-term debt as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, relate to current maturities of long-term debt.


 
43

 

Valuation Methodologies and Associated Inputs for Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value

The following discussion outlines the methodologies and assumptions used to determine the fair value of our financial instruments not carried at fair value.  Considerable judgment is required to develop these assumptions used to measure fair value.  Accordingly, the estimates shown are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that would be realized in a one-time, current market exchange of all of our financial instruments.

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate

The fair value of mortgage loans on real estate is established using a discounted cash flow method based on credit rating, maturity and future income.  The ratings for mortgages in good standing are based on property type, location, market conditions, occupancy, debt service coverage, loan to value, quality of tenancy, borrower and payment record.  The fair value for impaired mortgage loans is based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.
 
Other Investments and Cash and Invested Cash

The carrying value of our assets classified as other investments and cash and invested cash on our Consolidated Balance Sheets approximates their fair value.  Other investments include limited partnership and other privately held investments that are accounted for using the equity method of accounting.

Future Contract Benefits and Other Contract Holder Funds

Future contract benefits and other contract holder funds on our Consolidated Balance Sheets include account values of investment contracts and certain guaranteed interest contracts.  The fair value of the investment contracts is based on their approximate surrender value at the balance sheet date.  The fair value for the remaining guaranteed interest and similar contracts are estimated using discounted cash flow calculations at the balance sheet date.  These calculations are based on interest rates currently offered on similar contracts with maturities that are consistent with those remaining for the contracts being valued.

Short-term and Long-term Debt

The fair value of long-term debt is based on quoted market prices or estimated using discounted cash flow analysis determined in conjunction with our incremental borrowing rate at the balance sheet date for similar types of borrowing arrangements where quoted prices are not available.  For short-term debt, excluding current maturities of long-term debt, the carrying value approximates fair value.

Guarantees

Our guarantees relate to mortgage loan pass-through certificates.  Based on historical performance where repurchases have been negligible and the current status of the debt, none of the loans are delinquent and the fair value liability for the guarantees related to mortgage loan pass-through certificates is insignificant.

Financial Instruments Carried at Fair Value

Our measurement of fair value is based on assumptions used by market participants in pricing the asset or liability, which may include inherent risk, restrictions on the sale or use of an asset or non-performance risk, which would include our own credit risk.  Our estimate of an exchange price is the price in an orderly transaction between market participants to sell the asset or transfer the liability (“exit price”) in the principal market, or the most advantageous market in the absence of a principal market, for that asset or liability, as opposed to the price that would be paid to acquire the asset or receive a liability (“entry price”).  Pursuant to SFAS 157, we categorize our financial instruments carried at fair value into a three-level fair value hierarchy, based on the priority of inputs to the respective valuation technique.  The three-level hierarchy for fair value measurement is defined as follows:

·
Level 1 – inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices available in active markets for identical investments as of the reporting date as “blockage discounts” for large holdings of unrestricted financial instruments where quoted prices are readily and regularly available for an identical asset or liability in an active market are prohibited;
·
Level 2 – inputs to the valuation methodology are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date, and fair value can be determined through the use of models or other valuation methodologies; and
·
Level 3 – inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable inputs in situations where there is little or no market activity for the asset or liability and the reporting entity makes estimates and assumptions related to the pricing of the asset or liability, including assumptions regarding risk.

 
44

 

In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy.  In such cases, an investment’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.  Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the investment.

When a determination is made to classify an asset or liability within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, the determination is based upon the significance of the unobservable inputs to the overall fair value measurement.  Because certain securities trade in less liquid or illiquid markets with limited or no pricing information, the determination of fair value for these securities is inherently more difficult.  However, Level 3 fair value investments may include, in addition to the unobservable or Level 3 inputs, observable components, which are components that are actively quoted or can be validated to market-based sources.

We did not have any assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of June 30, 2009 or December 31, 2008, and we noted no changes in our valuation methodologies between these periods.


 
45

 

The following summarizes our financial instruments carried at fair value (in millions) on a recurring basis by the SFAS 157 fair value hierarchy levels described above:

   
As of June 30, 2009
 
   
Quoted
                   
   
Prices
                   
   
in Active
                   
   
Markets for
   
Significant
   
Significant
       
   
Identical
   
Observable
   
Unobservable
   
Total
 
   
Assets
   
Inputs
   
Inputs
   
Fair
 
   
(Level 1)
   
(Level 2)
   
(Level 3)
   
Value
 
Assets
                       
Investments:
                       
Fixed maturity AFS securities:
                       
Corporate bonds
  $ 55     $ 40,109     $ 1,991     $ 42,155  
U.S. Government bonds
    186       32       3       221  
Foreign government bonds
    -       379       100       479  
MBS:
                               
CMOs
    -       5,886       123       6,009  
MPTS
    -       1,741       154       1,895  
CMBS
    -       1,755       230       1,985  
ABS:
                               
CDOs
    -       7       110       117  
CLNs
    -       -       219       219  
State and municipal bonds
    -       -       907       907  
Hybrid and redeemable preferred stocks
    11       955       97       1,063  
Equity AFS securities:
                               
Banking securities
    19       107       -       126  
Insurance securities
    3       -       34       37  
Other financial services securities
    -       5       16       21  
Other securities
    28       1       23       52  
Trading securities
    3       2,228       86       2,317  
Derivative investments
    -       (231 )     1,465       1,234  
Cash and invested cash
    -       2,539       -       2,539  
Reinsurance related derivative assets
    -       46       -       46  
Separate account assets
    -       61,091       -       61,091  
Total assets
  $ 305     $ 116,650     $ 5,558     $ 122,513  
                                 
Liabilities
                               
Future contract benefits:
                               
Remaining guaranteed interest and similar contracts
  $ -     $ -     $ (294 )   $ (294 )
GLBs accounted for under SFAS 157/SFAS 133
    -       -       (1,072 )     (1,072 )
Total liabilities
  $ -     $ -     $ (1,366 )   $ (1,366 )


 
46

 

The following summarizes changes to our financial instruments carried at fair value (in millions) and classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.  This summary excludes any impact of amortization on DAC, VOBA, DSI and DFEL.  The gains and losses below may include changes in fair value due in part to observable inputs that are a component of the valuation methodology.

   
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2009
 
                     
Sales,
   
Transfers
       
         
Items
         
Issuances,
   
In or
       
         
Included
   
Gains
   
Maturities,
   
Out
       
   
Beginning
   
in
   
(Losses)
   
Settlements,
   
of
   
Ending
 
   
Fair
   
Net
   
in
   
Calls,
   
Level 3,
   
Fair
 
   
Value
   
Income
   
OCI
   
Net
   
Net (1)
   
Value
 
Investments:
                                   
Fixed maturity AFS securities:
                                   
Corporate bonds
  $ 2,101     $ (18 )   $ 109     $ (48 )   $ (153 )   $ 1,991  
U.S. Government bonds
    3       -       -       -       -       3  
Foreign government bonds
    58       -       (3 )     (2 )     47       100  
MBS:
                                               
CMOs
    133       (3 )     4       4       (15 )     123  
MPTS
    8       -       1       145       -       154  
CMBS
    246       1       13       (30 )     -       230  
ABS:
                                               
CDOs
    113       (32 )     46       (17 )     -       110  
CLNs
    82       -       137       -       -       219  
State and municipal bonds
    126       -       (1 )     765       17       907  
Hybrid and redeemable
                                               
preferred stocks
    88       -       6       -       3       97  
Equity AFS securities:
                                               
Insurance securities
    46       1       8       (21 )     -       34  
Other financial services securities
    12       -       4       -       -       16  
Other securities
    23       -       -       -       -       23  
Trading securities
    78       3       -       7       (2 )     86  
Derivative investments
    2,145       (510 )     (9 )     (161 )     -       1,465  
Future contract benefits:
                                               
Remaining guaranteed interest and similar contracts
    (253 )     (11 )     -       (30 )     -       (294 )
GLBs accounted for under SFAS 157/SFAS 133
    (2,605 )     1,578        -       (45      -       (1,072
Total, net
  $ 2,404     $ 1,009     $ 315     $ 567     $ (103 )   $ 4,192  

 
 
47

 


 
   
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2009
 
                     
Sales,
   
Transfers
       
         
Items
         
Issuances,
   
In or
       
         
Included
   
Gains
   
Maturities,
   
Out
       
   
Beginning
   
in
   
(Losses)
   
Settlements,
   
of
   
Ending
 
   
Fair
   
Net
   
in
   
Calls,
   
Level 3,
   
Fair
 
   
Value
   
Income
   
OCI
   
Net
   
Net (1)
   
Value
 
Investments:
                                   
Fixed maturity AFS securities:
                                   
Corporate bonds
  $ 2,356     $ (35 )   $ 74     $ (60 )   $ (344 )   $ 1,991  
U.S. Government bonds
    3       -       -       -       -       3  
Foreign government bonds
    60       -       (5 )     (3 )     48       100  
MBS:
                                               
CMOs
    161       (5 )     -       5       (38 )     123  
MPTS
    18       -       1       145       (10 )     154  
CMBS
    244       1       17       (32 )     -       230  
ABS:
                                               
CDOs
    152       (31 )     7       (18 )     -       110  
CLNs
    50       -       169       -       -       219  
State and municipal bonds
    126       -       (2 )     766       17       907  
Hybrid and redeemable
                                               
preferred stocks
    96       -       (10 )     3       8       97  
Equity AFS securities:
                                               
Insurance securities
    50       1       3       (20 )     -       34  
Other financial services securities
    21       (3 )     1       (3 )     -       16  
Other securities
    23       2       (1 )     (1 )     -       23  
Trading securities
    81       (1 )     -       7       (1 )     86  
Derivative investments
    2,148       (486 )     (9 )     (188 )     -       1,465  
Future contract benefits:
                                               
Remaining guaranteed interest
                                               
and similar contracts
    (252 )     11       -       (53 )     -       (294 )
GLBs accounted for under
                                               
SFAS 157/SFAS 133
    (2,904 )     1,914       -       (82 )     -       (1,072 )
Total, net
  $ 2,433     $ 1,368     $ 245     $ 466     $ (320 )   $ 4,192  

(1)
Transfers in or out of Level 3 for AFS and trading securities are displayed at amortized cost at the beginning of the period.  For AFS and trading securities, the difference between beginning of period amortized cost and beginning of period fair value was included in OCI and earnings, respectively, in prior periods.

 
48

 

The following provides the components of the items included in net income, excluding any impact of amortization on DAC, VOBA, DSI and DFEL and changes in future contract benefits, (in millions) as reported above:
 
   
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2009
 
               
Gains
             
               
(Losses)
             
               
from
             
               
Sales,
   
Unrealized
       
   
(Amortization)
         
Maturities,
   
Holding
       
   
Accretion,
         
Settlements,
   
Gains
       
   
Net
   
OTTI
   
Calls
   
(Losses) (3)
   
Total
 
Investments:
                             
Fixed maturity AFS securities:
                             
Corporate bonds
  $ 2     $ (19 )   $ (1 )   $ -     $ (18 )
MBS:
                                       
CMOs
    -       (3 )     -       -       (3 )
CMBS
    1       -       -       -       1  
ABS:
                                       
CDOs
    -       (32 )     -       -       (32 )
Equity AFS securities:
                                       
Insurance securities
    -       -       1       -       1  
Trading securities (1)
    1       (1 )     -       3       3  
Derivative investments (2)
    -       -       (68 )     (442 )     (510 )
                                         
Future contract benefits:
                                       
Remaining guaranteed interest and similar contracts (2)
    -       -       11       (22 )     (11 )
GLBs accounted for under SFAS 157/SFAS 133 (2)
    -       -       14       1,564       1,578  
Total, net
  $ 4     $ (55 )   $ (43 )   $ 1,103     $ 1,009  


 
49

 


 
   
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2009
 
               
Gains
             
               
(Losses)
             
               
from
             
               
Sales,
   
Unrealized
       
   
(Amortization)
         
Maturities,
   
Holding
       
   
Accretion,
         
Settlements,
   
Gains
       
   
Net
   
OTTI
   
Calls
   
(Losses) (3)
   
Total
 
Investments:
                             
Fixed maturity AFS securities:
                             
Corporate bonds
  $ 3     $ (34 )   $ -     $ (4 )   $ (35 )
MBS:
                                       
CMOs
    -       (5 )     -       -       (5 )
CMBS
    1       -       -       -       1  
ABS:
                                       
CDOs
    -       (32 )     -       1       (31 )
Equity AFS securities:
                                       
Insurance securities
    -       -       -       1       1  
Other financial services securities
    -       (3 )     -       -       (3 )
Other securities
    -       -       -       2       2  
Trading securities (1)
    1       -       (2 )     -       (1 )
Derivative investments (2)
    -       -       (447 )     (39 )     (486 )
                                         
Future contract benefits:
                                       
Remaining guaranteed interest and similar contracts (2)
    -       -       19       (8 )     11  
GLBs accounted for under SFAS 157/SFAS 133 (2)
    -       -       30       1,884       1,914  
Total, net
  $ 5     $ (74 )   $ (400 )   $ 1,837     $ 1,368  

(1)
Amortization and accretion, net and unrealized holding losses are included in net investment income on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).  All other amounts are included in realized loss on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).
(2)
All amounts are included in realized loss on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).
(3)
This change in unrealized gains or losses relates to assets and liabilities that we still held as of June 30, 2009.


 
50

 

Valuation Methodologies and Associated Inputs for Financial Instruments Carried at Fair Value

Investments

We measure our investments that are required to be carried at fair value based on assumptions used by market participants in pricing the security.  The most appropriate valuation methodology is selected based on the specific characteristics of the fixed maturity or equity security, and we consistently apply the valuation methodology to measure the security’s fair value.  Our fair value measurement is based on a market approach, which utilizes prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable securities.  Sources of inputs to the market approach include third-party pricing services, independent broker quotations or pricing matrices.  We use observable and unobservable inputs to our valuation methodologies.  Observable inputs include benchmark yields, reported trades, broker-dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data.  In addition, market indicators, industry and economic events are monitored and further market data is acquired if certain triggers are met.  For certain security types, additional inputs may be used, or some of the inputs described above may not be applicable.  For broker-quoted only securities, quotes from market makers or broker-dealers are obtained from sources recognized to be market participants.  In order to validate the pricing information and broker-dealer quotes, we employ, where possible, procedures that include comparisons with similar observable positions, comparisons with subsequent sales, discussions with senior business leaders and brokers and observations of general market movements for those security classes.  For those securities trading in less liquid or illiquid markets with limited or no pricing information, we use unobservable inputs in order to measure the fair value of these securities.  In cases where this information is not available, such as for privately placed securities, fair value is estimated using an internal pricing matrix.  This matrix relies on management’s judgment concerning the discount rate used in calculating expected future cash flows, credit quality, industry sector performance and expected maturity.

We do not adjust prices received from third parties; however, we do analyze the third-party pricing services’ valuation methodologies and related inputs and perform additional evaluation to determine the appropriate level within the fair value hierarchy.

The observable and unobservable inputs to our valuation methodologies are based on a set of standard inputs that we generally use to evaluate all of our AFS securities.  The standard inputs used in order of priority are benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data.  Depending on the type of security or the daily market activity, standard inputs may be prioritized differently or may not be available for all AFS securities on any given day.  In addition to the defined standard inputs to our valuation methodologies, we also use Trade Reporting and Compliance EngineTM reported tables for our corporate bonds and vendor trading platform data for our U.S. Government bonds.  MBS and ABS utilize additional inputs which include new issues data, monthly payment information and monthly collateral performance, including prepayments, severity, delinquencies, step down features and over collateralization features.  The valuation methodologies for our state and municipal bonds use additional inputs which include information from the Municipal Securities Rule Making Board, as well as material event notices, new issue data, issuer financial statements and Municipal Market Data benchmark yields. Our hybrid and redeemable preferred stocks and equity AFS securities utilize additional inputs of exchange prices (underlying and common stock of the same issuer).

Trading securities consist of fixed maturity and equity securities in designated portfolios, which support Modco and CFW reinsurance arrangements.  The valuation methodologies and inputs for our trading securities are determined in the same manner as our securities classified as AFS discussed above.  For discussion of the significant inputs of our embedded derivatives for Level 2 and Level 3, see the discussion of derivative investments below.

Derivative Investments

We employ several different methods for determining the fair value of our derivative instruments.  The fair value of our derivative instruments are measured based on current settlement values, which are based on quoted market prices, industry standard models that are commercially available and broker quotes.  These techniques project cash flows of the derivatives using current and implied future market conditions.  We calculate the present value of the cash flows to measure the current fair market value of the derivative.

Cash and Invested Cash

Cash and invested cash is carried at cost, which approximates fair value.  This category includes highly liquid debt instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less.  Due to the nature of these assets, we believe these assets should be classified as Level 2.

Reinsurance Related Derivative Assets

The fair value of our reinsurance related derivative assets are estimated using the same methodologies and associated inputs as our investments as discussed above.

 
51

 
Separate Account Assets

The fair value of our separate account assets are estimated using the same methodologies and associated inputs as our investments, as discussed above.  The related separate account liabilities are reported at an amount equivalent to the separate account assets.  Investment risks associated with market value changes are borne by the contract holders, except to the extent of minimum guarantees made by the Company with respect to certain accounts.  See Note 9 for additional information regarding arrangements with contractual guarantees.

Future Contract Benefits

The fair value of our remaining guaranteed interest and similar contracts are estimated using discounted cash flow calculations.  These calculations are based on interest rates currently offered on similar contracts with maturities that are consistent with those remaining for the contracts being valued.

The fair value of the GLBs accounted for under SFAS 157/ SFAS 133 are based on their approximate surrender values, including an estimate for our non-performance risk.

17.  Segment Information

We provide products and services in three operating businesses:  Retirement Solutions; Insurance Solutions; and Investment Management, and report results through five business segments.  We also have Other Operations, which includes the financial data for operations that are not directly related to the business segments.  Our reporting segments reflect the manner by which our chief operating decision makers view and manage the business.  The following is a brief description of these segments and Other Operations.

Retirement Solutions

The Retirement Solutions business provides its products through two segments:  Annuities and Defined Contribution.  The Retirement Solutions – Annuities segment provides tax-deferred investment growth and lifetime income opportunities for its clients by offering individual fixed annuities, including indexed annuities and variable annuities.  The Retirement Solutions – Defined Contribution segment provides employer-sponsored variable and fixed annuities and mutual-fund based programs in the 401(k), 403(b) and 457 marketplaces.

Insurance Solutions

The Insurance Solutions business provides its products through two segments:  Life Insurance and Group Protection.  The Insurance Solutions – Life Insurance segment offers wealth protection and transfer opportunities through term insurance, a linked-benefit product (which is a UL policy linked with riders that provide for long-term care costs) and both single and survivorship versions of UL and VUL, including corporate-owned UL and VUL insurance and bank-owned UL and VUL insurance products.  The Insurance Solutions – Group Protection segment offers group life, disability and dental insurance to employers, and its products are marketed primarily through a national distribution system of regional group offices.  These offices develop business through employee benefit brokers, third-party administrators and other employee benefit firms.

Investment Management

The Investment Management segment, through Delaware Investments, provides a broad range of managed account portfolios, mutual funds, sub-advised funds and other investment products to individual investors and to institutional investors such as private and public pension funds, foundations and endowment funds.  Delaware Investments is the marketing name for Delaware Management Holdings, Inc. and its affiliates.

Other Operations

Other Operations includes investments related to the excess capital in our insurance subsidiaries, investments in media properties and other corporate investments, benefit plan net assets, the unamortized deferred gain on indemnity reinsurance related to the sale of reinsurance to Swiss Re in 2001 and external debt.  We are actively managing our remaining radio station clusters to maximize performance and future value.  Other Operations also includes the Institutional Pension business, which is a closed-block of pension business, the majority of which was sold on a group annuity basis, and is currently in run-off; and the results of certain disability income business due to the rescission of this business previously sold to Swiss Re.



 
52

 
Segment operating revenues and income (loss) from operations are internal measures used by our management and Board of Directors to evaluate and assess the results of our segments.  Income (loss) from operations is GAAP net income excluding the after-tax effects of the following items, as applicable:

·
Realized gains and losses associated with the following (“excluded realized loss”):
 
§
Sale or disposal of securities;
 
§
Impairments of securities;
 
§
Change in the fair value of embedded derivatives within certain reinsurance arrangements and the change in the fair value of related trading securities;
 
§
Change in the fair value of the embedded derivatives of our GLBs within our variable annuities net of the change in the fair value of the derivatives we own to hedge the changes in the embedded derivative;
 
§
Net difference between the benefit ratio unlocking of SOP 03-1 reserves on our GDB riders within our variable annuities and the change in the fair value of the derivatives excluding our expected cost of purchasing the hedging instruments; and
 
§
Changes in the fair value of the embedded derivative liabilities related to index call options we may purchase in the future to hedge contract holder index allocations applicable to future reset periods for our indexed annuity products as required under SFAS 133 and 157.
·
Income (loss) from the initial adoption of changes in accounting principles;
·
Income (loss) from reserve changes (net of related amortization) on business sold through reinsurance;
·
Gains (losses) on early retirement of debt, including subordinated debt;
·
Losses from the impairment of intangible assets; and
·
Income (loss) from discontinued operations.

Operating revenues represent GAAP revenues excluding the pre-tax effects of the following items, as applicable:

·
Excluded realized loss;
·
Amortization of deferred gains arising from the reserve changes on business sold through reinsurance; and
·
Revenue adjustments from the initial impact of the adoption of changes in accounting principles.

Operating revenues and income (loss) from operations do not replace revenues and net income as the GAAP measures of our consolidated results of operations.

 
53

 
Segment information (in millions) was as follows:
 
   
For the Three
   
For the Six
 
   
Months Ended
   
Months Ended
 
   
June 30,
   
June 30,
 
   
2009
   
2008
   
2009
   
2008
 
Revenues
                       
Operating revenues:
                       
Retirement Solutions:
                       
Annuities
  $ 437     $ 618     $ 1,036     $ 1,241  
Defined Contribution
    215       239       440       477  
Total Retirement Solutions
    652       857       1,476       1,718  
Insurance Solutions:
                               
Life Insurance
    1,003       1,088       2,078       2,143  
Group Protection
    443       425       864       824  
Total Insurance Solutions
    1,446       1,513       2,942       2,967  
Investment Management (1)
    92       125       173       245  
Other Operations
    91       110       177       227  
Excluded realized loss, pre-tax
    (330 )     (113 )     (618 )     (158 )
Amortization of deferred gain arising from
                               
reserve changes on business sold through
                               
reinsurance, pre-tax
    1       1       2       2  
Total revenues
  $ 1,952     $ 2,493     $ 4,152     $ 5,001  

(1)
Revenues for the Investment Management segment included inter-segment revenues for asset management services provided to our other segments.  These inter-segment revenues totaled $20 million and $40 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, respectively and $21 million and $41 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively.


 
54

 


 
   
For the Three
   
For the Six
 
   
Months Ended
   
Months Ended
 
   
June 30,
   
June 30,
 
   
2009
   
2008
   
2009
   
2008
 
Net Income (Loss)
                       
Income (loss) from operations:
Retirement Solutions:
Annuities
  $ 65     $ 116     $ 139     $ 234  
Defined Contribution
    28       41       57       81  
Total Retirement Solutions
    93       157       196       315  
Insurance Solutions:
Life Insurance
    133       164       275       321  
Group Protection
    34       32       59       58  
Total Insurance Solutions
    167       196       334       379  
Investment Management
    5       15       6       27  
Other Operations
    (53 )     (44 )     (159 )     (86 )
Excluded realized loss, after-tax
    (214 )     (73 )     (401 )     (103 )
Early extinguishment of debt
    -       -       42       -  
Income from reserve changes (net of related
                       
amortization) on business sold through
                       
reinsurance, after-tax
    -       -       -       1  
Impairment of intangibles, after-tax
    1       (139 )     (603 )     (139 )
Income (loss) from continuing operations, after-tax
    (1 )     112       (585 )     394  
                    Income (loss) from discontinued operations, after-tax
        (160)
      13       (155     20  
Net income (loss)
  $ (161 )   $ 125     $ (740 )   $ 414  

18.  Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow

The following summarizes our supplemental cash flow data (in millions):


             
   
For the Six
 
   
Months Ended
 
   
June 30,
 
   
2009
   
2008
 
Significant non-cash investing and financing transactions:
           
Business dispositions:
           
Assets disposed (includes cash and invested cash)
  $ (2 )   $ (732 )
Liabilities disposed
    2       127  
Cash received
    -       647  
Realized gain on disposal
    -       42  
Estimated gain on net assets held-for-sale in prior periods
    -       (54 )
Loss on dispositions
  $ -     $ (12 )
Sale of subsidiaries/businesses:
               
Proceeds from sale of subsidiaries/businesses, reported as gain on sale of subsidiaries/businesses
  $ 5     $ 4  



 
55

 

19.  Subsequent Event

On July 10, 2009, in connection with the Troubled Asset Relief Program (“TARP”) Capital Purchase Program (“CPP”), established as part of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (“EESA”), we issued and sold to the U.S. Treasury 950,000 shares of Series B preferred stock together with a related warrant to purchase up to 13,049,451 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $10.92 per share, in accordance with the terms of the TARP CPP, for an aggregate purchase price of $950 million.  Holders of this Series B preferred stock are entitled to a cumulative cash dividend at the annual rate per share of 5% of the liquidation preference, $1,000 per share, or $48 million annually, for the first five years from issuance.  We are currently evaluating the financial statement presentation of these instruments.  After July 10, 2014, if the preferred shares are still outstanding, the annual dividend rate will increase to 9% per year.  The warrant will expire on July 10, 2019.

As required under the TARP CPP dividend payments on, and repurchases of, the company’s outstanding preferred and common stock are subject to certain restrictions (unless the U.S. Treasury consents).  In addition to these restrictions, in connection with this arrangement, the company will comply with enhanced compensation restrictions for certain executives and employees.  Additionally, any increase in the quarterly common stock dividend for the next three years will require the consent of the U.S. government while our obligations under the CPP remain outstanding.

 
56

 


Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) is intended to help the reader understand the financial condition of Lincoln National Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries (“LNC,” “Lincoln” or the “Company” which also may be referred to as “we,” “our” or “us”) as of June 30, 2009, compared with December 31, 2008, and the results of operations of LNC for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, as compared with the corresponding periods in 2008.  The MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements (“Notes”) presented in “Item 1. Financial Statements” and our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 (“2008 Form 10-K”), including the sections entitled “Part I – Item 1A. Risk Factors,” as updated in “Part II – Item 1A. Risk Factors” below, “Part II – Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Part II – Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

In this report, in addition to providing consolidated revenues and net income (loss), we also provide segment operating revenues and income (loss) from operations because we believe they are meaningful measures of revenues and the profitability of our operating segments.  Income (loss) from operations is net income recorded in accordance with United States of America generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) excluding the after-tax effects of the following items, as applicable:

·
Realized gains and losses associated with the following (“excluded realized loss”):
 
§
Sale or disposal of securities;
 
§
Impairments of securities;
 
§
Change in the fair value of embedded derivatives within certain reinsurance arrangements and the change in the fair value of related trading securities;
 
§
Change in the fair value of the embedded derivatives of our guaranteed living benefits (“GLB”) within our variable annuities net of the change in the fair value of the derivatives we own to hedge the changes in the embedded derivative (“GLB net derivative results”);
 
§
Net difference between the benefit ratio unlocking of Statement of Position (“SOP”) No. 03-1, “Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises for Certain Nontraditional Long-Duration Contracts and for Separate Accounts” (“SOP 03-1”) reserves on our guaranteed death benefit (“GDB”) riders within our variable annuities and the change in the fair value of the derivatives excluding our expected cost of purchasing the hedging instruments (“GDB derivatives results”); and
 
§
Changes in the fair value of the embedded derivative liabilities related to index call options we may purchase in the future to hedge contract holder index allocations applicable to future reset periods for our indexed annuity products as required under Statements of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” (“SFAS 133”) and SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS 157”) (“Indexed annuity forward-starting option”).
·
Income (loss) from the initial adoption of changes in accounting principles;
·
Income (loss) from reserve changes (net of related amortization) on business sold through reinsurance;
·
Gain (loss) on early retirement of debt, including subordinated debt;
·
Losses from the impairment of intangible assets; and
·
Income (loss) from discontinued operations.

Operating revenues represent GAAP revenues excluding the pre-tax effects of the following items, as applicable:

·
Excluded realized loss;
·
Amortization of deferred gains arising from the reserve changes on business sold through reinsurance; and
·
Revenue adjustments from the initial impact of the adoption of changes in accounting principles.

Operating revenues and income (loss) from operations are the financial performance measures we use to evaluate and assess the results of our segments.  Accordingly, we report operating revenues and income (loss) from operations by segment in Note 17.  Our management and Board of Directors believe that operating revenues and income (loss) from operations explain the results of our ongoing businesses in a manner that allows for a better understanding of the underlying trends in our current businesses because the excluded items are unpredictable and not necessarily indicative of current operating fundamentals or future performance of the business segments, and, in many instances, decisions regarding these items do not necessarily relate to the operations of the individual segments.  Operating revenues and income (loss) from operations do not replace revenues and net income as the GAAP measures of our consolidated results of operations.


 
57

 

Beginning with the quarter ended June 30, 2008, we changed our definitions of segment operating revenues and income from operations to better reflect:  the underlying economics of our variable and indexed annuities that employ derivative instruments to hedge policy benefits; and the manner in which management evaluates that business.  Our change in the definition of income from operations is primarily the result of our adoption of SFAS 157 during the first quarter of 2008.  Under the fair value measurement provisions of SFAS 157, we are required to measure the fair value of these annuities from an “exit price” perspective, (i.e., the exchange price between market participants to transfer the liability).  We, therefore, must include margins that a market participant buyer would require as well as a factor for non-performance risk (“NPR”) related to our credit quality.  We do not believe that these factors relate to the economics of the underlying business and do not reflect the manner in which management evaluates the business.  The items that are now excluded from our operating results that were previously included are as follows:  GLB net derivatives results; indexed annuity forward-starting option; and GDB derivatives results.  For more information regarding this change, see our current report on Form 8-K dated July 16, 2008.

We continue to exclude the effects of any realized gain (loss) on investments from segment operating revenues and income from operations as we believe that such items are not necessarily indicative of current operating fundamentals or future performance of the business segments, and, in many instances, decisions regarding these items do not necessarily relate to the operations of the individual segments.

We believe that our definitions of operating revenues and income (loss) from operations will provide investors with a more valuable measure of our performance because it better reveals trends in our business.  See “Realized Loss” below for more information about these items.

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior periods’ financial information.  Included in these reclassifications is the change in our definition of segment operating revenues and income (loss) from operations as discussed above.  To that end, we have reclassified the results of certain derivatives and embedded derivatives to realized loss, which were previously reported within insurance fees, net investment income, interest credited or benefits.  The associated amortization expense of deferred acquisition costs (“DAC”) and value of business acquired (“VOBA”) (previously reported within underwriting, acquisition, insurance and other expenses), deferred sales inducements (“DSI”) (previously reported within interest credited), deferred front-end loads (“DFEL”) (previously reported within insurance fees) and changes in contract holder funds (previously reported within benefits) have also been reclassified to realized loss.  See “Basis of Presentation” in Note 1 for details.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS CAUTIONARY LANGUAGE

Certain statements made in this report and in other written or oral statements made by LNC or on LNC’s behalf are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (“PSLRA”).  A forward-looking statement is a statement that is not a historical fact and, without limitation, includes any statement that may predict, forecast, indicate or imply future results, performance or achievements, and may contain words like:  “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “estimate,” “project,” “will,” “shall” and other words or phrases with similar meaning in connection with a discussion of future operating or financial performance.  In particular, these include statements relating to future actions, trends in our businesses, prospective services or products, future performance or financial results and the outcome of contingencies, such as legal proceedings.  LNC claims the protection afforded by the safe harbor for forward-looking statements provided by the PSLRA.

Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from the results contained in the forward-looking statements.  Risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to vary materially, some of which are described within the forward-looking statements, include, among others:

·
Continued deterioration in general economic and business conditions, both domestic and foreign, that may affect foreign exchange rates, premium levels, claims experience, the level of pension benefit costs and funding and investment results;
·
Continued economic declines and credit market illiquidity could cause us to realize additional impairments on investments and certain intangible assets, including goodwill and a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets, which may reduce future earnings and/or affect our financial condition and ability to raise additional capital or refinance existing debt as it matures;
·
Uncertainty about the impact of the U.S. Treasury’s Troubled Asset Relief Program (“TARP”) on the economy;
·
The cost and other consequences of the existing regulation to which we are subject and potential regulations to which we could become subject as a result of our participation in the TARP Capital Purchase Program (“CPP”);
·
Legislative, regulatory or tax changes, both domestic and foreign, that affect the cost of, or demand for, LNC’s products, the required amount of reserves and/or surplus, or otherwise affect our ability to conduct business, including changes to statutory reserves and/or risk-based capital (“RBC”) requirements related to secondary guarantees under universal life and variable annuity products such as Actuarial Guideline (“AG”) 43 (“AG43,” also known as Commissioners Annuity Reserve Valuation Method for Variable Annuities or “VACARVM”); restrictions on revenue sharing and 12b-1 payments; and the potential for U.S. Federal tax reform;

 
58

 


·
The initiation of legal or regulatory proceedings against LNC or its subsidiaries, and the outcome of any legal or regulatory proceedings, such as:  adverse actions related to present or past business practices common in businesses in which LNC and its subsidiaries compete; adverse decisions in significant actions including, but not limited to, actions brought by federal and state authorities and extra-contractual and class action damage cases; new decisions that result in changes in law; and unexpected trial court rulings;
·
Changes in interest rates causing a reduction of investment income, the margins of LNC’s fixed annuity and life insurance businesses and demand for LNC’s products;
·
A decline in the equity markets causing a reduction in the sales of LNC’s products, a reduction of asset-based fees that LNC charges on various investment and insurance products, an acceleration of amortization of DAC, VOBA, DSI and DFEL and an increase in liabilities related to guaranteed benefit features of LNC’s variable annuity products;
·
Ineffectiveness of LNC’s various hedging strategies used to offset the impact of changes in the value of liabilities due to changes in the level and volatility of the equity markets and interest rates;
·
A deviation in actual experience regarding future persistency, mortality, morbidity, interest rates or equity market returns from LNC’s assumptions used in pricing its products, in establishing related insurance reserves and in the amortization of intangibles that may result in an increase in reserves and a decrease in net income, including as a result of stranger-originated life insurance business;
·
Changes in GAAP that may result in unanticipated changes to LNC’s net income;
·
Lowering of one or more of LNC’s debt ratings issued by nationally recognized statistical rating organizations and the adverse impact such action may have on LNC’s ability to raise capital and on its liquidity and financial condition;
·
Lowering of one or more of the insurer financial strength ratings of LNC’s insurance subsidiaries and the adverse impact such action may have on the premium writings, policy retention, profitability of its insurance subsidiaries and liquidity;
·
Significant credit, accounting, fraud or corporate governance issues that may adversely affect the value of certain investments in the portfolios of LNC’s companies requiring that LNC realize losses on such investments;
·
The impact of acquisitions and divestitures, restructurings, product withdrawals and other unusual items, including LNC’s ability to integrate acquisitions and to obtain the anticipated results and synergies from acquisitions;
·
The adequacy and collectibility of reinsurance that LNC has purchased;
·
Acts of terrorism, a pandemic, war or other man-made and natural catastrophes that may adversely affect LNC’s businesses and the cost and availability of reinsurance;
·
Competitive conditions, including pricing pressures, new product offerings and the emergence of new competitors, that may affect the level of premiums and fees that LNC can charge for its products;
·
The unknown impact on LNC’s business resulting from changes in the demographics of LNC’s client base, as aging baby-boomers move from the asset-accumulation stage to the asset-distribution stage of life; and
·
Loss of key management, portfolio managers in the Investment Management segment, financial planners or wholesalers.

The risks included here are not exhaustive.  Other sections of this report, our 2008 Form 10-K, current reports on Form 8-K and other documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) include additional factors that could impact LNC’s business and financial performance, including “Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” and the risk discussions included in this section under “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates,” “Consolidated Investments” and “Reinsurance,” which are incorporated herein by reference.  Moreover, LNC operates in a rapidly changing and competitive environment.  New risk factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for management to predict all such risk factors.

Further, it is not possible to assess the impact of all risk factors on LNC’s business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.  Given these risks and uncertainties, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results.  In addition, LNC disclaims any obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that occur after the date of this report.
 
INTRODUCTION

Executive Summary

We are a holding company that operates multiple insurance and investment management businesses through subsidiary companies.  Through our business segments, we sell a wide range of wealth protection, accumulation and retirement income products and solutions.  These products include institutional and/or retail fixed and indexed annuities, variable annuities, universal life insurance (“UL”), variable universal life insurance (“VUL”), linked-benefit UL, term life insurance, mutual funds and managed accounts.


 
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On July 21, 2008, we announced the realignment of our segments under our former Employer Markets and Individual Markets businesses into two new businesses – Retirement Solutions and Insurance Solutions.  We believe the new structure more closely aligns with consumer needs and should lead to more coordinated product development and greater effectiveness across the enterprise.  The only change to our segment reporting is reporting the results of the Executive Benefits business, which as of June 30, 2008, was part of the Retirement Products segment, in the Life Insurance segment.  Accordingly, beginning in the third quarter of 2008, we provide products and services in four operating business and report results through six segments as follows:


Business
 
Corresponding Segments
Retirement Solutions
 
Annuities
   
Defined Contribution (formerly Retirement Products)
     
Insurance Solutions
 
Life Insurance (including Executive Benefits business)
   
Group Protection
     
Investment Management
 
Investment Management
     
Lincoln UK (1)
 
Lincoln UK (1)


(1)
On June 15, 2009, we announced that we entered into a share purchase agreement to sell Lincoln UK.  The transaction is anticipated to close during the fourth quarter of 2009, subject to regulatory approvals and customary closing conditions.  Accordingly, we have reported the results of this business as discontinued operations on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) and the assets and liabilities as held for sale on our Consolidated Balance Sheets for all periods presented.  See Note 3.

These changes to the Retirement Products and the Life Insurance segments are in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 131, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information,” and reflect the manner in which we are organized for purposes of making operating decisions and assessing performance.  Our segment results are reported under this new structure beginning in the third quarter of 2008, and we have restated results from prior periods in a consistent manner.  We view the changes to the existing segments as immaterial.  These operating businesses and their segments are described in “Part I Item 1. Business” of our 2008 Form 10-K.

We also have Other Operations, which includes the financial data for operations that are not directly related to the business segments.  Other Operations also includes our run-off Institutional Pension business, the results of certain disability income business due to the rescission of this business previously sold to Swiss Re and the results of our remaining media businesses.

 
Current Market Conditions

During the second quarter of 2009, the capital and credit markets showed signs of improvement following a period of extreme volatility and disruption for more than 12 months that affected both equity market returns and interest rates.  During this period, credit spreads widened across asset classes and reduced liquidity in the credit markets.  The price of our common stock steadily increased during the second quarter of 2009 to close at $17.21 on June 30, 2009, as compared to $18.84 on December 31, 2008, and traded at a low of $4.90 during the first six months of 2009.  Analysts and economists noted in January 2009 that the U.S. economy lost more jobs in 2008 than in any year subsequent to World War II and projected that the economic recovery might take longer than previously expected.  We also experienced a series of ratings downgrades primarily from February 2009 to May 2009 as depressed capital markets continued to strain our liquidity as we prepared to fund debt maturities in the second quarter of 2009; however, recently all four of the major independent rating agencies affirmed our financial strength ratings, and Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) improved its outlook on our company to stable from negative following the announcement about our planned capital actions discussed below.  Our ratings are discussed further below.


 
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Earnings in 2009 will continue to be unfavorably impacted by the prior significant decline in the equity markets.  Due to these challenges, the capital markets had a significant effect on our segment income (loss) from operations and consolidated net income during the first six months of 2009.  In the face of these capital market challenges, we continue to focus on building our businesses through these difficult markets and beyond by developing and introducing high quality products, expanding distribution in new and existing key accounts and channels and targeting market segments that have high growth potential while maintaining a disciplined approach to managing our expenses.  During the second quarter of 2009, we experienced positive net flows across all of our businesses, more than double the amount of net flows experienced in the year ago quarter.  The markets impacted primarily the following areas:
 
Adequacy of Our Liquidity and Capital Positions

We are committed to managing our capital effectively.  The continued adequacy of our liquidity resources to meet requirements of our businesses and our holding company depends upon such factors as market conditions and our ability to access sources of liquidity.  In addition, market volatility impacts the level of capital required to support our businesses.

Given this dynamic and challenging environment, we have taken measures to prudently and actively manage our liquidity and capital positions.  As discussed in “Review of Consolidated Financial Condition – Liquidity and Capital Resources – Sources of Liquidity and Cash Flow – Financing Activities,” we issued $690 million of common stock and $500 million of senior notes during the second quarter of 2009 and issued preferred stock and a common stock warrant through the U.S. Treasury’s TARP CPP in July of 2009, as discussed below in “TARP CPP.”  Additionally, we announced on June 15, 2009, the sale of Lincoln UK (see Note 3).  These actions compliment our past actions of reducing the dividend on our common stock, suspending stock repurchase activity, restructuring the company to reduce overall expenses and entering into a reinsurance transaction to increase statutory capital for our primary insurance subsidiary.

Currently, we expect to meet the ongoing cash needs of the holding company for the foreseeable future as a result of the raising of $2.1 billion as part of several capital transactions and in combination with expense savings and asset sales described above.  See “Part II – Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this report for more information.

For more information on our liquidity and capital positions, see “Review of Consolidated Financial Condition” below.

Ratings

The Nationally Recognized Statistical Ratings Organizations rate the financial strength of our principal insurance subsidiaries and the debt of LNC.  Ratings are not recommendations to buy our securities.
 
Rating agencies rate insurance companies based on financial strength and the ability to pay claims, factors more relevant to contract holders than investors.  We believe that the ratings assigned by nationally recognized, independent rating agencies are material to our operations.  There may be other rating agencies that also rate our securities, which we do not disclose in our reports.

The following summarizes the ratings for LNC and our principal insurance subsidiaries as of the date of this filing:
 
         
A.M. Best
 
Fitch
 
Moody's
 
S&P
Insurer Financial Strength Ratings
                 
The Lincoln National Life Insurance Co. ("LNL")
 
A+
 
A+
 
A2
 
AA-
         
(2nd of 16)
 
(5th of 21)
 
(6th of 21)
 
(4th of 21)
                       
Lincoln Life & Annuity Co. of New York ("LLANY")
A+
 
A+
 
A2
 
AA-
         
(2nd of 16)
 
(5th of 21)
 
(6th of 21)
 
(4th of 21)
                       
First Penn-Pacific Life Insurance Co. ("FPP")
 
A+
 
A+
 
A2
 
A+
         
(2nd of 16)
 
(5th of 21)
 
(6th of 21)
 
(5th of 21)
                       
Debt Ratings
                   
LNC
                     
Long-term credit
     
a-
 
BBB
 
Baa2
 
A-
         
(7th of 23)
 
(9th of 21)
 
(9th of 21)
 
(7th of 22)
                       
Short-term credit
     
AMB-1
 
F2
 
P-2
 
A-2
         
(2nd of 6)
 
(3rd of 7)
 
(2nd of 4)
 
(3rd of 10)


 
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As a result of the execution of our approximately $2.1 billion capital raising, Moody’s, S&P and Fitch affirmed our senior secured debt, and short-term debt ratings and the financial strength ratings of LNL, LLANY and FPP.  All ratings are on outlook negative, with the exception of S&P, which is stable, as noted above.
 
All of our ratings are subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the rating agencies, and therefore, no assurance can be given that our principal insurance subsidiaries or LNC can maintain these ratings.  Each rating should be evaluated independently of any other rating.
 
Earnings from Assets Under Management

Our asset-gathering segments – Retirement Solutions – Annuities, Retirement Solutions – Defined Contribution and Investment Management – are the most sensitive to the equity markets.  We discuss the earnings impact of the equity markets on account values, assets under management and the related asset-based earnings below in “Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk – Equity Market Risk – Impact of Equity Market Sensitivity.”  From December 31, 2008, to June 30, 2009 our assets under management were up $8.7 billion even though the daily average value of the S&P 500 Index® (“S&P 500”) decreased 6%.  However, our assets under management were down $30.7 billion from June 30, 2008, as a result of the equity markets.  Strong deposits during the first six months of 2009 have only helped to partially offset this impact, compared to the same period in 2008.  The effect of the negative equity markets on our assets under management that we experienced over the last twelve months will continue to dampen our earnings throughout 2009 even if the equity market returns become consistent with our long-term assumptions.  Accordingly, we may continue to report lower asset-based fees, higher DAC and VOBA amortization and higher reserves related to our GDB guarantees relative to expectations or prior periods.

Investment Income on Alternative Investments

We believe that overall market conditions in both the equity and credit markets caused our alternative investments portfolio, which consists mostly of hedge funds and various limited partnership investments, to under-perform relative to our long-term return expectations, and we expect these assets to continue to under-perform at least in the short term.  During the second quarter of 2009, most of the unfavorable impact from these investments was related to audit adjustments from the completion of calendar-year financial statement audits of our investees.  These investments impact primarily our Insurance Solutions – Life Insurance segment and to a lesser extent our Retirement Solutions – Annuities and Retirement Solutions – Defined Contribution segments.  See “Consolidated Investments – Alternative Investments” for additional information on our investment portfolio and further discussion on the nature of the audit adjustments referred to above.

Variable Annuity Hedge Program Results

We offer variable annuity products with living benefit guarantees.  As described below in “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates – Derivatives – Guaranteed Living Benefits,” we use derivative instruments to hedge our exposure to the risks and earnings volatility that result from the embedded derivatives for living benefits in certain of our variable annuity products.  The change in fair value of these instruments tends to move in the opposite direction of the change in fair value of the embedded derivatives.  For the first six months of 2009, impacts of changes in interest rate risk favorably affected the net change in the fair value of the living benefit embedded derivative, excluding the effect of our NPR factors, and the change in fair value of the hedging derivatives.  The NPR factors used in the calculation of the embedded derivative liability are impacted by the change in the spreads of our credit default swaps (“CDS”) and the associated volume related to volatilities and interest rates adjusted for factors such as liquidity and the priority of our claims-paying rating and had an unfavorable effect on the overall result during the first six months of 2009.  These results are excluded from operating revenues and income from operations.  See “Realized Loss – Operating Realized Gain (Loss) – GLB” for information on our methodology for calculating the NPR factors.

We also offer variable products with death benefit guarantees.  As described in “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates – Future Contract Benefits and Other Contract Holder Obligations – Guaranteed Death Benefits” in our 2008 Form 10-K, we use derivative instruments to attempt to hedge in the opposite direction of the impact to our associated reserves for movements in equity markets.  These results are excluded from income (loss) from operations.

Variable Annuity Business Model

In order to address the realities of the current market conditions in the variable annuity marketplace, in late January 2009, we introduced changes to our GLB riders including increased rider fees, reduced roll-up periods and tighter investment restrictions on new business and a large percentage of in-force account value.  Increased equity market implied volatility and falling interest rates have increased the cost of providing GLBs.  The January product changes reduce our exposure to equity market volatility and interest rate movements while compensating us for increasing costs to provide the benefits.

 
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Credit Losses, Impairments and Unrealized Losses

Related to our investments in fixed income and equity securities, we experienced net realized losses which reduced net income by $71 million and $159 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, and included credit related write-downs of securities for other-than-temporary impairments (“OTTI”) of $77 million and $155 million, respectively.  Although credit spreads remained wider as of June 30, 2009, compared to December 31, 2008, credit spreads have decreased, which resulted in a $2.2 billion decrease in gross unrealized losses on the available-for-sale (“AFS”) fixed maturity securities in our general account as of June 30, 2009.  Our unrealized losses are concentrated in the investment grade category of investments and demonstrate how reduced liquidity in the credit markets has impacted asset values.  In addition, continued weakness in the economic environment could lead to increased credit defaults, resulting in additional write-downs of securities for OTTI.

Stimulus Legislation

In reaction to the recession, credit market illiquidity and global financial crisis experienced during the latter part of 2008 and into 2009, Congress enacted the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (“EESA”) on October 3, 2008, and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (“ARRA”) which was signed into law on February 17, 2009, in an effort to restore liquidity to the U.S. credit markets and stimulate the U.S. economy.  The EESA defines financial institutions to include insurance companies and contains the TARP.  The ARRA and TARP authorized the purchase of “troubled assets” from financial institutions, including insurance companies.  Pursuant to the authority granted under the TARP, the U.S. Treasury also adopted the CPP, the Generally Available Capital Access Program and the Exceptional Financial Recovery Assistance Program.  Under the CPP, as currently adopted, bank and thrift holding companies may apply to the U.S. Treasury for the direct sale of preferred stock and warrants to the U.S. Treasury.  It remains unclear at this point, if and when the EESA and ARRA will restore sustained liquidity and confidence in the markets and its affect on the fair value of our invested assets. 

TARP CPP

On January 8, 2009, the Office of Thrift Supervision approved our application to become a savings and loan holding company and our acquisition of Newton County Loan & Savings, FSB, a federally regulated savings bank, located in Indiana.  We contributed $10 million to the capital of Newton County Loan & Savings, FSB, and closed on the purchase on January 15, 2009.  On November 13, 2008, we filed an application to participate in the CPP that was established under the EESA.  On May 8, 2009, the U.S. Treasury granted us preliminary approval to participate in the CPP.  On July 10, 2009, we issued, in a private placement, $950 million of Series B preferred stock and a warrant for 13,049,451 shares of our common stock with an exercise price of $10.92 per share to the U.S. Treasury under the CPP.  See “Review of Consolidated Financial Condition – Liquidity and Capital Resources – Sources of Liquidity and Cash Flow – Financing Activities” for more information about our preferred stock issuance.

Participation in the CPP subjects us to increased oversight by the U.S. Treasury.  The U.S. Treasury has the power to unilaterally amend the terms of the purchase agreement to the extent required to comply with changes in applicable statutes and to inspect our corporate books and records through our federal banking regulators.  In addition, the U.S. Treasury has the right to appoint two directors to our Board if we miss dividend payments for six dividend periods, whether or not consecutive, on the preferred stock.  Participation in the CPP may also subject us to increased Congressional scrutiny.

In connection with participating in the CPP, we registered as a savings and loan holding company, which subjects us to new legal and regulatory requirements, including minimum capital requirements, and subjects us to oversight, regulation and examination by the Federal Reserve.

We are also subject to certain restrictions, notably, limits on incentive compensation for certain executives and employees for the duration of the U.S. Treasury’s investment.  We are also subject to limits on increasing the dividend on our common stock and redeeming capital stock (unless the U.S. Treasury consents), both of which apply until the third anniversary of the U.S. Treasury’s investment unless we redeem the Series B preferred shares in whole or the U.S. Treasury transfers all of the Series B preferred stock to third parties.

The U.S. Treasury will not vote the Series B preferred stock or the common stock it may receive upon exercise of the warrant.  However, with respect to the Series B preferred stock, the U.S. Treasury would have class voting rights on the issuance of shares ranking senior to the Series B preferred stock, amendments to the rights of the Series B preferred stock or any merger, exchange or similar transaction that would adversely affect the rights of the Series B preferred stock.  If dividends on the Series B preferred stock are not paid in full for six dividend periods, whether or not consecutive, the Series B preferred stock will have the right, together with the holders of any other affected classes of future parity stock, voting as a single class, to elect two directors.


 
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Under current CPP documentation, if we receive aggregate cash proceeds equal to not less than 100% of the aggregate liquidation preference of the Series B preferred stock sold to the U.S. Treasury from the sale of shares of common stock, perpetual preferred stock or any combination of such securities after the closing of our CPP transaction and on or prior to December 31, 2009, the number of shares of common stock underlying the warrant held by the U.S. Treasury will be reduced by half.  In addition, under current guidance, after redeeming the Series B preferred stock, we will have the right to repurchase the warrant for its appraised market value, and if we do not repurchase the warrant, the U.S. Treasury can liquidate the warrant.  In addition, we have granted the U.S. Treasury registration rights covering the shares of Series B preferred stock, the warrant and the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the warrant.

Challenges and Outlook

For the remainder 2009, we expect major challenges to include:

·
Continuation of volatility in the capital markets, resulting in hedge breakage and possible additional erosion in variable account values;
·
Continuation of illiquid credit markets and impact on spreads and on other-than-temporary securities impairments;
·
Continuation of the low interest rate environment, which creates a challenge for our products that generate investment margin profits, such as fixed annuities and UL;
·
Possible additional intangible asset impairments, such as goodwill, if the financial performance of our reporting units deteriorates, our market capitalization remains below book value for a prolonged period of time or business valuation assumptions (such as discount rates and equity market volatility) deteriorate further;
·
Continuation of the recession and other challenges in the economy;
·
Achieving success in our portfolio of products, marketplace acceptance of new variable annuity features and maintaining management and wholesalers that will help maintain our competitive position; and
·
Continuation of focus by the government on tax reform including potential changes in company dividends-received deduction (“DRD”) calculations, which may impact our products and overall earnings.

In the face of these challenges, we expect to focus on the following throughout the remainder of 2009:

·
Continue near term product development in our manufacturing units and future product development initiatives, with particular focus on further reducing risk related to guaranteed benefit riders offered with certain variable annuities;
·
Manage our expenses aggressively and utilize cost reduction initiatives along with continued financial and execution discipline throughout our operations; and
·
Substantially complete the remaining platform and system consolidations necessary to achieve the final portion of integration cost saves as well as prepare us for more effective customer interaction in the future.

For additional factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth in this section, see “Part I – Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2008 Form 10-K, as updated in “Part II – Item 1A. Risk Factors” below, and “Forward-Looking Statements – Cautionary Language” in this report.


 
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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The MD&A included in our 2008 Form 10-K contains a detailed discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates.  The following information updates the critical accounting policies and estimates provided in our 2008 Form 10-K and, accordingly, should be read in conjunction with the critical accounting policies and estimates discussed in our 2008 Form 10-K.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Under SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” (“SFAS 142”) goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized, but are subject to impairment tests conducted at least annually.  Intangibles that do not have indefinite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives.  SFAS 142 requires that we perform a two-step test in our evaluation of the carrying value of goodwill.  In Step 1 of the evaluation, the fair value of each reporting unit is determined and compared to the carrying value of the reporting unit.  If the fair value is greater than the carrying value, then the carrying value is deemed to be sufficient and Step 2 is not required.  If the fair value estimate is less than the carrying value, it is an indicator that impairment may exist and Step 2 is required to be performed.  In Step 2, the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill is determined by allocating the reporting unit’s fair value as determined in Step 1 to all of its net assets (recognized and unrecognized) as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination at the date of the impairment test.  If the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill is lower than its carrying amount, goodwill is impaired and written down to its fair value.  Refer to Note 8 of our consolidated financial statements for goodwill by reporting unit.

We use October 1 as the annual review date for goodwill and other intangible assets impairment testing.  However, when factors indicate that an impairment could be present, we reassess our conclusions related to goodwill recoverability through completion of an interim test.  Subsequent reviews of goodwill could result in impairment of goodwill during 2009.  Due to volatile capital markets and their unfavorable impact to our liquidity, earnings and discount rate assumptions and the execution of a reinsurance transaction on our life business, we completed an interim test of goodwill impairment as of March 31, 2009.

We performed a Step 1 goodwill impairment analysis on all of our reporting units as of March 31, 2009.  The Step 1 analysis for Insurance Solutions – Life and Retirement Solutions – Annuities reporting units utilized primarily a discounted cash flow valuation technique.  In determining the estimated fair value of these reporting units, we incorporated consideration of discounted cash flow calculations, the level of our own share price and assumptions that market participants would make in valuing these reporting units.  Our fair value estimations were based primarily on an in-depth analysis of projected future cash flows and relevant discount rates, which considered market participant inputs (“income approach”).  The discounted cash flow analysis required us to make judgments about revenues, earnings projections, capital market assumptions and discount rates.  The key assumptions used in the analysis to determine the fair value of these reporting units included:

·
New business for 10 years and run off of cash flows on in-force and new business for the life of the reporting unit;
·
Adjustments of several assumptions in our projections to reflect conservatism in the near-term as a result of the current volatility in the capital markets, including:
 
§
Lower equity market returns for 2 years;
 
§
Lower alternative investment income returns for 2 years;
 
§
Higher line of credit costs related to reserve securitizations;
·
Discount rates ranging from 11.0% to 16.0%, which were based on the weighted average cost of capital for each of our reporting units adjusted for the risks associated with the operations.  We used 11.0% for our Insurance Solutions – Life reporting unit and 16.0% for our Retirement Solutions – Annuities reporting unit.

For our other reporting units, we used other available information including market data obtained through strategic reviews and other analysis to support our Step 1 conclusions.

In the first quarter of 2009, all of our reporting units passed the Step 1 analysis, except for our Retirement Solutions – Annuities reporting unit, which required a Step 2 analysis to be completed.  In our Step 2 analysis, we estimated the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill as determined by allocating the reporting unit’s fair value determined in Step 1 to all of its net assets (recognized and unrecognized) as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination at the date of the impairment test.

Based upon our Step 2 analysis, we recorded a goodwill impairment of $600 million for the Retirement Solutions – Annuities reporting unit in the first quarter of 2009, which was attributable primarily to higher discount rates related to higher debt costs and equity market volatility, deterioration in equity markets and lower annuity sales.
 
 
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There were no indicators of impairment as of June 30, 2009, due primarily to the continued improvement in the equity markets and lower discount rates during the second quarter of 2009.
 
Investments

Investment Valuation

We use an internationally recognized pricing service as our primary pricing source, and we generally do not obtain multiple prices for our financial instruments.  We generally use prices from the pricing service rather than broker quotes as we have documentation from the pricing service on the observable market inputs that they use to determine the prices in contrast to the broker quotes where we have limited information on the pricing inputs.

Our primary third party pricing service has policies and processes to ensure that they are using objectively verifiable observable market data.  The pricing service regularly reviews the evaluation inputs for securities covered, including broker quotes, executed trades and credit information, as applicable.  If the pricing service determines it does not have sufficient objectively verifiable information about a security’s valuation, they discontinue providing a valuation for the security.  The pricing service regularly publishes and updates a summary of inputs used in their valuations by major security type.  In addition, we have policies and procedures in place to review the process that is utilized by the third party pricing service and the output that is provided to ensure we are in agreement with the output provided by the pricing service.  On a periodic basis, we test the pricing for a sample of securities to evaluate the inputs and assumptions used by the pricing service.  In addition, we perform a check on prices provided by our primary pricing service to ensure that they are not stale or unreasonable by reviewing the prices for unusual changes from period to period based on certain parameters or for lack of change from one period to the next.  If such anomalies in the pricing are observed, we verify the price provided by our pricing service with another pricing source.

As of June 30, 2009, we only obtained multiple prices for 99 available-for-sale and trading securities.  These multiple prices were primarily related to instances where the vendor was providing a price for the first time and we also received a broker quote.  In these instances, we used the price from the pricing service due to the higher reliability as discussed above.

For certain available-for-sale and trading securities, such as synthetic convertibles, index-linked certificates of deposit and collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”), we obtain a broker quote when sufficient information, such as security structure or other market information, is not available to produce an evaluation.  The brokers are asked to provide prices at which they believe they would trade the security; however, the inputs used by the brokers are unknown.  Broker-quoted securities are adjusted based solely on receipt of updated quotes from market makers or broker-dealers recognized as market participants.  Generally, the price for a security on this list is based on a quote from a single broker or market maker.  As of June 30, 2009, we used broker quotes for 319 securities as our final price source.

For additional information, see “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates – Investments – Investment Valuation” in our 2008 Form 10-K.

Adoption of FSP FAS No. 115-2 and 124-2 – Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary-Impairments

We adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board Staff Position (“FSP”) FAS No. 115-2 and 124-2, “Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary-Impairments” (“FSP FAS 115-2”) for our debt securities effective January 1, 2009.  The adoption of FSP FAS 115-2 required that an OTTI loss be separated into the amount representing the decrease in cash flows expected to be collected (“credit loss”), which is recognized in earnings, and the amount related to all other factors (“noncredit loss”), which is recognized in other comprehensive income (“OCI”).  In addition, FSP FAS 115-2 replaces the requirement for management to assert that it has the intent and ability to hold an impaired security until recovery with the requirement that management assert that it does not have the intent to sell the security and that it is more likely than not that it will not be required to sell the security before recovery of its cost basis.


 
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We regularly review our AFS securities for declines in fair value that we determine to be other-than-temporary.  In accordance with FSP FAS 115-2, if we intend to sell a security and the market value of the security is below amortized cost, the amortized cost is written down to current fair value with a corresponding charge to realized loss on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss), as this is deemed a credit-related event.  If we do not intend to sell a security but believe we will not recover a security’s amortized cost, the amortized cost is written down to the estimated recovery value with a corresponding charge to realized loss on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss), as this is also deemed a credit-related event, and the remainder of the decline to fair value is recorded to OCI – unrealized OTTI on AFS securities on our Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, as this is considered a noncredit (i.e., recoverable) event.  The determination of our intent to sell a security is based upon whether we can assert that we do not have the intent to sell the security and if it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell the security before recovery of the security’s cost basis.  In making this determination, we evaluate facts and circumstances such as, but not limited to, decisions to reposition our security portfolio, sale of securities to meet cash flow needs and sales of securities to capitalize on favorable pricing.  The credit loss on a security is based upon our estimate of the decrease in expected cash flows or our best estimate of credit deterioration.
 
As a result of the adoption, we recorded a cumulative effect adjustment, resulting in an increase of $102 million to our opening balance of retained earnings with a corresponding decrease to accumulated OCI, to reclassify the noncredit portion of previously other-than-temporarily impaired debt securities.  In addition, the amortized cost basis of debt securities for which a noncredit OTTI loss was previously recognized was increased by $199 million, or the amount of the cumulative effect adjustment, pre-DAC, VOBA, DSI, DFEL and tax.  The fair value of our debt securities did not change as a result of the adoption.

We recognized an OTTI loss of $144 million and $280 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, of which $77 million and $155 million were recognized in net income on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) related to credit losses and $67 million and $125 million were recognized in OCI on our Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity related to noncredit losses, respectively.  For additional details, see “Investments” below and Notes 2 and 5.

Adoption of FSP FAS No. 157-4 – Determining Fair Value When the Volume and Level of Activity for the Asset or Liability Have Significantly Decreased and Identifying Transactions That Are Not Orderly

We adopted FSP FAS No. 157-4, “Determining Fair Value When the Volume and Level of Activity for the Asset or Liability Have Significantly Decreased and Identifying Transactions That Are Not Orderly” (“FSP FAS 157-4”), effective January 1, 2009.  FSP FAS 157-4 provides additional guidance on estimating fair value when the volume and level of activity for an asset or liability have significantly decreased in relation to normal market activity for the asset or liability and additional guidance on circumstances that may indicate that a transaction is not orderly.

FSP FAS 157-4 does not change the objective of a fair value measurement.  That is, even when there has been a significant decrease in market activity for a security, the fair value objective remains the same.  Fair value is the price that would be received to sell the security in an orderly transaction (i.e., not a forced liquidation or distressed sale), between market participants at the measurement date in the current inactive market (i.e., an “exit price” notion).

FSP FAS 157-4 provides additional guidance on estimating fair value when the volume and level of activity for an asset or liability have significantly decreased in relation to normal market activity for the asset or liability.  The FSP also provides additional guidance on circumstances that may indicate that a transaction is not orderly.  Specifically, the FSP provides factors that indicate that a market is not active, including:

·
Few recent transactions based on volume and level of activity in the market, therefore there is not sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis;
·
Price quotations are not based on current information;
·
Price quotations vary substantially either over time or among market makers;
·
Indexes that previously were highly correlated with the fair values of the asset are demonstrably uncorrelated with recent fair values;
·
Abnormal, or significant increases in, liquidity risk premiums or implied yields for quoted prices when compared with reasonable estimates using realistic assumptions of credit and other nonperformance risk for the asset class;
·
Abnormally wide bid-ask spread or significant increases in the bid-ask spread; and
·
Little information is released publicly.

After evaluating all factors and considering the significance and relevance of each factor, the reporting entity shall use its judgment in determining whether there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset when the market for that asset is not active.  The factors should be considered in relation to the normal market activity for the asset.


 
67

 

When the market for an asset or liability has exhibited a significant decrease in transaction volume when compared to normal market activity for the asset or liability (or similar assets and liabilities), additional analysis is required to ascertain whether or not observed transactions or quoted prices are reflective of fair values.  When there has been a significant decline in activity and a market is no longer active, the use of multiple valuation techniques (or a change in valuation technique) may be appropriate.  The circumstances that may indicate a transaction is not orderly could include:

·
The seller is in or near bankruptcy or receivership or the seller was required to sell the asset to meet regulatory requirements;
·
There was a usual and customary marketing period, but the seller marketed the asset to a single market participant; and
·
The transaction price is significantly different relative to other similar transactions.
 
Transactions that are deemed not orderly would not be determinative of fair value or of market participant risk premiums.  In estimating fair value, an entity should place more weight on transactions that it concludes are orderly.  Less weight should be placed on transactions that the reporting entity does not have sufficient information to conclude whether the transaction is orderly.
 
As of June 30, 2009, we evaluated the markets that our securities trade in and concluded that none were inactive.  We will continue to re-evaluate this conclusion, as needed, based on market conditions.

Derivatives

To protect us from a variety of equity market and interest rate risks that are inherent in many of our life insurance and annuity products, we use various derivative instruments.  Assessing the effectiveness of these hedging programs and evaluating the carrying values of the related derivatives often involve a variety of assumptions and estimates.  We use derivatives to hedge equity market risks, interest rate risk and foreign currency exposures that are embedded in our annuity and life insurance product liabilities or investment portfolios.  Derivatives held as of June 30, 2009, contain industry standard terms.  Our accounting policies for derivatives and the potential impact on interest spreads in a falling rate environment are discussed in “Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” and Note 6 of this report and “Part II Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” and Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements in our 2008 Form 10-K.

Guaranteed Living Benefits

We have a dynamic hedging strategy designed to mitigate selected risk and income statement volatility caused by changes in the equity markets, interest rates and market implied volatilities associated with the Lincoln SmartSecurity® Advantage guaranteed withdrawal benefit (“GWB”) feature and our i4LIFE® Advantage and 4LATER® Advantage guaranteed income benefit (“GIB”) features that are available in our variable annuity products.  In early January 2008, we added the GLB features that are available in our variable annuity products in our New York insurance subsidiary, LLANY, to our hedge program.  In February 2008, we also added our new GWB Lincoln Lifetime IncomeSM Advantage to our hedging program.  Our GIB and 4LATER® features have elements of both insurance benefits accounted for under SOP 03-1 and embedded derivatives accounted for under SFAS 133 and SFAS 157.  We weight these features and their associated reserves accordingly based on their hybrid nature.  In addition to mitigating selected risk and income statement volatility, the hedge program is also focused on a long-term goal of accumulating assets that could be used to pay claims under these benefits, recognizing that such claims are likely to begin no earlier than approximately a decade in the future.

If we were to experience unfavorable capital markets as we did late in 2008, then we would expect greater liabilities associated with the contractual guarantees.  However, the relationship between the components of the guarantees, namely, the embedded derivatives accounted for under SFAS 133 and the insurance benefits accounted for under SOP 03-1, is not linear.  As the exposure to net amount at risk increases, the relative portion of the projected benefits that is accounted for under SOP 03-1 increases relative to the portion that is accounted for under SFAS 133.

The hedging strategy is designed such that changes in the value of the hedge contracts move in the opposite direction of changes in the value of the embedded derivative portion of the GLB features.  This dynamic hedging strategy utilizes options on U.S.-based equity indices, futures on U.S.-based and international equity indices and variance swaps on U.S.-based equity indices, as well as interest rate futures and swaps.  The notional amounts of the underlying hedge instruments are such that the magnitude of the change in the value of the hedge instruments due to changes in equity markets, interest rates and implied volatilities is designed to offset the magnitude of the change in the fair value of the GLB guarantees caused by those same factors.  As of June 30, 2009, the fair value of the embedded derivative liability, before adjustment for the NPR factors required by SFAS 157, for GWB, the i4LIFE® Advantage GIB and the 4LATER® Advantage GIB were valued at $746 million, $350 million and $101 million, respectively.  See “Realized Loss – Operating Realized Gain (Loss) – GLB” for information on how we determine our NPR.

 


 
68

 

As part of our current hedging program, equity market, interest rate and market implied volatility conditions are monitored on a daily basis.  We rebalance our hedge positions based upon changes in these factors as needed.  While we actively manage our hedge positions, our hedge positions may not be totally effective to offset changes in the fair value embedded derivative liability caused by movements in these factors due to, among other things, differences in timing between when a market exposure changes and corresponding changes to the hedge positions, extreme swings in the equity markets, interest rates and market implied volatilities, realized market volatility, contract holder behavior, divergence between the performance of the underlying funds and the hedging indices, divergence between the actual and expected performance of the hedge instruments or our ability to purchase hedging instruments at prices consistent with our desired risk and return trade-off.  This hedging strategy is managed on a combined basis with the hedge for our GDB features.
 
For more information on our GDB hedging strategy, see “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates – Future Contract Benefits and Other Contract Holder Obligations – Guaranteed Death Benefits” in our 2008 Form 10-K.
 
As of June 30, 2009, the fair value of our derivative assets, which hedge both our GLB and GDB features, and including margins generated by futures contracts, was $1.5 billion.  As of June 30, 2009, the sum of all GLB liabilities at fair value and GDB reserves was $1.4 billion, comprised of $1.2 billion for GLB liabilities and $0.2 billion for the GDB reserves.  The fair value of the hedge assets exceeded the liabilities by $0.1 billion, which we believe indicates that the hedge strategy has performed well by providing funding for our best estimate of the present value of the liabilities related to our GLB and GDB features.  However, the relationship of hedge assets to the liabilities for the guarantees may vary in any given reporting period due to market conditions, hedge performance and/or changes to the hedging strategy.

Approximately 36% of our variable annuity account values contain a GWB rider as of June 30, 2009.  Declines in the equity markets increase our exposure to potential benefits under the GWB contracts, leading to an increase in our existing liability for those benefits.  For example, a GWB contract is “in the money” if the contract holder’s account balance falls below the guaranteed amount.  As of June 30, 2009, and June 30, 2008, 75% and 65%, respectively, of all GWB in-force contracts were “in the money,” and our exposure to the guaranteed amounts, after reinsurance, as of June 30, 2009, and June 30, 2008, was $4.0 billion and $894 million respectively.  Our exposure before reinsurance for these same periods was $4.5 billion and $1.0 billion, respectively.  However, the only way the GWB contract holder can monetize the excess of the guaranteed amount over the account value of the contract is upon death or through a series of withdrawals that do not exceed a specific percentage per year of the guaranteed amount.  If, after the series of withdrawals, the account value is exhausted, the contract holder will receive a series of annuity payments equal to the remaining guaranteed amount, and, for our lifetime GWB products, the annuity payments can continue beyond the guaranteed amount.  The account value can also fluctuate with equity market returns on a daily basis resulting in increases or decreases in the excess of the guaranteed amount over account value.

As a result of these factors, the ultimate amount to be paid by us related to GWB guarantees is uncertain and could be significantly more or less than $4.0 billion, net of reinsurance.  Our fair value estimates of the GWB liabilities, which are based on detailed models of future cash flows under a wide range of market-consistent scenarios, reflect a more comprehensive view of the related factors and represent our best estimate of the present value of these potential liabilities.  The market-consistent scenarios used in the determination of the fair value of the GWB liabilities are similar to those used by an investment bank to value derivatives for which the pricing is not transparent and the aftermarket is nonexistent or illiquid.  In our calculation, risk-neutral Monte Carlo simulations resulting in over 10 million scenarios are utilized to value the entire block of guarantees.  The market-consistent scenario assumptions, at each valuation date, are those we view to be appropriate for a hypothetical market participant.  The market consistent inputs include assumptions for the capital markets (e.g., implied volatilities, correlation among indices, risk-free swap curve, etc.), policyholder behavior (e.g., policy lapse, benefit utilization, mortality, etc.), risk margins, administrative expenses and a margin for profit.  We believe these assumptions are consistent with those that would be used by a market participant; however, as the related markets develop, we will continue to reassess our assumptions. It is possible that different valuation techniques and assumptions could produce a materially different estimate of fair value.

For information on our GLB hedging results, see our discussion in “Realized Loss” below.
 
 
69

 
Income Taxes

The application of GAAP requires us to evaluate the recoverability of our deferred tax assets and establish a valuation allowance, if necessary, to reduce our deferred tax asset to an amount that is more likely than not to be realizable.  Considerable judgment and the use of estimates are required in determining whether a valuation allowance is necessary, and if so, the amount of such valuation allowance.  In evaluating the need for a valuation allowance, we consider many factors, including:  the nature and character of the deferred tax assets and liabilities; taxable income in prior carryback years; future reversals of existing temporary differences; the length of time carryovers can be utilized; and any tax planning strategies we would employ to avoid a tax benefit from expiring unused.  Although realization is not assured, management believes it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets, including our capital loss deferred tax asset, will be realized.  For additional information on our income taxes, see Note 7 in this report and Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements in our 2008 Form 10-K.

Acquisitions and Dispositions

For information about acquisitions and divestitures, see Note 3 in this report and “Part I – Item 1. Business – Acquisitions and Dispositions” and Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements in our 2008 Form 10-K.

 
70

 

 
RESULTS OF CONSOLIDATED OPERATIONS

Net Income
 
Details underlying the consolidated results and assets under management (in millions) were as follows:
 
   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Revenues
                                   
Insurance premiums
  $ 542     $ 503       8 %   $ 1,050     $ 993       6 %
Insurance fees
    689       792       -13 %     1,393       1,560       -11 %
Investment advisory fees
    48       76       -37 %     92       152       -39 %
Net investment income
    971       1,057       -8 %     1,984       2,102       -6 %
Realized loss:
                                               
Total other-than-temporary impairment
                                               
losses on securities
    (221 )     (100 )  
NM
      (431 )     (158 )  
NM
 
Portion of loss recognized in other
                                               
comprehensive income
    103       -    
NM
      192       -    
NM
 
Net other-than-temporary impairment
                                               
losses on securities recognized in earnings
    (118 )     (100 )     -18 %     (239 )     (158 )     -51 %
Realized gain (loss), excluding other-than-
                                               
temporary impairment losses on securities
    (323 )     -    
NM
      (392 )     23    
NM
 
Total realized loss
    (441 )     (100 )  
NM
      (631 )     (135 )  
NM
 
Amortization of deferred gain on business sold
                                               
through reinsurance
    18       19       -5 %     37       38       -3 %
Other revenues and fees
    125       146       -14 %     227       291       -22 %
Total revenues
    1,952       2,493       -22 %     4,152       5,001       -17 %
Benefits and Expenses
                                               
Interest credited
    599       613       -2 %     1,226       1,224       0 %
Benefits
    583       655       -11 %     1,504       1,304       15 %
Underwriting, acquisition, insurance and
                                               
other expenses
    752       805       -7 %     1,458       1,577       -8 %
Interest and debt expense
    61       65       -6 %     61       140       -56 %
Impairment of intangibles
    (1 )     175    
NM
      602       175       244 %
Total benefits and expenses
    1,994       2,313       -14 %     4,851       4,420       10 %
Income (loss) from continuing operations
                                               
before taxes
    (42 )     180    
NM
      (699 )     581    
NM
 
Federal income tax expense (benefit)
    (41 )     68    
NM
      (114 )     187    
NM
 
Income (loss) from continuing
                                               
operations
    (1 )     112    
NM
      (585 )     394    
NM
 
Income (loss) from discontinued
                                               
operations, net of federal income
                                               
 taxes
    (160 )     13    
NM
      (155 )     20    
NM
 
Net income (loss)
  $ (161 )   $ 125    
NM
    $ (740 )   $ 414    
NM
 
 


 
71

 
 
   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Revenues
                                   
Operating revenues:
                                   
Retirement Solutions:
                                   
Annuities
  $ 437     $ 618       -29 %   $ 1,036     $ 1,241       -17 %
Defined Contribution
    215       239       -10 %     440       477       -8 %
Total Retirement Solutions
    652       857       -24 %     1,476       1,718       -14 %
Insurance Solutions:
                                               
Life Insurance
    1,003       1,088       -8 %     2,078       2,143       -3 %
Group Protection
    443       425       4 %     864       824       5 %
Total Insurance Solutions
    1,446       1,513       -4 %     2,942       2,967       -1 %
Investment Management
    92       125       -26 %     173       245       -29 %
Other Operations
    91       110       -17 %     177       227       -22 %
Excluded realized loss, pre-tax
    (330 )     (113 )  
NM
      (618 )     (158 )  
NM
 
Amortization of deferred gain arising from
                                               
reserve changes on business sold through
                                               
reinsurance, pre-tax
    1       1       0 %     2       2       0 %
Total revenues
  $ 1,952     $ 2,493       -22 %   $ 4,152     $ 5,001       -17 %
 
   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Net Income (Loss)
                                   
Income (loss) from operations:
                                   
Retirement Solutions:
                                   
Annuities
  $ 65     $ 116       -44 %   $ 139     $ 234       -41 %
Defined Contribution
    28       41       -32 %     57       81       -30 %
Total Retirement Solutions
    93       157       -41 %     196       315       -38 %
Insurance Solutions:
                                               
Life Insurance
    133       164       -19 %     275       321       -14 %
Group Protection
    34       32       6 %     59       58       2 %
Total Insurance Solutions
    167       196       -15 %     334       379       -12 %
Investment Management
    5       15       -67 %     6       27       -78 %
Other Operations
    (53 )     (44 )     -20 %     (159 )     (86 )     -85 %
Excluded realized loss, after-tax
    (214 )     (73 )  
NM
      (401 )     (103 )  
NM
 
Early extinguishment of debt
    -       -    
NM
      42       -    
NM
 
Income from reserve changes (net of related
                                               
amortization) on business sold through
                                               
reinsurance, after-tax
    -       -    
NM
      -       1       -100 %
Impairment of intangibles, after-tax
    1       (139 )     101 %     (603 )     (139 )  
NM
 
Income (loss) from continuing
                                               
operations, after-tax
    (1 )     112    
NM
      (585 )     394    
NM
 
Income (loss) from discontinued
                                               
 operations, after-tax
    (160 )     13    
NM
      (155 )     20    
NM
 
Net income (loss)
  $ (161 )   $ 125    
NM
    $ (740 )   $ 414    
NM
 


 
72

 


 
   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Deposits
                                   
Retirement Solutions:
                                   
Annuities
  $ 2,635     $ 3,436       -23 %   $ 4,832     $ 6,462       -25 %
Defined Contribution
    1,238       1,421       -13 %     2,813       2,972       -5 %
Insurance Solutions - Life Insurance
    1,020       1,062       -4 %     2,077       2,194       -5 %
Investment Management
    3,867       3,507       10 %     8,997       8,229       9 %
Consolidating adjustments (1)
    (1,012 )     (811 )     -25 %     (1,854 )     (2,394 )     23 %
Total deposits
  $ 7,748     $ 8,615       -10 %   $ 16,865     $ 17,463       -3 %
                                                 
Net Flows
                                               
Retirement Solutions:
                                               
Annuities
  $ 1,043     $ 1,589       -34 %   $ 1,473     $ 2,770       -47 %
Defined Contribution
    329       237       39 %     987       516       91 %
Insurance Solutions - Life Insurance
    540       677       -20 %     1,097       1,327       -17 %
Investment Management
    74       (1,471 )     105 %     285       (2,638 )     111 %
Consolidating adjustments (1)
    86       (24 )  
NM
      143       (89 )     261 %
Total net flows
  $ 2,072     $ 1,008       106 %   $ 3,985     $ 1,886       111 %

(1)
Consolidating adjustments represents the elimination of deposits and net flows on products affecting more than one segment.
 
   
As of June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Assets Under Management by Advisor
                 
Investment Management:
                 
External assets
  $ 49,395     $ 66,696       -26 %
Inter-segment assets
    77,286       74,992       3 %
Policy loans
    2,897       2,849       2 %
Assets administered through unaffiliated third parties
    51,196       66,951       -24 %
Total assets under management
  $ 180,774     $ 211,488       -15 %
 
Comparison of the Three Months Ended June 30, 2009 to 2008

Net income decreased due primarily to the following:
 
·
The $170 million loss on disposition of our Lincoln UK segment during the second quarter of 2009 (see Note 3 for additional information on the disposition of our discontinued operations);
·
Lower earnings from our variable annuity and mutual fund products and lower investment advisory fees as a result of declines in assets under management caused by decreases in the equity markets;
·
The overall unfavorable GLB net derivatives results, excluding unlocking, in the second quarter 2009, which was due to a reduction in the NPR component of the liability that is not included in the hedge program, partially offset by favorable hedge program effectiveness driven by strong underlying fund performance and by being modestly under hedged on interest rates as we adjust our hedge program to better align with statutory reserving (see “Realized Loss” below for more information on our GLB liability and derivative performance);
·
Lower net investment income attributable primarily to less favorable investment income on alternative investments, including investments supporting statutory surplus (“surplus investments”), due primarily to a deterioration of the capital markets (see “Consolidated Investments – Alternative Investments” below for additional information on our alternative investments) and higher cash balances related to our short-term liquidity strategy during the recent volatile markets that has reduced our portfolio yield;
 
 
 
 
73

 

·
Higher benefits due primarily to an increase in our expected GDB benefit payments from the decline in account values below guaranteed levels attributable to unfavorable equity markets and the increase in reserves for products with secondary guarantees from continued growth in the business; and
·
An increase in realized losses on our AFS securities.
 
The decrease in net income was partially offset by the following:

·
A $139 million impairment of goodwill and our Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) license intangible assets on our remaining radio clusters in the second quarter of 2008 attributable to declines in advertising revenues for the entire radio market;
·
A $23 million favorable retrospective unlocking of DAC, VOBA, DSI, DFEL and the reserves for annuity and life insurance products with living benefit and death benefit guarantees in the second quarter of 2009 due primarily to the decrease in the change in GDB reserves as a result of variable account growth, compared to a $4 million unfavorable retrospective unlocking in the second quarter of 2008 due primarily to lower premiums received and higher death claims, partially offset by higher investment income on alternative investments and prepayment and bond makewhole premiums than our model projections assumed; and
·
Lower underwriting, acquisition, insurance and other expenses due primarily to lower asset-based expenses as a result of declines in variable account values from a lower level of the equity markets for the second quarter of 2009, lower merger expenses as many of our integration efforts related to our acquisition of Jefferson-Pilot have been completed and the implementation of several expense management initiatives, partially offset by restructuring charges related to many of these initiatives.

Comparison of the Six Months Ended June 30, 2009 to 2008

Net income decreased due primarily to the following:
 
·
Impairment of goodwill in the first quarter of 2009 of $600 million for Retirement Solutions – Individual Annuities due to continued market volatility, the corresponding increase in discount rates and lower annuity sales compared to $139 million of impairment of goodwill and our FCC license intangible assets on our remaining radio clusters in the second quarter of 2008  attributable to declines in advertising revenues for the entire radio market (see “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” above for additional information on our goodwill impairment); however, these non-cash impairments did not impact our liquidity and will not impact our future liquidity;
·
The $170 million loss on disposition of our Lincoln UK segment during the second quarter of 2009 (see Note 3 for additional information on the disposition of our discontinued operations);
·
Lower earnings from our variable annuity and mutual fund products and lower investment advisory fees as a result of declines in assets under management caused by decreases in the equity markets;
·
Higher benefits due primarily to an increase in our expected GDB benefit payments from the decline in account values below guaranteed levels attributable to unfavorable equity markets and the increase in reserves for products with secondary guarantees from continued growth in the business;
·
A $107 million unfavorable retrospective unlocking of DAC, VOBA, DSI, DFEL and the reserves for annuity and life insurance products with living benefit and death benefit guarantees during the first six months of 2009 due primarily to the overall performance of our GLB derivative program (see “Realized Loss” below for more information on our GLB derivative performance) and the impact of lower equity market performance and higher lapses than our model projections assumed, compared to a $11 million unfavorable retrospective unlocking during the first six months of 2008 due primarily to lower premiums received and higher death claims than our model projections assumed and model adjustments on certain life insurance policies;
·
The overall unfavorable GLB net derivatives results, excluding unlocking, in the first six months of 2009, which was due to a reduction in the NPR component of the liability that is not included in the hedge program, partially offset by favorable hedge program effectiveness driven by strong underlying fund performance and by being modestly under hedged on interest rates as we adjust our hedge program to better align with statutory reserving (see “Realized Loss” below for more information on our GLB liability and derivative performance);
·
The $64 million unfavorable impact of the rescission of the reinsurance agreement on certain disability income business sold to Swiss Re in the first quarter of 2009, as discussed in “Reinsurance” below;
·
An increase in realized losses on our AFS securities; and
 
 
 
 
74

 

·
Lower net investment income attributable primarily to less favorable investment income on surplus and alternative investments due primarily to a deterioration of the capital markets (see “Consolidated Investments – Alternative Investments” below for additional information on our alternative investments) as well as holding higher cash balances related to our short-term liquidity strategy during the recent volatile markets that has reduced our portfolio yield.
 
The decrease in net income was partially offset by the following:

·
Lower DAC and VOBA amortization, net of interest and excluding unlocking, and lower asset-based expenses due primarily to declines in variable account values from unfavorable equity markets during the first six months of 2009;
·
A $42 million gain in the first quarter of 2009 associated with the early extinguishment of long-term debt;
·
A reduction in federal income tax expense due primarily to favorable tax return true-ups driven by the separate account DRD, foreign tax credit adjustments and other items;
·
Lower broker-dealer expenses due primarily to lower sales of non-proprietary products, lower merger expenses as many of our integration efforts related to our acquisition of Jefferson-Pilot have been completed and the implementation of several expense initiatives, partially offset by restructuring charges related to many of these initiatives; and
·
The $16 million impact of the initial adoption of SFAS 157 on January 1, 2008.

The foregoing items are discussed in further detail in results of operations by segment discussions and “Realized Loss” below.  In addition, for a discussion of the earnings impact of the equity markets, see “Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk – Equity Market Risk – Impact of Equity Market Sensitivity.”


 
75

 

RESULTS OF RETIREMENT SOLUTIONS

The Retirement Solutions business provides its products through two segments:  Annuities and Defined Contribution.  The Retirement Solutions – Annuities segment provides tax-deferred investment growth and lifetime income opportunities for its clients by offering individual fixed annuities, including indexed annuities, and variable annuities.  The Retirement Solutions – Defined Contribution segment provides employer-sponsored variable and fixed annuities and mutual-fund based programs in the 401(k), 403(b) and 457 marketplaces.

Retirement Solutions – Annuities

Income from Operations
 
Details underlying the results for Retirement Solutions – Annuities (in millions) were as follows:

   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Operating Revenues
                                   
Insurance premiums (1)
  $ 32     $ 19       68 %   $ 60     $ 51       18 %
Insurance fees
    194       257       -25 %     375       503       -25 %
Net investment income
    244       245       0 %     484       493       -2 %
Operating realized gain (loss) (2)
    (102 )     13    
NM
      (12 )     23    
NM
 
Other revenues and fees (3)
    69       84       -18 %     129       171       -25 %
Total operating revenues
    437       618       -29 %     1,036       1,241       -17 %
Operating Expenses
                                               
Interest credited
    164       163       1 %     325       325       0 %
Benefits (2)
    (57 )     35    
NM
      112       87       29 %
Underwriting, acquisition, insurance and other expenses
    254       268       -5 %     460       520       -12 %
Total operating expenses
    361       466       -23 %     897       932       -4 %
Income from operations before taxes
    76       152       -50 %     139       309       -55 %
Federal income tax expense
    11       36       -69 %     -       75       -100 %
Income from operations
  $ 65     $ 116       -44 %   $ 139     $ 234       -41 %
 
(1)
Insurance premiums includes primarily our single premium immediate annuities, which have a corresponding offset in benefits for changes in reserves.
(2)
The segment’s benefit ratio unlocking of its SOP 03-1 reserves was $(116) million and $(25) million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, respectively, driven by variable account growth, as compared to $3 million and $15 million in the corresponding periods of 2008; however, this impact is offset within operating realized gain (loss) as discussed below.
(3)
Other revenues and fees consists primarily of broker-dealer earnings that are subject to market volatility.


 
76

 

Comparison of the Three Months Ended June 30, 2009 to 2008
 
Income from operations for this segment decreased due primarily to the following:

·
Lower insurance fees driven primarily by lower average daily variable account values due to unfavorable equity markets;
·
Lower net investment income attributable primarily to higher cash balances related to our short-term liquidity strategy during the recent volatile markets that has reduced our portfolio yield by 33 basis points and a decline in investment income on surplus investments due primarily to less favorable investment income on alternative investments (see “Consolidated Investments – Alternative Investments” below for additional information), partially offset by net flows for fixed annuities, including the fixed portion of variable;
·
Higher benefits, net of benefit ratio unlocking in operating realized gain (loss), due primarily to an increase in our expected GDB benefit payments from the decline in account values below guaranteed levels attributable to unfavorable equity markets; and
·
Higher underwriting, acquisition, insurance and other expenses, excluding amortization of DAC and VOBA, due to higher expenses attributable to our U.S. pension plans (see discussion in “Additional Segment Information” below) and our stock-based incentive compensation awards being granted during the second quarter of 2009 as these awards were granted during the first quarter of 2008, partially offset by lower account-value-based trail commissions related to the impact of unfavorable equity markets on account values.

The decrease in income from operations was partially offset by a reduction in federal income tax expense due primarily to the decrease in earnings as our separate account DRD was essentially flat period over period.

Comparison of the Six Months Ended June 30, 2009 to 2008
 
Income from operations for this segment decreased due primarily to the following:

·
Lower insurance fees driven primarily by lower average daily variable account values due to unfavorable equity markets;
·
Higher benefits, net of benefit ratio unlocking in operating realized gain (loss), due primarily to an increase in our expected GDB benefit payments from the decline in account values below guaranteed levels attributable to unfavorable equity markets;
·
Lower net investment income attributable primarily to higher cash balances related to our short-term liquidity strategy during the recent volatile markets that has reduced our portfolio yield by 37 basis points and a decline in investment income on surplus investments due primarily to less favorable investment income on alternative investments (see “Consolidated Investments – Alternative Investments” below for additional information), partially offset by higher average fixed account values due to favorable fixed net flows since June 30, 2008;
·
A $2 million unfavorable retrospective unlocking of DAC, VOBA, DSI, DFEL and reserves for our guarantee riders during the first six months of 2009 due primarily to higher lapses, higher death benefit costs and the impact of lower equity market performance than our model projections assumed, compared to a $3 million favorable retrospective unlocking during the first six months of 2008 due primarily to the impact of higher equity market performance than our model projections assumed; and
·
A less favorable net broker-dealer margin attributable primarily to lower sales of non-proprietary products and lower earnings due to lower production levels.

The decrease in income from operations was partially offset by the following:

·
A reduction in federal income tax expense due primarily to favorable tax return true-ups driven by the separate account DRD, foreign tax credit adjustments and other items; and
·
Lower underwriting, acquisition, insurance and other expenses, excluding unlocking, due primarily to lower DAC and VOBA amortization, net of interest, lower account value-based trail commissions and other expenses driven by the declines in our variable account values from unfavorable equity markets and the implementation of several expense management controls and practices that are focused on expense reduction initiatives.

Additional Segment Information

In the third quarter of each year, we conduct our annual comprehensive review of the assumptions and models used for our estimates of future gross profits underlying the amortization of DAC, VOBA, DSI and DFEL and the calculations of the embedded derivatives and reserves for annuity products with living benefit and death benefit guarantees.  See “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates – DAC, VOBA, DSI and DFEL” in our 2008 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion of our “prospective unlocking” process.

 
77

 

As a result of improvement in the capital markets and our recently executed capital plan, we expect to reduce our liquidity position by investing excess cash to a more historical normal level, which will improve our yields and levels of net investment income.

We experienced higher expenses attributable to our U.S. pension plans (see “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates – Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans” in our 2008 Form 10-K) during the first six months of 2009, and the second half of 2009 will continue this unfavorable trend when compared to the corresponding period in 2008.

Although the segment’s results during the first six months of 2009 were unfavorably impacted by declining account values and the economic environment, its overall net flows were strong in a challenging economic environment.  New deposits are an important component of net flows and key to our efforts to grow our business.  Although deposits do not significantly impact current period income from operations, they are an important indicator of future profitability.

The other component of net flows relates to the retention of the business.  An important measure of retention is the lapse rate, which compares the amount of withdrawals to the average account values.  The overall lapse rates for our annuity products were 8% and 9% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, compared to 8% for the corresponding periods in 2008.  Although lapse rates for the six months ended June 30, 2009, have risen due primarily to the challenging economic environment, the overall increase is relatively moderate and still falls within pricing parameters.

See Note 9 above for information on contractual guarantees to contract holders related to GDB features.

We expect to manage the effect of changing market investment returns by managing interest rate spreads for near-term income from operations through a combination of crediting rate actions and portfolio management.  Our expectation includes the assumption that there are no significant changes in net flows in or out of our fixed accounts or other changes that may cause interest rate spreads to differ from our expectation.

Our fixed annuity business includes products with crediting rates that are reset on an annual basis and are not subject to surrender charges.  Account values for these products, including the fixed portion of variable, were $7.1 billion as of June 30, 2009, with 67% already at their minimum guaranteed rates.  The average crediting rates for these products were approximately 37 basis points in excess of average minimum guaranteed rates.  Our ability to retain annual reset annuities will be subject to current competitive conditions at the time interest rates for these products reset.  For information on interest rate spreads and the interest rate risk due to falling interest rates, see “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk – Interest Rate Risk on Fixed Insurance Business – Falling Rates” in our 2008 Form 10-K.

For factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth in this section, see “Part I – Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2008 Form 10-K, as updated in Part II – Item 1A. Risk Factors” below, and “Forward-Looking Statements – Cautionary Language” in this report.

We provide information about this segment’s operating revenue and operating expense line items, the period in which amounts are recognized, key drivers of changes and historical details underlying the line items and their associated drivers below.  For detail on the operating realized gain (loss), see “Realized Loss” below.


 
78

 

Insurance Fees

Details underlying insurance fees, account values and net flows (in millions) were as follows:

   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Insurance Fees
                                   
Mortality, expense and other assessments
  $ 200     $ 257       -22 %   $ 381     $ 503       -24 %
Surrender charges
    9       9       0 %     18       19       -5 %
DFEL:
                                               
Deferrals
    (12 )     (13 )     8 %     (23 )     (25 )     8 %
Retrospective unlocking
    (17 )     1    
NM
      (9 )     -    
NM
 
Amortization, net of interest, excluding
                                               
unlocking
    14       3    
NM
      8       6       33 %
Total insurance fees
  $ 194     $ 257       -25 %   $ 375     $ 503       -25 %
 
   
As of June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Account Values
                 
Variable portion of variable annuities
  $ 45,523     $ 55,855       -18 %
Fixed portion of variable annuities
    3,899       3,478       12 %
Total variable annuities
    49,422       59,333       -17 %
Fixed annuities, including indexed
    14,697       14,321       3 %
Fixed annuities ceded to reinsurers
    (1,065 )     (1,255 )     15 %
Total fixed annuities
    13,632       13,066       4 %
Total account values
  $ 63,054     $ 72,399       -13 %
 
   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Averages
                                   
Daily variable account values, excluding the fixed
                                   
 portion of variable
  $ 43,828     $ 57,763       -24 %   $ 41,445     $ 56,541       -27 %
                                                 
Daily S&P 500
    893.53       1,371.26       -35 %     852.32       1,360.21       -37 %
 
 
79

 
 
   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Net Flows on Account Values
                                   
Variable portion of variable annuity deposits
  $ 857     $ 2,065       -58 %   $ 1,691     $ 3,931       -57 %
Variable portion of variable annuity withdrawals
    (950 )     (1,229 )     23 %     (1,950 )     (2,488 )     22 %
Variable portion of variable annuity net flows
    (93 )     836    
NM
      (259 )     1,443    
NM
 
Fixed portion of variable annuity deposits
    878       878       -       1,638       1,734       -6 %
Fixed portion of variable annuity withdrawals
    (134 )     (110 )     -22 %     (290 )     (234 )     -24 %
Fixed portion of variable annuity net flows
    744       768       -3 %     1,348       1,500       -10 %
Total variable annuity deposits
    1,735       2,943       -41 %     3,329       5,665       -41 %
Total variable annuity withdrawals
    (1,084 )     (1,339 )     19 %     (2,240 )     (2,722 )     18 %
Total variable annuity net flows
    651       1,604       -59 %     1,089       2,943       -63 %
Fixed indexed annuity deposits
    651       356       83 %     1,018       574       77 %
Fixed indexed annuity withdrawals
    (187 )     (102 )     -83 %     (401 )     (186 )  
NM
 
Fixed indexed annuity net flows
    464       254       83 %     617       388       59 %
Other fixed annuity deposits
    249       137       82 %     485       223       117 %
Other fixed annuity withdrawals
    (321 )     (406 )     21 %     (718 )     (784 )     8 %
Other fixed annuity net flows
    (72 )     (269 )     73 %     (233 )     (561 )     58 %
Total annuity deposits
    2,635       3,436       -23 %     4,832       6,462       -25 %
Total annuity withdrawals
    (1,592 )     (1,847 )     14 %     (3,359 )     (3,692 )     9 %
Total annuity net flows
  $ 1,043     $ 1,589       -34 %   $ 1,473     $ 2,770       -47 %
 
   
For the Three
     
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
     
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
     
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
 
Change
 
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Other Changes to Account Values
                               
Interest credited and change in market value on
                               
variable, excluding the fixed portion of variable
  $ 5,733     $ (744 )
NM
  $ 3,717     $ (5,502 )     168 %
Transfers from the fixed portion of variable
                                         
annuity products to the variable portion of
                                         
variable annuity products
    582       797  
-27
  1,140       1,476       -23 %
 
We charge contract holders mortality and expense assessments on variable annuity accounts to cover insurance and administrative expenses.  These assessments are a function of the rates priced into the product and the average daily variable account values.  Average daily account values are driven by net flows and the equity markets.  In addition, for our fixed annuity contracts and for some variable contracts, we collect surrender charges when contract holders surrender their contracts during their surrender charge periods to protect us from premature withdrawals.  Insurance fees include charges on both our variable and fixed annuity products, but exclude the attributed fees on our GLB products; see “Realized Loss – Operating Realized Gain (Loss) – GLB” below for discussion of these attributed fees.


 
80

 

Net Investment Income and Interest Credited

Details underlying net investment income, interest credited (in millions) and our interest rate spread were as follows:


   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Net Investment Income
                                   
Fixed maturity securities, mortgage loans on real
                                   
estate and other, net of investment expenses
  $ 235     $ 224       5 %   $ 458     $ 453       1 %
Commercial mortgage loan prepayment and bond
                                               
makewhole premiums (1)
    -       -    
NM
      1       1       0 %
Alternative investments (2)
    -       -    
NM
      (1 )     (1 )     0 %
Surplus investments (3)
    9       20       -55 %     26       38       -32 %
Broker-dealer
    -       1       -100 %     -       2       -100 %
Total net investment income
  $ 244     $ 245       0 %   $ 484     $ 493       -2 %
                                                 
Interest Credited
                                               
Amount provided to contract holders
  $ 172     $ 180       -4 %   $ 343     $ 363       -6 %
DSI deferrals
    (19 )     (26 )     27 %     (34 )     (52 )     35 %
Interest credited before DSI amortization
    153       154       -1 %     309       311       -1 %
DSI amortization:
                                               
Retrospective unlocking
    (7 )     -    
NM
      (2 )     -    
NM
 
Amortization, excluding unlocking
    18       9       100 %     18       14       29 %
Total interest credited
  $ 164     $ 163       1 %   $ 325     $ 325       0 %
 
(1)
See “Consolidated Investments – Commercial Mortgage Loan Prepayment and Bond Makewhole Premiums” below for additional information.
(2)
See “Consolidated Investments – Alternative Investments” below for additional information.
(3)
Represents net investment income on the required statutory surplus for this segment and includes the impact of investment income on alternative investments for such assets that are held in the portfolios supporting statutory surplus versus the portfolios supporting product liabilities.
 
   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
   
Basis
   
Months Ended
   
Basis
 
   
June 30,
   
Point
   
June 30,
   
Point
 
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Interest Rate Spread
                                   
Fixed maturity securities, mortgage loans on real
                                   
estate and other, net of investment expenses
    5.44 %     5.88 %     (44 )     5.36 %     5.86 %     (50 )
Commercial mortgage loan prepayment and
                                               
bond make whole premiums
    0.01 %     0.00 %     1       0.01 %     0.02 %     (1 )
Alternative investments
    0.00 %     -0.01 %     1       -0.01 %     -0.01 %     -  
Net investment income yield on reserves
    5.45 %     5.87 %     (42 )     5.36 %     5.87 %     (51 )
Interest rate credited to contract holders (1)
    3.63 %     3.73 %     (10 )     3.73 %     3.77 %     (4 )
Interest rate spread
    1.82 %     2.14 %     (32 )     1.63 %     2.10 %     (47 )
 
(1)
During the second quarter of 2009, we corrected a first quarter of 2009 misclassification between benefits and interest credited that resulted in a decreased crediting rate for the second quarter of 2009.  This misclassification did not impact the results for the first six months of 2009.

Note:  The yields, rates and spreads above are calculated using whole dollars instead of dollars rounded to millions.

 
81

 

 
   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Other Information
                                   
Average invested assets on reserves
  $ 17,249     $ 15,743       10 %   $ 17,082     $ 15,729       9 %
Average fixed account values, including the
                                               
fixed portion of variable
    17,728       17,373       2 %     17,453       17,343       1 %
Transfers from the fixed portion of variable
                                               
annuity products to the variable portion of
                                               
variable annuity products
    (582 )     (797 )     27 %     (1,140 )     (1,476 )     23 %
Net flows for fixed annuities, including the
                                               
fixed portion of variable
    1,136       753       51 %     1,732       1,327       31 %

A portion of our investment income earned is credited to the contract holders of our fixed annuity products, including the fixed portion of variable annuity contracts.  We expect to earn a spread between what we earn on the underlying general account investments supporting the fixed annuity product line, including the fixed portion of variable annuity contracts, and what we credit to our fixed annuity contract holders’ accounts, including the fixed portion of variable annuity contracts.  The interest rate spread for this segment represents the excess of the yield on invested assets on reserves over the average crediting rate.  The yield on invested assets on reserves is calculated as net investment income, excluding the amounts attributable to our surplus investments, reverse repurchase agreement interest expense, inter-segment cash management program interest expense and interest on collateral divided by average invested assets on reserves.  The average invested assets on reserves is calculated based upon total invested assets, excluding hedge derivatives and collateral.  The average crediting rate is calculated as interest credited before DSI amortization, plus the immediate annuity reserve change (included within benefits) divided by the average fixed account values, including the fixed portion of variable annuity contracts, net of coinsured account values.  Fixed account values reinsured under modified coinsurance agreements are included in account values for this calculation.  Changes in commercial mortgage loan prepayments and bond makewhole premiums, investment income on alternative investments and surplus investment income can vary significantly from period to period due to a number of factors and, therefore, may contribute to investment income results that are not indicative of the underlying trends.
 
Benefits

Benefits for this segment include changes in reserves on immediate annuity account values driven by premiums, changes in reserves on GDBs and changes in the reserves for the SOP 03-1 portion of the GLB reserves.
 
The changes in reserves attributable to the segment’s benefit ratio unlocking of its SOP 03-1 reserves for GDB riders is offset in operating realized gain (loss).  See “Realized Loss – Operating Realized Gain (Loss) – GDB” below for additional information.


 
82

 
 
Underwriting, Acquisition, Insurance and Other Expenses

Details underlying underwriting, acquisition, insurance and other expenses (in millions) were as follows:

   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Underwriting, Acquisition, Insurance and
                                   
Other Expenses
                                   
Total expenses incurred, excluding broker-dealer
  $ 239     $ 272       -12 %   $ 440     $ 527       -17 %
DAC and VOBA deferrals
    (158 )     (192 )     18 %     (286 )     (364 )     21 %
Total pre-broker-dealer expenses incurred,
                                               
excluding amortization, net of interest
    81       80       1 %     154       163       -6 %
DAC and VOBA amortization, net of interest:
                                               
Retrospective unlocking
    (77 )     -    
NM
      (15 )     -    
NM
 
Amortization, net of interest, excluding unlocking
    180       102       76 %     185       180       3 %
Broker-dealer expenses incurred
    70       86       -19 %     136       177       -23 %
Total underwriting, acquisition, insurance
                                               
and other expenses
  $ 254     $ 268       -5 %   $ 460     $ 520       -12 %
                                                 
DAC and VOBA Deferrals
                                               
As a percentage of sales/deposits
    6.0 %     5.6 %             5.9 %     5.6 %        

Commissions and other costs that vary with and are related primarily to the production of new business are deferred to the extent recoverable and are amortized over the lives of the contracts in relation to estimated gross profits (“EGPs”).  We have certain trail commissions that are based upon account values that are expensed as incurred rather than deferred and amortized.

Broker-dealer expenses that vary with and are related to sales are expensed as incurred and not deferred and amortized.  Fluctuations in these expenses correspond with fluctuations in other revenues and fees.


 
83

 

Retirement Solutions Defined Contribution

Income from Operations
 
Details underlying the results for Retirement Solutions – Defined Contribution (in millions) were as follows:

   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Operating Revenues
                                   
Insurance fees
  $ 45     $ 61       -26 %   $ 85     $ 122       -30 %
Net investment income
    176       175       1 %     351       346       1 %
Operating realized loss (1)
    (9 )     -    
NM
      (1 )     -    
NM
 
Other revenues and fees
    3       3       0 %     5       9       -44 %
Total operating revenues
    215       239       -10 %     440       477       -8 %
Operating Expenses
                                               
Interest credited
    112       107       5 %     223       213       5 %
Benefits (1)
    (12 )     -    
NM
      (4 )     -    
NM
 
Underwriting, acquisition, insurance and other
                                               
expenses
    76       75       1 %     147       152       -3 %
Total operating expenses
    176       182       -3 %     366       365       0 %
Income from operations before taxes
    39       57       -32 %     74       112       -34 %
Federal income tax expense
    11       16       -31 %     17       31       -45 %
Income from operations
  $ 28     $ 41       -32 %   $ 57     $ 81       -30 %
 
(1)
The segment’s benefit ratio unlocking of its SOP 03-1 reserves was $(11) million and $(3) million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, respectively, driven by variable account growth, as compared to none in the corresponding periods of 2008; however, this impact is offset within operating realized gain (loss) as discussed below.

Comparison of the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2009 to 2008
 
Income from operations for this segment decreased due primarily to the following:
 
·
Lower insurance fees driven primarily by lower average daily variable account values resulting from the unfavorable equity markets and an overall shift in business mix toward products with lower expense assessment rates; and
·
Higher interest credited driven primarily by higher average fixed account values, including the fixed portion of variable annuity contracts, driven by transfers from variable to fixed since the second quarter of 2008.

The decrease in income from operations for the six months ended June 30, 2009, was partially offset by the following:

·
Lower underwriting, acquisition, insurance and other expenses, excluding unlocking, due primarily to lower DAC and VOBA amortization, net of interest, driven by the declines in our variable account values from unfavorable equity markets;
·
A reduction in federal income tax expense due primarily to favorable tax return true-ups driven by the separate account DRD, foreign tax credit adjustments and other items; and
·
Higher net investment income driven primarily by higher average fixed account values, including the fixed portion of variable annuity contracts, driven by transfers from variable to fixed, partially offset by our liquidity strategy of maintaining higher cash balances during the recent volatile markets that has reduced our portfolio yield by 17 basis points and a decline in investment income on surplus investments due primarily to less favorable investment income on alternative investments (see “Consolidated Investments – Alternative Investments” below for additional information).

 
84

 

Additional Segment Information

In the third quarter of each year, we conduct our annual comprehensive review of the assumptions and models used for our estimates of future gross profits underlying the amortization of DAC, VOBA, DSI and the calculations of the embedded derivatives and reserves for annuity products with living benefit and death benefit guarantees.  See “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates – DAC, VOBA, DSI and DFEL” in our 2008 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion of our “prospective unlocking” process.

As a result of improvement in the capital markets and our recently executed capital plan, we expect to reduce our liquidity position by investing excess cash to a more historical normal level, which will improve our yields and levels of net investment income.

We experienced higher expenses attributable to our U.S. pension plans (see “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates – Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans” in our 2008 Form 10-K) during the first six months of 2009, and the second half of 2009 will continue this unfavorable trend when compared to the corresponding period in 2008.

New deposits are an important component of net flows and key to our efforts to grow our business.  Although deposits do not significantly impact current period income from operations, they are an important indicator of future profitability.

The other component of net flows relates to the retention of the business.  An important measure of retention is the lapse rate, which compares the amount of withdrawals to the average account values.  The overall lapse rates for our annuity products were 12% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, compared to 13% and 15% for the corresponding periods in 2008.

Due to an expected overall shift in business mix towards products with lower expense assessment rates, a substantial increase in new deposit production will be necessary to maintain earnings at current levels.

See Note 9 above for information on contractual guarantees to contract holders related to GDB features.

We expect to manage the effect of changing market investment returns by managing interest rate spreads for near-term income from operations through a combination of crediting rate actions and portfolio management.  Our expectation includes the assumption that there are no significant changes in net flows in or out of our fixed accounts or other changes that may cause interest rate spreads to differ from our expectation.  For information on interest rate spreads and the interest rate risk due to falling interest rates, see “Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”

For factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth in this section, see “Part I – Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2008 Form 10-K, as updated in “Part II – Item 1A. Risk Factors” below, and “Forward-Looking Statements – Cautionary Language” in this report.

We provide information about this segment’s operating revenue and operating expense line items, the period in which amounts are recognized, key drivers of changes and historical details underlying the line items and their associated drivers below.  For detail on the operating realized loss, see “Realized Loss” below.

 
85

 

Insurance Fees

Details underlying insurance fees, account values and net flows (in millions) were as follows:


   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Insurance Fees
                                   
Annuity expense assessments
  $ 39     $ 55       -29 %   $ 73     $ 110       -34 %
Mutual fund fees
    5       5       0 %     10       9       11 %
Total expense assessments
    44       60       -27 %     83       119       -30 %
Surrender charges
    1       1       0 %     2       3       -33 %
Total insurance fees
  $ 45     $ 61       -26 %   $ 85     $ 122       -30 %


   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Averages
                                   
Daily variable account values, excluding the
                                   
 fixed portion of variable
  $ 10,768     $ 16,892       -36 %   $ 10,309     $ 16,766       -39 %
                                                 
Daily S&P 500
    893.53       1,371.26       -35 %     852.32       1,360.21       -37 %


   
As of June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Account Values
                 
Variable portion of variable annuities
  $ 11,102     $ 16,195       -31 %
Fixed portion of variable annuities
    6,191       6,073       2 %
Total variable annuities
    17,293       22,268       -22 %
Fixed annuities
    5,879       5,221       13 %
Total annuities
    23,172       27,489       -16 %
Mutual funds
    8,155       7,552       8 %
Total annuities and mutual funds
  $ 31,327     $ 35,041       -11 %


 
86

 


 
   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Account Value Roll Forward – By Product
                                   
Total Micro – Small Segment (1):
                                   
Balance at beginning-of-period
  $ 4,710     $ 7,218       -35 %   $ 4,888     $ 7,798       -37 %
Gross deposits
    256       389       -34 %     562       887       -37 %
Withdrawals and deaths
    (268 )     (395 )     32 %     (534 )     (964 )     45 %
Net flows
    (12 )     (6 )     -100 %     28       (77 )     136 %
Transfers between fixed and variable accounts
    -       -    
NM
      (4 )     (12 )     67 %
Investment increase and change in market value
    536       74    
NM
      322       (423 )     176 %
Balance at end-of-period
  $ 5,234     $ 7,286       -28 %   $ 5,234     $ 7,286       -28 %
                                                 
Total Mid – Large Segment (1):
                                               
Balance at beginning-of-period
  $ 9,920     $ 9,621       3 %   $ 9,540     $ 9,463       1 %
Gross deposits
    757       748       1 %     1,783       1,517       18 %
Withdrawals and deaths
    (234 )     (299 )     22 %     (467 )     (458 )     -2 %
Net flows
    523       449       16 %     1,316       1,059       24 %
Transfers between fixed and variable accounts
    (63 )     (11 )  
NM
      (76 )     (40 )     -90 %
Investment increase and change in market value
    1,045       (74 )  
NM
      645       (497 )     230 %
Balance at end-of-period
  $ 11,425     $ 9,985       14 %   $ 11,425     $ 9,985       14 %
                                                 
Total Multi-Fund® and Other Variable Annuities:
                                               
Balance at beginning-of-period
  $ 13,863     $ 17,924       -23 %   $ 14,450     $ 18,797       -23 %
Gross deposits
    225       284       -21 %     468       568       -18 %
Withdrawals and deaths
    (407 )     (490 )     17 %     (824 )     (1,034 )     20 %
Net flows
    (182 )     (206 )     12 %     (356 )     (466 )     24 %
Transfers between fixed and variable accounts
    -       -    
NM
      (1 )     -    
NM
 
Inter-segment transfer
    -       -    
NM
      -       295       -100 %
Investment increase and change in market value
    987       52    
NM
      575       (856 )     167 %
Balance at end-of-period
  $ 14,668     $ 17,770       -17 %   $ 14,668     $ 17,770       -17 %
                                                 
Total Annuities and Mutual Funds:
                                               
Balance at beginning-of-period
  $ 28,493     $ 34,763       -18 %   $ 28,878     $ 36,058       -20 %
Gross deposits
    1,238       1,421       -13 %     2,813       2,972       -5 %
Withdrawals and deaths
    (909 )     (1,184 )     23 %     (1,825 )     (2,456 )     26 %
Net flows
    329       237       39 %     988       516       91 %
Transfers between fixed and variable accounts
    (63 )     (11 )  
NM
      (81 )     (52 )     -56 %
Inter-segment transfer
    -       -    
NM
      -       295       -100 %
Investment increase and change in market value
    2,568       52    
NM
      1,542       (1,776 )     187 %
Balance at end-of-period (2)
  $ 31,327     $ 35,041       -11 %   $ 31,327     $ 35,041       -11 %
 
(1)
On September 30, 2008, $653 million relating to the Lincoln Employee 401(k) Plan transferred from LINCOLN DIRECTORSM to LINCOLN ALLIANCE®.
(2)
Includes mutual fund account values.  Mutual funds are not included in the separate accounts reported on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as we do not have any ownership interest in them.

 
87

 
 
   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Net Flows on Account Values
                                   
Variable portion of variable annuity deposits
  $ 375     $ 561       -33 %   $ 800     $ 1,235       -35 %
Variable portion of variable annuity withdrawals
    (423 )     (646 )     35 %     (842 )     (1,479 )     43 %
Variable portion of variable annuity net flows
    (48 )     (85 )     44 %     (42 )     (244 )     83 %
Fixed portion of variable annuity deposits
    88       93       -5 %     187       185       1 %
Fixed portion of variable annuity withdrawals
    (199 )     (182 )     -9 %     (401 )     (392 )     -2 %
Fixed portion of variable annuity net flows
    (111 )     (89 )     -25 %     (214 )     (207 )     -3 %
Total variable annuity deposits
    463       654       -29 %     987       1,420       -30 %
Total variable annuity withdrawals
    (622 )     (828 )     25 %     (1,243 )     (1,871 )     34 %
Total variable annuity net flows
    (159 )     (174 )     9 %     (256 )     (451 )     43 %
Fixed annuity deposits
    341       187       82 %     658       427       54 %
Fixed annuity withdrawals
    (155 )     (198 )     22 %     (341 )     (358 )     5 %
Fixed annuity net flows
    186       (11 )  
NM
      317       69    
NM
 
Total annuity deposits
    804       841       -4 %     1,645       1,847       -11 %
Total annuity withdrawals
    (777 )     (1,026 )     24 %     (1,584 )     (2,229 )     29 %
Total annuity net flows
    27       (185 )     115 %     61       (382 )     116 %
Mutual fund deposits
    434       580       -25 %     1,168       1,125       4 %
Mutual fund withdrawals
    (132 )     (158 )     16 %     (241 )     (227 )     -6 %
Mutual fund net flows
    302       422       -28 %     927       898       3 %
Total annuity and mutual fund deposits
    1,238       1,421       -13 %     2,813       2,972       -5 %
Total annuity and mutual fund
                                               
withdrawals
    (909 )     (1,184 )     23 %     (1,825 )     (2,456 )     26 %
Total annuity and mutual fund
                                               
net flows
  $ 329     $ 237       39 %   $ 988     $ 516       91 %
 
   
For the Three
     
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
     
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
     
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
 
Change
 
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Other Changes to Account Values
                               
Interest credited and change in market value on
                               
variable, excluding the fixed portion of variable
  $ 1,448     $ 47  
NM
  $ 741     $ (1,442 )     151 %
Transfers from the fixed portion of variable
                                         
annuity products to the variable portion of
                                         
variable annuity products
    (19 )     (58 )
67
  (185 )     (202 )     8 %
 
We charge expense assessments to cover insurance and administrative expenses.  Expense assessments are generally equal to a percentage of the daily variable account values.  Average daily account values are driven by net flows and the equity markets.  Our expense assessments include fees we earn for the services that we provide to our mutual fund programs.  In addition, for both our fixed and variable annuity contracts, we collect surrender charges when contract holders surrender their contracts during the surrender charge periods to protect us from premature withdrawals.

 
88

 

Net Investment Income and Interest Credited

Details underlying net investment income, interest credited (in millions) and our interest rate spread were as follows:
 
   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Net Investment Income
                                   
Fixed maturity securities, mortgage loans on real
                                   
estate and other, net of investment expenses
  $ 172     $ 164       5 %   $ 336     $ 324       4 %
Commercial mortgage loan prepayment and
                                               
bond makewhole premiums (1)
    -       1       -100 %     -       2       -100 %
Alternative investments (2)
    (1 )     (1 )     0 %     (1 )     (2 )     50 %
Surplus investments (3)
    5       11       -55 %     16       22       -27 %
Total net investment income
  $ 176     $ 175       1 %   $ 351     $ 346       1 %
                                                 
Interest Credited
  $ 112     $ 107       5 %   $ 223     $ 213       5 %
 
(1)
See “Consolidated Investments – Commercial Mortgage Loan Prepayment and Bond Makewhole Premiums” below for additional information.
(2)
See “Consolidated Investments – Alternative Investments” below for additional information.
(3)
Represents net investment income on the required statutory surplus for this segment and includes the impact of investment income on alternative investments for such assets that are held in the portfolios supporting statutory surplus versus the portfolios supporting product liabilities.
 
   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
   
Basis
   
Months Ended
   
Basis
 
   
June 30,
   
Point
   
June 30,
   
Point
 
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Interest Rate Spread
                                   
Fixed maturity securities, mortgage loans on real
                                   
estate and other, net of investment expenses
    5.79 %     5.89 %     (10 )     5.74 %     5.90 %     (16 )
Commercial mortgage loan prepayment and
                                               
bond makewhole premiums
    0.01 %     0.05 %     (4 )     0.01 %     0.04 %     (3 )
Alternative investments
    -0.02 %     -0.03 %     1       -0.01 %     -0.03 %     2  
Net investment income yield on reserves
    5.78 %     5.91 %     (13 )     5.74 %     5.91 %     (17 )
Interest rate credited to contract holders
    3.73 %     3.80 %     (7 )     3.76 %     3.80 %     (4 )
Interest rate spread
    2.05 %     2.11 %     (6 )     1.98 %     2.11 %     (13 )
 
Note:  The yields, rates and spreads above are calculated using whole dollars instead of dollars rounded to millions.

 
89

 
 
   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Other Information
                                   
Average invested assets on reserves
  $ 11,787     $ 11,067       7 %   $ 11,695     $ 10,978       7 %
Average fixed account values, including the
                                               
fixed portion of variable
    12,002       11,266       7 %     11,888       11,191       6 %
Transfers from the fixed portion of variable
                                               
annuity products to the variable portion of
                                               
variable annuity products
    19       58       -67 %     185       202       -8 %
Net flows for fixed annuities, including the
                                               
fixed portion of variable
    75       (100 )     175 %     103       (138 )     175 %

A portion of our investment income earned is credited to the contract holders of our fixed annuity products, including the fixed portion of variable annuity contracts.  We expect to earn a spread between what we earn on the underlying general account investments supporting the fixed annuity product line, including the fixed portion of variable annuity contracts, and what we credit to our fixed annuity contract holders’ accounts, including the fixed portion of variable annuity contracts.  The interest rate spread for this segment represents the excess of the yield on invested assets on reserves over the average crediting rate.  The yield on invested assets on reserves is calculated as net investment income, excluding the amounts attributable to our surplus investments, reverse repurchase agreement interest expense, inter-segment cash management program interest expense and interest on collateral, divided by average invested assets on reserves.  The average invested assets on reserves are calculated based upon total invested assets, excluding hedge derivatives.  The average crediting rate is calculated as interest credited before DSI amortization, divided by the average fixed account values, including the fixed portion of variable annuity contracts.  Commercial mortgage loan prepayments and bond makewhole premiums, investment income on alternative investments and surplus investment income can vary significantly from period to period due to a number of factors and, therefore, may contribute to investment income results that are not indicative of the underlying trends.
 
Benefits

Benefits for this segment include changes in reserves on GDBs and changes in the reserves for the SOP 03-1 portion of GLB reserves.
 
The changes in reserves attributable to the segment’s benefit ratio unlocking of its SOP 03-1 reserves for GDB riders is offset in operating realized loss.  See “Realized Loss – Operating Realized Gain (Loss) – GDB” below for additional information.

 
90

 

Underwriting, Acquisition, Insurance and Other Expenses

Details underlying underwriting, acquisition, insurance and other expenses (in millions) were as follows:

   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Underwriting, Acquisition, Insurance and
                                   
Other Expenses
                                   
Total expenses incurred
  $ 73     $ 74       -1 %   $ 144     $ 150       -4 %
DAC deferrals
    (17 )     (22 )     23 %     (35 )     (45 )     22 %
Total expenses recognized before amortization
    56       52       8 %     109       105       4 %
DAC and VOBA amortization, net of interest:
                                               
Retrospective unlocking
    (3 )     -    
NM
      1       2       -50 %
Amortization, net of interest, excluding unlocking
    23       23       0 %     37       45       -18 %
Total underwriting, acquisition, insurance
                                               
and other expenses
  $ 76     $ 75       1 %   $ 147     $ 152       -3 %
                                                 
DAC Deferrals
                                               
As a percentage of annuity sales/deposits
    2.1 %     2.6 %             2.1 %     2.4 %        
 
Commissions and other costs, that vary with and are related primarily to the sale of annuity contracts, are deferred to the extent recoverable and are amortized over the lives of the contracts in relation to EGPs.  For certain annuity contracts, trail commissions that are based upon account values are expensed as they are incurred rather than deferred and amortized.  We do not pay commissions on sales of our mutual fund products, and distribution expenses associated with the sale of these mutual fund products are expensed as they are incurred.

 
91

 

RESULTS OF INSURANCE SOLUTIONS

The Insurance Solutions business provides its products through two segments:  Life Insurance and Group Protection.  The Insurance Solutions – Life Insurance segment offers wealth protection and transfer opportunities through term insurance, a linked-benefit product (which is a UL policy linked with riders that provide for long-term care costs) and both single and survivorship versions of UL and VUL, including corporate-owned UL and VUL (“COLI”) and bank-owned UL and VUL (“BOLI”) products.  The Insurance Solutions – Group Protection segment offers group life, disability and dental insurance to employers.

For factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth in this section, see “Part I – Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2008 Form 10-K, as updated in “Part II – Item 1A. Risk Factors” below, and “Forward-Looking Statements – Cautionary Language” in this report.

Insurance Solutions – Life Insurance

Income from Operations

Details underlying the results for Insurance Solutions – Life Insurance (in millions) were as follows:

   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Operating Revenues
                                   
Insurance premiums
  $ 93     $ 90       3 %   $ 184     $ 176       5 %
Insurance fees
    450       474       -5 %     932       934       0 %
Net investment income
    453       519       -13 %     951       1,019       -7 %
Amortization of deferred loss on business sold
                                               
  through reinsurance
    (1 )     -    
NM
      (1 )     -    
NM
 
Other revenues and fees
    8       5       60 %     12       14       -14 %
Total operating revenues
    1,003       1,088       -8 %     2,078       2,143       -3 %
Operating Expenses
                                               
Interest credited
    291       301       -3 %     594       597       -1 %
Benefits
    323       305       6 %     678       607       12 %
Underwriting, acquisition, insurance and other
                                               
 expenses
    192       234       -18 %     416       453       -8 %
Total operating expenses
    806       840       -4 %     1,688       1,657       2 %
Income from operations before taxes
    197       248       -21 %     390       486       -20 %
Federal income tax expense
    64       84       -24 %     115       165       -30 %
Income from operations
  $ 133     $ 164       -19 %   $ 275     $ 321       -14 %

Comparison of the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2009 to 2008

Income from operations for this segment decreased due primarily to the following:

·
Lower net investment income due primarily to unfavorable results from our investment income on alternative investments (see “Consolidated Investments – Alternative Investments” below for additional information);
·
An increase in benefits attributable primarily to an increase in reserves for products with secondary guarantees from continued growth in the business; and
·
The impact in the second quarter of 2009 of the coinsurance agreement discussed in “Additional Segment Information” below, which resulted in reductions in insurance fees, net investment income, interest credited, benefits, and underwriting, acquisition, insurance and other expenses.


 
92

 

The decrease in income from operations was partially offset by the following:

·
Lower underwriting, acquisition, insurance and other expenses due primarily to a decrease in DAC and VOBA amortization as a result of lower gross margins, attributable primarily to lower investment income on alternative investments; and
·
When comparing the six months ended June 30, 2009 to 2008, the decrease in income from operations was also partially offset by a reduction in federal income tax expense due primarily to favorable tax return true-ups in the first quarter of 2009.

Additional Segment Information

The coinsurance agreement that we entered into on March 31, 2009, resulted in a pre-tax deferred loss of $53 million, and approximately $2 million annually will be amortized into income from operations prospectively over 20 years.  As a result of this agreement, this segment’s income from operations will be reduced by approximately $7 million per quarter as a result of reductions in insurance fees, net investment income, interest credited and benefits that we had not experienced prior to the second quarter of 2009.  This unfavorable impact will be partially offset by an approximate $2 million increase to income from operations in Other Operations, as a result of having higher net investment income due to the transfer of assets from Insurance Solutions – Life Insurance attributable to its reduction in capital as a result of this coinsurance agreement; therefore, we expect our net impact from this transaction to our consolidated net income will be a reduction of $5 million per quarter.  See “Reinsurance” below for more information.

As of December 31, 2008, we released approximately $240 million of capital that had previously supported our UL products with secondary guarantees as a result of executing on a reinsurance transaction that resulted in the release of statutory reserves related to the Application of the Valuation of Life Insurance Policies Model Regulation (“AG38”).  This reduction in capital lowered the level of assets supporting this business, as assets were transferred to Other Operations, and caused an approximate $4 million per quarter ongoing reduction in this segment’s net investment income.

A portion of the retrospective and prospective unlocking of DAC, VOBA, DFEL and secondary guarantee life insurance product reserves in 2008 resulted in an unfavorable recurring earnings impact of $7 million per quarter that began in the third quarter of 2008.

On March 1, 2009, we implemented a 15 basis point decrease in crediting rates on most interest-sensitive products not already at contractual guarantees, which has increased spreads by approximately 5 basis points.  On June 1, 2008, we implemented a 10 basis point decrease in crediting rates on most interest-sensitive products not already at contractual guarantees, which has increased spreads by approximately 5 basis points.
 
As of June 30, 2009, 72% of interest-sensitive account values had crediting rates at contract guaranteed levels, and 15% had crediting rates within 50 basis points of contractual guarantees.  Going forward, we expect to be able to manage the effects of spreads on near-term income from operations through a combination of rate actions and portfolio management, which assumes no significant changes in net flows into or out of our fixed accounts or other changes that may cause interest rate spreads to differ from our expectations.  For information on interest rate spreads and the interest rate risk due to falling interest rates, see “Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”

Sales are not recorded as a component of revenues (other than for traditional products) and do not have a significant impact on current quarter income from operations but are indicators of future profitability.  Generally, we have higher sales during the second half of the year with the fourth quarter being our strongest; however, results for 2008 were muted given the economic conditions.

In the third quarter of each year, we conduct our annual comprehensive review of the assumptions and models used for our estimates of future gross profits underlying the amortization of DAC, VOBA and DFEL and secondary guarantee life insurance product reserves.  See “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates – DAC, VOBA, DSI and DFEL” in our 2008 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion of our “prospective unlocking” process.

We experienced higher expenses attributable to our U.S. pension plans (see “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates – Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans” in our 2008 Form 10-K) during the first six months of 2009, and the second half of 2009 will continue this unfavorable trend when compared to the corresponding period in 2008.

We provide information about this segment’s operating revenue and operating expense line items, the period in which amounts are recognized, key drivers of changes and historical details underlying the line items and their associated drivers below.


 
93

 
 
Insurance Premiums

Insurance premiums relate to traditional products and are a function of the rates priced into the product and the level of insurance in force.  Insurance in force, in turn, is driven by sales, persistency and mortality experience.

Insurance Fees

Details underlying insurance fees, sales, net flows, account values and in-force face amount (in millions) were as follows:

   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Insurance Fees
                                   
Mortality assessments
  $ 320     $ 328       -2 %   $ 664     $ 650       2 %
Expense assessments
    173       170       2 %     351       341       3 %
Surrender charges
    27       17       59 %     48       34       41 %
DFEL:
                                               
Deferrals
    (100 )     (90 )     -11 %     (197 )     (179 )     -10 %
Amortization, net of interest:
                                               
Retrospective unlocking
    1       11       -91 %     4       14       -71 %
Amortization, net of interest, excluding
                                               
unlocking
    29       38       -24 %     62       74       -16 %
Total insurance fees
  $ 450     $ 474       -5 %   $ 932     $ 934       0 %
 
   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Sales by Product
                                   
UL:
                                   
Excluding MoneyGuard®
  $ 85     $ 124       -31 %   $ 188     $ 237       -21 %
MoneyGuard®
    14       12       0 %     25       23       9 %
Total UL
    99       136       -27 %     213       260       -18 %
VUL
    7       12       -42 %     16       27       -41 %
COLI and BOLI
    5       13       -62 %     16       41       -61 %
Term/whole life
    13       5       160 %     24       11       118 %
Total sales
  $ 124     $ 166       -25 %   $ 269     $ 339       -21 %
                                                 
Net Flows
                                               
Deposits
  $ 1,020     $ 1,062       -4 %   $ 2,077     $ 2,194       -5 %
Withdrawals and deaths
    (480 )     (385 )     -25 %     (980 )     (867 )     -13 %
Net flows
  $ 540     $ 677       -20 %   $ 1,097     $ 1,327       -17 %
                                                 
Contract holder assessments
  $ 733     $ 692       6 %   $ 1,458     $ 1,354       8 %


 
94

 
 
   
As of June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Account Values
                 
UL (1)
  $ 24,502     $ 24,697       -1 %
VUL (1)
    3,843       5,623       -32 %
Interest-sensitive whole life
    2,277       2,283       0 %
Total account values
  $ 30,622     $ 32,603       -6 %
                         
In-Force Face Amount
                       
UL and other (1)
  $ 288,632     $ 303,607       -5 %
Term insurance
    238,901       234,109       2 %
Total in-force face amount
  $ 527,533     $ 537,716       -2 %
 
(1)
Effective with the March 31, 2009, coinsurance agreement, UL and VUL account values were reduced by $938 million and $640 million, respectively, and UL and other face amount in force was reduced by $20.9 billion.

Insurance fees relate only to interest-sensitive products and include mortality assessments, expense assessments (net of deferrals and amortization related to DFEL) and surrender charges.  Mortality and expense assessments are deducted from our contract holders’ account values.  These amounts are a function of the rates priced into the product and premiums received, face amount in force and account values.  Insurance in force, in turn, is driven by sales, persistency and mortality experience.  In-force growth should be considered independently with respect to term products versus UL and other products, as term products have a lower profitability relative to face amount compared to whole life and interest-sensitive products.

Sales in the table above and as discussed above were reported as follows:
 
·
UL (excluding linked-benefit products) and VUL (including COLI and BOLI) – first year commissionable premiums plus 5% of excess premiums received, including an adjustment for internal replacements of approximately 50% of commissionable premiums;
·
MoneyGuard® (our linked-benefit product) – 15% of premium deposits; and
·
Whole life and term – 100% of first year paid premiums.

UL and VUL products with secondary guarantees represented approximately 38% of interest-sensitive life insurance in force as of June 30, 2009, and approximately 67%  and 70% of sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009.  AG38 imposes additional statutory reserve requirements for these products.


 
95

 

Net Investment Income and Interest Credited

Details underlying net investment income, interest credited (in millions) and our interest rate spread were as follows:

   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Net Investment Income
                                   
Fixed maturity securities, mortgage loans on real
                                   
estate and other, net of investment expenses
  $ 486     $ 473       3 %   $ 966     $ 947       2 %
Commercial mortgage loan prepayment and
                                               
bond makewhole premiums (1)
    4       9       -56 %     4       13       -69 %
Alternative investments (2)
    (49 )     14    
NM
      (53 )     14    
NM
 
Surplus investments (3)
    12       23       -48 %     34       45       -24 %
Total net investment income
  $ 453     $ 519       -13 %   $ 951     $ 1,019       -7 %
                                                 
Interest Credited
  $ 291     $ 301       -3 %   $ 594     $ 597       -1 %

(1)
See “Consolidated Investments – Commercial Mortgage Loan Prepayment and Bond Makewhole Premiums” below for additional information.
(2)
See “Consolidated Investments – Alternative Investments” below for additional information.
(3)
Represents net investment income on the required statutory surplus for this segment and includes the impact of investment income on alternative investments for such assets that are held in the portfolios supporting statutory surplus versus the portfolios supporting product liabilities.
 
   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
   
Basis
   
Months Ended
   
Basis
 
   
June 30,
   
Point
   
June 30,
   
Point
 
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Interest Rate Yields and Spread
                                   
Attributable to interest-sensitive products:
                                   
Fixed maturity securities, mortgage loans on real
                                   
estate and other, net of investment expenses
    6.03 %     5.89 %     14       5.93 %     5.94 %     (1 )
Commercial mortgage loan prepayment and
                                               
bond makewhole premiums
    0.06 %     0.14 %     (8 )     0.03 %     0.09 %     (6 )
Alternative investments
    -0.71 %     0.21 %     (92 )     -0.38 %     0.11 %     (49 )
Net investment income yield on reserves
    5.38 %     6.24 %     (86 )     5.58 %     6.14 %     (56 )
Interest rate credited to contract holders
    4.20 %     4.36 %     (16 )     4.22 %     4.36 %     (14 )
Interest rate spread
    1.18 %     1.88 %     (70 )     1.36 %     1.78 %     (42 )
                                                 
Attributable to traditional products:
                                               
Fixed maturity securities, mortgage loans on real
                                               
estate and other, net of investment expenses
    5.96 %     6.23 %     (27 )     5.98 %     6.17 %     (19 )
Commercial mortgage loan prepayment
                                               
and bond makewhole premiums
    0.01 %     0.00 %     1       0.01 %     0.06 %     (5 )
Alternative investments
    -0.01 %     -0.02 %     1       -0.01 %     -0.02 %     1  
Net investment income yield on reserves
    5.96 %     6.21 %     (25 )     5.98 %     6.21 %     (23 )


 
96

 
 
   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Averages
                                   
Attributable to interest-sensitive products:
                                   
Invested assets on reserves (1)
  $ 27,432     $ 26,627       3 %   $ 27,715     $ 26,460       5 %
Account values - universal and whole life (1)
    27,359       26,853       2 %     27,757       26,737       4 %
                                                 
Attributable to traditional products:
                                               
Invested assets on reserves
    4,863       5,291       -8 %     4,852       5,298       -8 %

(1)
We experienced declines in our average calculations for invested assets on reserves and account values attributable to interest-sensitive products during the second quarter of 2009 as a result of the coinsurance agreement effective March 31, 2009, which reduced these balances by $927 million and $938 million, respectively, on that date.
 
A portion of the investment income earned for this segment is credited to contract holder accounts.  Invested assets will typically grow at a faster rate than account values because of the AG38 reserve requirements, which cause statutory reserves to grow at an accelerated rate.  Invested assets are based upon the statutory reserve liabilities and are therefore affected by various reserve adjustments, including capital transactions providing relief from AG38 reserve requirements, which leads to a transfer of invested assets from this segment to Other Operations for use in other corporate purposes.  We expect to earn a spread between what we earn on the underlying general account investments and what we credit to our contract holders’ accounts.  The interest rate spread for this segment represents the excess of the yield on invested assets on reserves over the average crediting rate on interest-sensitive products.  The yield on invested assets on reserves is calculated as net investment income, excluding amounts attributable to our surplus investments and reverse repurchase agreement interest expense, divided by average invested assets on reserves.  In addition, we exclude the impact of earnings from affordable housing tax credit securities, which is reflected as a reduction to federal income tax expense, from our spread calculations.  Traditional products use interest income to build the policy reserves.  Commercial mortgage loan prepayments and bond makewhole premiums and investment income on alternative investments can vary significantly from period to period due to a number of factors, and, therefore, may contribute to investment income results that are not indicative of the underlying trends.
 
Benefits

Details underlying benefits (dollars in millions) were as follows:

   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Benefits
                                   
Death claims direct and assumed
  $ 537     $ 521       3 %   $ 1,101     $ 1,077       2 %
Death claims ceded
    (246 )     (233 )     -6 %     (488 )     (472 )     -3 %
Reserves released on death
    (92 )     (87 )     -6 %     (195 )     (192 )     -2 %
Net death benefits
    199       201       -1 %     418       413       1 %
Change in reserves for products with
                                               
secondary guarantees
    59       28       111 %     111       54       106 %
Change in reserves for products with
                                               
secondary guarantees - reinsurance
    13       -    
NM
      33       -    
NM
 
Other benefits (1)
    52       76       -32 %     116       140       -17 %
Total benefits
  $ 323     $ 305       6 %   $ 678     $ 607       12 %
                                                 
Death claims per $1,000 of inforce
    1.52       1.51       1 %     1.59       1.55       3 %

(1)
Other benefits includes primarily traditional product changes in reserves and dividends.
 
 
97

 
Benefits for this segment includes claims incurred during the period in excess of the associated reserves for its interest-sensitive and traditional products.  In addition, benefits includes the change in reserves for our products with secondary guarantees.  The reserve for secondary guarantees is impacted by changes in expected future trends of expense assessments causing unlocking adjustments to this liability similar to DAC, VOBA and DFEL.  Additionally, we establish a reserve for reinsurance margin (reinsurance premiums paid less death benefit recoveries) and amortize this margin over the life of the expected insurance assessments for certain blocks of secondary guarantee UL business.  When we experience unfavorable mortality, particularly on higher face amount claims, our reinsurance recoveries can increase significantly and are deferred, which reduces the amount by which the expense for the direct claims are offset by reinsurance.  The reinsurance on our secondary guarantee UL business is excess of loss reinsurance, and this block has a large range of face amounts, both of which contribute to volatility in our actual experience of reinsurance recoveries as compared to our expectations.

Underwriting, Acquisition, Insurance and Other Expenses

Details underlying underwriting, acquisition, insurance and other expenses (in millions) were as follows:

   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Underwriting, Acquisition, Insurance and
                                   
Other Expenses
                                   
Total expenses incurred
  $ 275     $ 308       -11 %   $ 595     $ 639       -7 %
DAC and VOBA deferrals
    (198 )     (237 )     16 %     (422 )     (483 )     13 %
Total expenses recognized before amortization
    77       71       8 %     173       156       11 %
DAC and VOBA amortization, net of interest:
                                               
Retrospective unlocking
    6       17       -65 %     18       26       -31 %
Amortization, net of interest, excluding
                                               
unlocking
    108       145       -26 %     223       269       -17 %
Other intangible amortization
    1       1       0 %     2       2       0 %
Total underwriting, acquisition, insurance
                                               
and other expenses
  $ 192     $ 234       -18 %   $ 416     $ 453       -8 %
                                                 
DAC and VOBA Deferrals
                                               
As a percentage of sales
    159.7 %     142.8 %             156.9 %     142.5 %        

Commissions and other general and administrative expenses that vary with and are related primarily to the production of new business are deferred to the extent recoverable and for our interest-sensitive products are generally amortized over the lives of the contracts in relation to EGPs.  For our traditional products, DAC and VOBA are amortized on either a straight-line basis or as a level percent of premium of the related contracts, depending on the block of business.

When comparing DAC and VOBA deferrals as a percentage of sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008, the increase is a result of incurred deferrable general and administrative expenses declining at a rate lower than sales.


 
98

 

Insurance Solutions Group Protection

Income from Operations
 
Details underlying the results for Insurance Solutions – Group Protection (in millions) were as follows:

   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Operating Revenues
                                   
Insurance premiums
  $ 413     $ 393       5 %   $ 803     $ 763       5 %
Net investment income
    28       31       -10 %     58       58       0 %
Other revenues and fees
    2       1       100 %     3       3       0 %
Total operating revenues
    443       425       4 %     864       824       5 %
Operating Expenses
                                               
Interest credited
    1       -    
NM
      1       -    
NM
 
Benefits
    292       287       2 %     575       555       4 %
Underwriting, acquisition, insurance and other
                                               
expenses
    98       89       10 %     197       179       10 %
Total operating expenses
    391       376       4 %     773       734       5 %
Income from operations before taxes
    52       49       6 %     91       90       1 %
Federal income tax expense
    18       17       6 %     32       32       0 %
Income from operations
  $ 34     $ 32       6 %   $ 59     $ 58       2 %
 
   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Income from Operations by Product Line
                                   
Life
  $ 13     $ 11       18 %   $ 13     $ 21       -38 %
Disability
    20       20       0 %     46       36       28 %
Dental
    (1 )     -    
NM
      (3 )     (1 )  
NM
 
Total non-medical
    32       31       3 %     56       56       0 %
Medical
    2       1       100 %     3       2       50 %
Total income from operations
  $ 34     $ 32       6 %   $ 59     $ 58       2 %

Comparison of the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2009 to 2008

Income from operations for this segment increased due to the following: 

·
More favorable total non-medical loss ratio experience, slightly below the low end of our expected range; and
·
Growth in insurance premiums driven by normal, organic business growth in our non-medical products. 

The increase in income from operations was partially offset by the following:

·
An increase to underwriting, acquisition, insurance and other expenses due primarily to higher expenses attributable to our U.S. pension plans (see “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates – Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans” in our 2008 Form 10-K for additional information) and the increase in paid premiums, partially offset by higher costs of investments in strategic initiatives associated with realigning our marketing and distribution structure in 2008; and
·
When comparing the three months ended June 30, 2009 to 2008, the increase in income from operations was also partially offset by lower net investment income driven by a decline in investment income on surplus investments due primarily to less favorable investment income on alternative investments (see “Consolidated Investments – Alternative Investments” below for additional information).

 
99

 

During the first six months of 2009, we experienced exceptional short- and long-term disability loss ratios due primarily to favorable claims incidence and termination experience.  We attribute the recent favorable incidence and termination experience in our long-term disability line of business to be related, at least in part, to the impact of the challenging economic environment on our insureds.  Consequently, we expect to experience non-medical loss ratios over the remainder of this year at the low end of our historical expected range of 71% to 74%.  In addition, we experienced unfavorable life loss ratios in the first quarter of 2009 due primarily to adverse mortality experience, the one-time adjustment noted below and the downward effects of whole-case pricing on premium rates, all of which we do not expect to recur in future quarters.

Benefits included a one-time adjustment of $3 million in the first quarter of 2009 relating to unfavorable waiver claim reserves.

We experienced higher expenses attributable to our U.S. pension plans (see “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates – Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans” in our 2008 Form 10-K) during the first six months of 2009, and the second half of 2009 will continue this unfavorable trend when compared to the corresponding period in 2008.

Sales relate to long-duration contracts sold to new contract holders and new programs sold to existing contract holders.  We believe that the trend in sales is an important indicator of development of business in force over time.

Management focuses on trends in loss ratios to compare actual experience with pricing expectations because group-underwriting risks change over time.  We expect normal fluctuations in our composite non-medical loss ratios of this segment, as claim experience is inherently uncertain.  As discussed further above, we expect favorable loss ratio experience over the remainder of this year.

Insurance Premiums

Details underlying insurance premiums (in millions) were as follows:

   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Insurance Premiums by Product Line
                                   
Life
  $ 147     $ 134       10 %   $ 290     $ 267       9 %
Disability
    171       167       2 %     345       330       5 %
Dental
    37       37       0 %     75       74       1 %
Total non-medical
    355       338       5 %     710       671       6 %
Medical
    58       55       5 %     93       92       1 %
Total insurance premiums
  $ 413     $ 393       5 %   $ 803     $ 763       5 %
                                                 
Sales
  $ 60     $ 65       -8 %   $ 114     $ 119       -4 %

Our cost of insurance and policy administration charges are embedded in the premiums charged to our customers.  The premiums are a function of the rates priced into the product and our business in force.  Business in force, in turn, is driven by sales and persistency experience.  Sales in the table above are the combined annualized premiums for our life, disability and dental products.

The business represented as “medical” consists primarily of our non-core EXEC-U-CARE® product.  This product provides an insured medical expense reimbursement vehicle to executives for non-covered health plan costs.  This product produces significant revenues and benefits expenses for this segment but only a limited amount of income.  Discontinuance of this product would significantly impact segment revenues, but not income from operations.

Net Investment Income

We use our interest income to build the associated policy reserves, which are a function of our insurance premiums and the yields on our invested assets.


 
100

 

Benefits and Interest Credited

Details underlying benefits and interest credited (in millions) were as follows:

   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Benefits and Interest Credited by Product Line
       
Life
  $ 104     $ 97       7 %   $ 220     $ 192       15 %
Disability
    107       111       -4 %     210       221       -5 %
Dental
    32       30       7 %     64       60       7 %
Total non-medical
    243       238       2 %     494       473       4 %
Medical
    50       49       2 %     82       82       0 %
Total benefits and interest credited
  $ 293     $ 287       2 %   $ 576     $ 555       4 %
                                                 
Loss Ratios by Product Line
                                               
Life
    70.3 %     72.3 %             75.8 %     72.1 %        
Disability
    62.4 %     66.1 %             60.8 %     67.1 %        
Dental
    86.1 %     81.1 %             85.2 %     81.0 %        
Total non-medical
    68.2 %     70.2 %             69.5 %     70.6 %        
Medical
    88.1 %     88.6 %             88.4 %     88.2 %        

Note:  Loss ratios presented above are calculated using whole dollars instead of dollars rounded to millions.
 
Underwriting, Acquisition, Insurance and Other Expenses

Details underlying underwriting, acquisition, insurance and other expenses (in millions) were as follows:

   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Underwriting, Acquisition, Insurance
                                   
and Other Expenses
                                   
Total expenses incurred
  $ 99     $ 93       6 %   $ 202     $ 189       7 %
DAC and VOBA deferrals
    (12 )     (13 )     8 %     (27 )     (27 )     0 %
Total expenses recognized before amortization
    87       80       9 %     175       162       8 %
DAC and VOBA amortization, net of interest
    11       9       22 %     22       17       29 %
Total underwriting, acquisition, insurance
                                               
and other expenses
  $ 98     $ 89       10 %   $ 197     $ 179       10 %
                                                 
DAC and VOBA Deferrals
                                               
As a percentage of insurance premiums
    2.9 %     3.3 %             3.4 %     3.5 %        

Expenses, excluding broker commissions, that vary with and are related primarily to the production of new business are deferred to the extent recoverable and are amortized on either a straight-line basis or as a level percent of premium of the related contracts depending on the block of business.  Broker commissions, which vary with and are related to paid premiums, are expensed as incurred.  The level of expenses is an important driver of profitability for this segment as group insurance contracts are offered within an environment that competes on the basis of price and service.
 

 
101

 

RESULTS OF INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT

The Investment Management segment, through Delaware Investments, provides a broad range of managed account portfolios, mutual funds, sub-advised funds and other investment products to individual investors and to institutional investors such as private and public pension funds, foundations and endowment funds.  Delaware Investments is the marketing name for Delaware Management Holdings, Inc. and its affiliates.

Income from Operations

Details underlying the results for Investment Management (in millions) were as follows:

   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Operating Revenues
                                   
Investment advisory fees – external
  $ 48     $ 76       -37 %   $ 91     $ 152       -40 %
Investment advisory fees – inter-segment
    20       21       -5 %     40       41       -2 %
Other revenues and fees
    24       28       -14 %     42       52       -19 %
Total operating revenues
    92       125       -26 %     173       245       -29 %
Operating Expenses
                                               
Underwriting, acquisition, insurance and other expenses
    82       101       -19 %     160       202       -21 %
Income from operations before taxes
    10       24       -58 %     13       43       -70 %
Federal income tax expense
    5       9       -44 %     7       16       -56 %
Income from operations
  $ 5     $ 15       -67 %   $ 6     $ 27       -78 %
                                                 
Pre-tax operating margin (1)
    11 %     19 %             8 %     17 %        
 
(1)
The pre-tax operating margin is determined by dividing pre-tax income from operations by operating revenues and is calculated using whole dollars instead of dollars rounded to millions.

Comparison of the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2009 to 2008

Income from operations decreased due primarily to the following:

·
A reduction in investment advisory fees due to lower assets under management resulting primarily from unfavorable equity markets and the impact of negative net flows in 2008; and
·
A reduction in other revenues and fees attributable primarily to lower 12b-1 fees, administrative service fees and shareholder servicing revenue as a result of lower assets under management, partially offset by favorable seed capital results driven by favorable equity markets during the second quarter of 2009.

The decrease in income from operations was partially offset by lower asset-based expenses and the implementation of expense reduction initiatives.


 
102

 

Additional Segment Information

We expect lower earnings for this segment in 2009 than we experienced in 2008 due primarily to lower investment advisory fees, partially offset by lower asset-based expenses, due to the assets under management erosion from unfavorable equity market returns and negative net flows experienced during 2008.

The level of net flows may vary considerably from period to period, and, therefore, results in one period are not indicative of net flows in subsequent periods.

For factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth in this section, see “Part I – Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2008 Form 10-K, as updated in “Part II – Item 1A. Risk Factors” below, and “Forward-Looking Statements – Cautionary Language” in this report.

We provide information about certain of this segment’s operating revenue and operating expense line items, the period in which amounts are recognized, key drivers of changes and historical details underlying the line items and their associated drivers below.

Investment Advisory Fees

Details underlying assets under management and net flows (in millions) were as follows:

   
As of June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Assets Under Management
                 
Retail – equity
  $ 13,984     $ 25,824       -46 %
Retail – fixed
    12,334       11,473       8 %
Total retail
    26,318       37,297       -29 %
                         
Institutional – equity
    11,570       18,515       -38 %
Institutional – fixed
    11,507       10,884       6 %
Total institutional
    23,077       29,399       -22 %
                         
Inter-segment assets – retail and institutional
    8,472       8,995       -6 %
Inter-segment assets – general account
    68,814       65,997       4 %
Total inter-segment assets
    77,286       74,992       3 %
Total assets under management
  $ 126,681     $ 141,688       -11 %
                         
Total Sub-Advised Assets, Included Above
                       
Retail
  $ 6,831     $ 13,651       -50 %
Institutional
    2,261       3,794       -40 %
Total sub-advised assets
  $ 9,092     $ 17,445       -48 %


 
103

 
 
   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Net Flows – External (1)
                                   
Retail equity sales
  $ 716     $ 1,042       -31 %   $ 1,310     $ 2,535       -48 %
Retail equity redemptions and transfers
    (1,186 )     (2,181 )     46 %     (2,713 )     (4,796 )     43 %
Retail equity net flows
    (470 )     (1,139 )     59 %     (1,403 )     (2,261 )     38 %
Retail fixed income sales
    1,588       1,213       31 %     2,967       2,588       15 %
Retail fixed income redemptions and transfers
    (1,080 )     (894 )     -21 %     (2,162 )     (1,872 )     -15 %
Retail fixed income net flows
    508       319       59 %     805       716       12 %
Total retail sales
    2,304       2,255       2 %     4,277       5,123       -17 %
Total retail redemptions and transfers
    (2,266 )     (3,075 )     26 %     (4,875 )     (6,668 )     27 %
Total retail net flows
    38       (820 )     105 %     (598 )     (1,545 )     61 %
Institutional equity inflows
    424       567       -25 %     798       1,534       -48 %
Institutional equity withdrawals and transfers
    (459 )     (848 )     46 %     (1,500 )     (1,891 )     21 %
Institutional equity net flows
    (35 )     (281 )     88 %     (702 )     (357 )     -97 %
Institutional fixed income inflows
    594       310       92 %     2,841       479    
NM
 
Institutional fixed income withdrawals and transfers
    (487 )     (512 )     5 %     (1,080 )     (1,086 )     1 %
Institutional fixed income net flows
    107       (202 )     153 %     1,761       (607 )  
NM
 
Total institutional inflows
    1,018       877       16 %     3,639       2,013       81 %
Total institutional redemptions and transfers
    (946 )     (1,360 )     30 %     (2,580 )     (2,977 )     13 %
Total institutional net flows
    72       (483 )     115 %     1,059       (964 )     210 %
Total sales/inflows
    3,322       3,132       6 %     7,916       7,136       11 %
Total redemptions and transfers
    (3,212 )     (4,435 )     28 %     (7,455 )     (9,645 )     23 %
Total net flows
  $ 110     $ (1,303 )     108 %   $ 461     $ (2,509 )     118 %
 
(1)
Includes Delaware Variable Insurance Product funds.  Our insurance subsidiaries, as well as unaffiliated insurers, participate in these funds.  In addition, sales/inflows includes contributions, dividend reinvestments and transfers in kind, and redemptions/transfers includes dividends and capital gain distributions.
 
   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Net Flows – Inter-Segment (1)
                                   
Total sales/inflows (2)
  $ 545     $ 375       45 %   $ 1,081     $ 1,093       -1 %
Total redemptions and transfers (3)
    (581 )     (543 )     -7 %     (1,257 )     (1,222 )     -3 %
Total net flows
  $ (36 )   $ (168 )     79 %   $ (176 )   $ (129 )     -36 %

(1)
Includes net flows from retail and institutional.  Excludes general account inflows and transfers because we do not consider these to be net flows.
(2)
Includes contributions, dividend reinvestments and transfers in kind.
(3)
Includes dividends and capital gains distributions.

 
104

 

   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Other Information
                                   
Average daily S&P 500
    893.53       1,371.26       -35 %     852.32       1,360.21       -37 %
Impact of dividends and interest and change in
                                               
market value on assets under management
  $ 5,698     $ (1,375 )  
NM
    $ 2,755     $ (7,029 )     139 %
 
Investment advisory fees are generally a function of the rates priced into the product and our average assets under management, which are driven by net flows and capital markets.  Investment advisory fees – external includes amounts that are ultimately paid to sub-advisors for managing the sub-advised assets.  The amounts paid to sub-advisors are generally included in the segment’s expenses.

Investment advisory fees – inter-segment consists of fees for asset management services this segment provides to Retirement Solutions and Insurance Solutions for managing general account assets supporting fixed income products, surplus and separate account assets.  These inter-segment amounts are not reported on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) as they are eliminated along with the associated expenses incurred by Retirement Solutions and Insurance Solutions.  Retirement Solutions and Insurance Solutions report the cost as a reduction to net investment income, which is the same methodology that would be used if these services were provided by an external party.

Other Revenues and Fees

Other revenues and fees consists primarily of revenues generated from shareholder and administrative services, 12b-1 fees and the results from seed capital investments.  The distribution expenses paid to brokers that sell affiliated mutual funds shares are classified within underwriting, acquisition, insurance and other expenses.  Seed capital investments are important to establishing a track record for products that will later be sold to investors.  These investments are valued at market value each reporting period and the change in market value impacts other revenues.  During the second quarter of 2009, this segment began hedging the majority of the equity exposure of its seed capital investments with a total return swap, which expires in October 2009.


 
105

 

RESULTS OF OTHER OPERATIONS

Other Operations includes investments related to the excess capital in our insurance subsidiaries, investments in media properties and other corporate investments, benefit plan net assets, the unamortized deferred gain on indemnity reinsurance, which was sold to Swiss Re in 2001, external debt and business sold through reinsurance.  We are actively managing our remaining radio station clusters to maximize performance and future value.  Other Operations also includes the Institutional Pension business, which is a closed block of pension business, the majority of which was sold on a group annuity basis, and is currently in run-off, and the results of certain disability income business due to the rescission of this business previously sold to Swiss Re.

Loss from Operations
 
Details underlying the results for Other Operations (in millions) were as follows:

   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Operating Revenues
                                   
Insurance premiums
  $ 3     $ 2       50 %   $ 3     $ 3       0 %
Net investment income
    70       87       -20 %     139       186       -25 %
Amortization of deferred gain on business
                                               
 sold through reinsurance
    18       18       0 %     37       37       0 %
Media revenues (net)
    19       23       -17 %     34       45       -24 %
Other revenues and fees
    1       1       0 %     4       (3 )     233 %
Inter-segment elimination of investment
                                               
 advisory fees
    (20 )     (21 )     5 %     (40 )     (41 )     2 %
Total operating revenues
    91       110       -17 %     177       227       -22 %
Operating Expenses
                                               
Interest credited
    31       42       -26 %     82       86       -5 %
Benefits
    36       29       24 %     143       57       151 %
Media expenses
    13       15       -13 %     26       31       -16 %
Other expenses
    57       48       19 %     91       85       7 %
Interest and debt expenses
    61       65       -6 %     126       140       -10 %
Inter-segment elimination of investment
                                               
advisory fees
    (20 )     (21 )     5 %     (40 )     (41 )     2 %
Total operating expenses
    178       178       0 %     428       358       20 %
Loss from operations before taxes
    (87 )     (68 )     -28 %     (251 )     (131 )     -92 %
Federal income tax benefit
    (34 )     (24 )     -42 %     (92 )     (45 )  
NM
 
Loss from operations
  $ (53 )   $ (44 )     -20 %   $ (159 )   $ (86 )     -85 %
 
Comparison of the Three Months Ended June 30, 2009 to 2008

Loss from operations for this segment increased due primarily to the following:

·
Higher other expenses attributable primarily to restructuring charges of $19 million in the second quarter of 2009 related to expense reduction initiatives that are discussed further below, partially offset by higher merger-related expenses in the second quarter of 2008 as a result of higher system integration work related to our administrative systems;
·
Lower net investment income from a reduction in invested assets driven by transfers to other segments for other-than-temporary impairments and dividends paid to stockholders as these items exceeded the distributable earnings received from our insurance segments, dividends received from our other segments and issuances of debt, and lower dividend income from our holdings of Bank of America common stock due to dividend rate cuts, partially offset by proceeds from our common stock issuance in the second quarter of 2009;
·
Unfavorable results of our run-off disability income business due primarily to the rescission of the Swiss Re reinsurance agreement discussed below; and
·
Lower media earnings related primarily to the general weakening of the U.S economy causing substantial declines in revenues throughout the radio market.

 
106

 

The increase in loss from operations was partially offset by lower interest and debt expenses as a result of a decline in interest rates that affect our variable rate borrowings and lower average balances of outstanding debt in the current period.

Comparison of the Six Months Ended June 30, 2009 to 2008

Loss from operations for this segment increased due primarily to the following:

·
The $64 million unfavorable impact in the first quarter of 2009 of the rescission of the reinsurance agreement on certain disability income business sold to Swiss Re as discussed in “Reinsurance” below, which resulted in pre-tax increases in benefits of $78 million, interest credited of $15 million and other expenses of $5 million, partially offset by a $34 million tax benefit;
·
Higher other expenses attributable primarily to restructuring charges of $22 million during the first six months of 2009 related to expense reduction initiatives that are discussed further below, partially offset by higher merger-related expenses during the first six months of 2008 as a result of higher system integration work related to our administrative systems and relocation costs in the first quarter of 2008 associated with the move of our corporate office;
·
Lower net investment income from a reduction in invested assets driven by transfers to other segments for other-than-temporary impairments and dividends paid to stockholders as these items exceeded the distributable earnings received from our insurance segments, dividends received from our other segments and issuances of debt, and lower dividend income from our holdings of Bank of America common stock due to dividend rate cuts partially offset by proceeds from our common stock issuance in the second quarter of 2009;
·
Lower media earnings related primarily to the general weakening of the U.S economy causing substantial declines in revenues throughout the radio market; and
·
Unfavorable results of our run-off disability income business due primarily to the rescission discussed above.

The increase in loss from operations was partially offset by lower interest and debt expenses as a result of a decline in interest rates that affect our variable rate borrowings and lower average balances of outstanding debt in 2009.

Additional Segment Information

We expect lower media earnings in 2009 than was experienced in 2008, as our customers have reduced their advertising expenses in response to the economic conditions.

We expect lower investment income in 2009 as compared to 2008 due to lower dividend income from our holdings of Bank of America common stock as it announced dividend rate cuts during the latter part of 2008 and early 2009, partially offset by higher investment income of $2 million per quarter prospectively related to the coinsurance agreement that we entered into on March 31, 2009 (see “Results of Insurance Solutions – Insurance Solutions – Life Insurance” and “Reinsurance” for more information) and by the net investment income earned on the proceeds received from the issuance of common stock and debt during the second quarter of 2009 and preferred stock and a common stock warrant in July 2009, which is discussed in more detail below in “Review of Consolidated Financial Condition – Liquidity and Capital Resources – Financing Activities.”

The inclusion of run-off disability income business results within Other Operations due to the rescission of the Swiss Re reinsurance agreement mentioned above may create volatility in earnings going forward.  As part of our transition plan related to the rescission, we expect to complete a reserve study to determine whether or not reserves are adequate to cover contract holder obligations.  The completion of this study could result in an adjustment to the reserves that we have assumed from Swiss Re pursuant to the rescission agreement.

Sustained market volatility and the challenging economic environment continue to put pressure on many industries and companies, including our own.  After reviewing the impact of this difficult economy on our anticipated sales and business activities, we initiated actions in the fourth quarter of 2008 to streamline operations, reduce expenses and ensure that staffing levels were aligned with expected business activity.  Additionally, we initiated a second expense reduction initiative in April 2009, as discussed below.  We focused on reducing the workforce, reducing capital spending and addressing corporate-wide discretionary spending.

As a result of shrinking revenues due to the impact of unfavorable equity markets on our asset management businesses and a reduction in sales volumes caused by the unfavorable economic environment, we launched further initiatives to reduce expenses, including a 12% workforce reduction that was substantially completed in April of 2009, that we believe will improve our capital position and preserve profits.  The restructuring costs associated with these layoffs are included in other expenses within Other Operations.


 
107

 

For factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth in this section, see “Part I – Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2008 Form 10-K, as updated in “Part II – Item 1A. Risk Factors” below, and “Forward-Looking Statements – Cautionary Language” in this report.

We provide information about this segment’s operating revenue and operating expense line items, the period in which amounts are recognized, key drivers of changes and historical details underlying the line items and their associated drivers below.

Net Investment Income and Interest Credited

We utilize an internal formula to determine the amount of capital that is allocated to our business segments.  Investment income on capital in excess of the calculated amounts is reported in Other Operations.  If regulations require increases in our insurance segments’ statutory reserves and surplus, the amount of capital allocated to Other Operations would decrease and net investment income would be negatively impacted.  In addition, as discussed below in “Review of Consolidated Financial Condition –
Alternative Sources of Liquidity,” we maintain an inter-segment cash management program where certain subsidiaries can borrow from or lend money to the holding company to meet short-term borrowing needs.  The inter-segment cash management program affects net investment income for Other Operations, as all inter-segment eliminations are reported within Other Operations.

Write-downs for other-than-temporary impairments decrease the recorded value of our invested assets owned by our business segments.  These write-downs are not included in the income from operations of our operating segments.  When impairment occurs, assets are transferred to the business segments’ portfolios and will reduce the future net investment income for Other Operations, but should not have an impact on a consolidated basis unless the impairments are related to defaulted securities.  Statutory reserve adjustments for our business segments can also cause allocations of invested assets between the affected segments and Other Operations.

The majority of our interest credited relates to our reinsurance operations sold to Swiss Re in 2001.  A substantial amount of the business was sold through indemnity reinsurance transactions resulting in some of the business still flowing through our consolidated financial statements.  The interest credited corresponds to investment income earnings on the assets we continue to hold for this business.  There is no impact to income or loss in Other Operations or on a consolidated basis for these amounts.

Benefits

Benefits are recognized when incurred for Institutional Pension products and disability income business.

Other Expenses

Details underlying other expenses (in millions) were as follows:

   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Other Expenses
                                   
Merger-related expenses
  $ 4     $ 16       -75 %   $ 11     $ 31       -65 %
Restructuring charges for expense initiatives
    29       -    
NM
      34       -    
NM
 
Branding
    4       11       -64 %     9       18       -50 %
Retirement Income Security Ventures
    2       2       0 %     4       4       0 %
Taxes, licenses and fees
    1       1       0 %     2       3       -33 %
Other
    17       18       -6 %     31       29       7 %
Total other expenses
  $ 57     $ 48       19 %   $ 91     $ 85       7 %
 
Other in the table above includes expenses that are corporate in nature including charitable contributions, certain litigation reserves, amortization of media intangible assets with a definite life, other expenses not allocated to our business segments and inter-segment expense eliminations, excluding those associated with our inter-segment investment advisory fees.
 
 
108

 

Merger-related expenses were the result of actions undertaken by us to eliminate duplicate operations and functions as a result of the Jefferson-Pilot merger along with costs related to the implementation of our new unified product portfolio and other initiatives.  Although these actions were substantially completed in the first half of 2009, we expect to incur up to $10 million of merger-related expenses during the remainder of 2009.  Our current estimate of the cumulative integration expenses is approximately $215 million to $225 million, pre-tax, and excludes amounts capitalized or recorded as goodwill.

Starting in December 2008, we implemented a restructuring plan in response to the current economic downturn and sustained market volatility, which focused on reducing expenses.  During the fourth quarter of 2008, we recorded a pre-tax charge of $8 million.  The expenses associated with this initiative are reported in restructuring charges for expense initiatives above.  We expect our cumulative pre-tax charges to amount to approximately $43 million for severance, benefits and related costs associated with the plan for workforce reduction and other restructuring actions.

Interest and Debt Expenses

Our current level of interest expense may not be indicative of the future due to, among other things, the timing of the use of cash, the availability of funds from our inter-company cash management program and the future cost of capital.  For additional information on our financing activities, see “Review of Consolidated Financial Condition – Liquidity and Capital Resources – Sources of Liquidity and Cash Flow – Financing Activities” below.

REALIZED LOSS
 
Details underlying realized loss, after-DAC (1) (in millions) were as follows:
 
   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
Pre-Tax
 
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Operating realized gain (loss):
                                   
Indexed annuity net derivatives results
  $ -     $ -    
NM
    $ -     $ (2 )     100 %
GLB
    3       10       -70 %     19       16       19 %
GDB
    (114 )     3    
NM
      (32 )     9    
NM
 
Total operating realized gain (loss)
    (111 )     13    
NM
      (13 )     23    
NM
 
Realized loss related to certain investments
    (158 )     (117 )     -35 %     (308 )     (158 )     -95 %
Gain (loss) on certain reinsurance derivative/
                                               
trading securities
    (9 )     1    
NM
      12       2    
NM
 
GLB net derivatives results
    (141 )     2    
NM
      (272 )     (5 )  
NM
 
GDB derivatives results
    (28 )     (3 )  
NM
      (59 )     (8 )  
NM
 
Indexed annuity forward-starting option
    3       2       50 %     4       7       -43 %
Gain on sale of subsidiaries/businesses
    3       2       50 %     5       4       25 %
Total excluded realized loss
    (330 )     (113 )  
NM
      (618 )     (158 )  
NM
 
Total realized loss
  $ (441 )   $ (100 )  
NM
    $ (631 )   $ (135 )  
NM
 


 
109

 
 
   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
After-Tax
 
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Operating realized gain (loss):
                                   
Indexed annuity net derivatives results
  $ -     $ -    
NM
    $ -     $ (1 )     100 %
GLB
    2       7       -71 %     12       10       20 %
GDB
    (74 )     2    
NM
      (21 )     6    
NM
 
Total operating realized gain (loss)
    (72 )     9    
NM
      (9 )     15    
NM
 
Realized loss related to certain investments
    (103 )     (75 )     -37 %     (200 )     (103 )     -94 %
Gain (loss) on certain reinsurance derivative/
                                               
trading securities
    (6 )     1    
NM
      8       1    
NM
 
GLB net derivatives results
    (91 )     1    
NM
      (176 )     (3 )  
NM
 
GDB derivative results
    (18 )     (2 )  
NM
      (39 )     (5 )  
NM
 
Indexed annuity forward-starting option
    2       1       100 %     3       4       -25 %
Gain on sale of subsidiaries/businesses
    2       1       100 %     3       3       0 %
Total excluded realized loss
    (214 )     (73 )  
NM
      (401 )     (103 )  
NM
 
Total realized loss
  $ (286 )   $ (64 )  
NM
    $ (410 )   $ (88 )  
NM
 

(1)
DAC refers to the associated amortization of DAC, VOBA, DSI and DFEL and changes in other contract holder funds and funds withheld reinsurance liabilities.

For factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth in this section, see “Part I – Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2008 Form 10-K, as updated in “Part II – Item 1A. Risk Factors” below, and “Forward-Looking Statements – Cautionary Language” in this report.

For information on our counterparty exposure see “Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”

Comparison of the Three and Six Months ended June 30, 2009 to 2008

GLB net derivative results declined due primarily to the NPR component of the liability being unfavorable in 2009 attributable to a reduction in the liability and to a lesser extent the decline in the NPR factors when compared to the corresponding NPR factors in place for the beginning balances (i.e., March 31, 2009, and December 31, 2008).  This decline was partially offset by favorable changes in the hedge program effectiveness attributable primarily to impacts of changes in interest rate risk.  See “GLB Net Derivative Results” below for a discussion of how our NPR adjustment is determined.

The unfavorable net GDB derivative results were driven primarily by sporadic large movements in rates and equities that caused non-linear changes in the liability relative to the derivatives utilized in the hedge program and by other items.

The loss for the three months ended June 30, 2009, and the gain for the first six months of 2009 on reinsurance derivative/trading securities was due primarily to the rescission of the Swiss Re indemnity reinsurance agreement covering certain disability income business, whereby we released the embedded derivative liability related to the funds withheld nature of the reinsurance agreement.  This release of the embedded derivative liability increased net income by approximately $31 million.  Since the rescission, this line item is impacted by market conditions as we now have trading securities that are no longer related to an embedded derivative due to the rescission. For more information, see “Reinsurance” below and Note 11.

For a discussion of the increase in realized losses on certain investments, see “Consolidated Investments – Realized Loss Related to Investments” below.


 
110

 

Operating Realized Gain (Loss)

Details underlying operating realized gain (loss) (dollars in millions) were as follows:

   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Indexed Annuity Net Derivatives Results
 
Change in fair value of S&P 500 call options
  $ (19 )   $ 31       163 %   $ (2 )   $ 126       102 %
Change in fair value of embedded derivatives
    20       (32 )  
NM
      2       (130 )  
NM
 
Associated amortization expense of DAC,
                                               
VOBA, DSI and DFEL
    (1 )     1    
NM
      -       2       -100 %
Total indexed annuity net derivatives results
    -       -    
NM
      -       (2 )     100 %
GLB
                                               
Pre-DAC (1) amount
    4       17       -76 %     27       33       -18 %
Associated amortization expense of DAC,
                                               
VOBA, DSI and DFEL:
                                               
Retrospective unlocking (2)
    1       3       -67 %     10       3       233 %
Amortization, excluding unlocking
    (2 )     (10 )     80 %     (18 )     (20 )     10 %
Total GLB
    3       10       -70 %     19       16       19 %
GDB
                                               
Pre-DAC (1) amount
    (131 )     4    
NM
      (35 )     16    
NM
 
Associated amortization expense of DAC,
                                               
VOBA, DSI and DFEL:
                                               
Retrospective unlocking (2)
    (64 )     1    
NM
      (21 )     1    
NM
 
Amortization, excluding unlocking
    81       (2 )  
NM
      24       (8 )  
NM
 
Total GDB hedge cost
    (114 )     3    
NM
      (32 )     9    
NM
 
                                                 
Total Operating Realized Gain (Loss)
  $ (111 )   $ 13    
NM
    $ (13 )   $ 23    
NM
 

(1)
DAC refers to the associated amortization of DAC, VOBA, DSI and DFEL.
(2)
Related primarily to the emergence of gross profits.

Operating realized gain (loss) includes the following:

Indexed Annuity Net Derivative Results

Indexed annuity net derivatives results represent the net difference between the change in the fair value of the S&P 500 call options that we hold and the change in the fair value of the embedded derivative liabilities of our indexed annuity products.  The change in the fair value of the liability for the embedded derivative represents the amount that is credited to the indexed annuity contract.

GLB

Our GWB, GIB and 4LATER® features have elements of both insurance benefits accounted for under SOP 03-1 and embedded derivatives accounted for under SFAS 133 and SFAS 157.  We weight these features and their associated reserves accordingly based on their hybrid nature.  For our GLBs that meet the definition of an embedded derivative under SFAS 133, we record them at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in realized loss on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).  In bifurcating the embedded derivative, we attribute to the embedded derivative the portion of total fees collected from the contract holder that relates to the GLB riders (the “attributed fees”).  These attributed fees represent the present value of future claims expected to be paid for the GLB at the inception of the contract (the “net valuation premium”) plus a margin that a theoretical market participant would include for risk/profit (the “risk/profit margin”).


 
111

 

Our methodology for calculating the NPR component of the liability utilizes an extrapolated 30-year NPR spread curve applied to each of the durational expected cash flows.  We utilize a model based on our holding company’s CDS spreads adjusted for factors, such as the liquidity of our holding company CDS.  Because the guaranteed benefit liabilities are contained within our insurance subsidiaries, we apply factors, such as the impact of our insurance subsidiaries’ claims-paying ratings compared to holding company credit risk and the over-collateralization of insurance liabilities, in order to determine factors that are representative of a theoretical market participant’s view of the NPR of the specific liability within our insurance subsidiaries.

Our CDS spreads as illustrated by the spread of our 10-year CDS used in the computation of our NPR factors at June 30, 2009, March 31, 2009, and December 31, 2008, were 5.52%, 23.25% and 6.34%, respectively.  The corresponding NPR factors at June 30, 2009, March 31, 2009, and December 31, 2008, for the 10-year point was 0.82%, 1.49% and 1.23%, respectively.

For the quarter ended March 31, 2009, there was significant widening of our CDS spreads.  We compared our CDS spreads to those of our peer companies with similar holding company ratings and determined that our company specific spreads were significantly wider due to the market’s concerns over our holding company liquidity.  As a result, we reduced the spreads used in the calculation of our NPR factors to be in line with our peers.  Therefore, the starting point for our spreads was reduced over the entire term structure with the 10-year at 8.45%.

The reduction in the derivative liability from the application of the NPR factors:  at June 30, 2009, was $125 million, or approximately 10% of the unadjusted liability of $1.2 billion; at March 31, 2009, the reduction was $459 million, or approximately 15% of the unadjusted liability of $3.1 billion; and at December 31, 2008, the reduction was $514 million or approximately 15% of the unadjusted liability of $3.4 billion.

The $334 million change in the NPR component of the liability from March 31, 2009, to June 30, 2009, was primarily attributable to a $1.9 billion reduction in the unadjusted liability, with approximately $20 million of the change in NPR component attributable to a change in the NPR factors.  Under our approach and factoring in the range of CDS spreads observed over the last three quarters, we estimate that the component of the liability recorded for NPR should range from 10% to 20% of the unadjusted liability calculated before the application of the NPR factors.  However, changing market conditions could cause this relationship to deviate significantly. Sensitivity within this range is primarily a result of volatility in our CDS spread and the slope of the CDS spread term structure.

We include the risk/profit margin portion of the GLB attributed rider fees in operating realized gain and include the net valuation premium of the GLB attributed rider fees in excluded realized (loss).  For our Retirement Solutions – Annuities and Retirement Solutions – Defined Contribution segments, the excess of total fees collected from the contract holders over the GLB attributed rider fees is reported in insurance fees.

We also include the change in the fair value of the derivatives that offsets the benefit ratio unlocking of our SOP 03-1 reserves on our GLB riders.  These changes in reserves attributable to Retirement Solutions’ benefit ratio unlocking of its SOP 03-1 reserves for GLB riders and associated amortization of DAC, VOBA, DSI and DFEL is offset in benefits within income from operations.  This approach excludes the benefit ratio unlocking from income from operations according to our definition of income from operations and instead reflects it within GLB net derivatives results, a component of excluded realized (loss).  On our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss), the benefit ratio unlocking is reported within benefits.

GDB

GDB represents the change in the fair value of the derivatives that offsets the benefit ratio unlocking of our SOP 03-1 reserves on our GDB riders, including our expected cost of the hedging instruments.  These changes in reserves attributable to Retirement Solutions’ benefit ratio unlocking of its SOP 03-1 reserves for GDB riders and associated amortization of DAC, VOBA, DSI and DFEL is offset in benefits within income from operations.  This approach excludes the benefit ratio unlocking from income from operations according to our definition of income from operations and instead reflects it within GDB derivatives results, a component of excluded realized (loss).  On our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss), the benefit ratio unlocking is reported within benefits.

Realized Loss Related to Certain Investments

See “Consolidated Investments – Realized Loss Related to Investments” below.


 
112

 

Gain (Loss) on Certain Reinsurance Derivative/Trading Securities

Gain (loss) on certain reinsurance derivative/trading securities represents changes in the fair values of total return swaps (embedded derivatives) theoretically included in our various modified coinsurance and coinsurance with funds withheld reinsurance arrangements that have contractual returns related to various assets and liabilities associated with these arrangements.

GLB Net Derivatives Results and GDB Derivatives Results

Details underlying GLB net derivatives results and GDB derivative results (in millions) were as follows:

   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
GLB Net Derivatives Results
                                   
Net valuation premium, net of reinsurance
  $ 27     $ 20       35 %   $ 50     $ 36       39 %
Change in reserves hedged
    1,977       213    
NM
      2,211       (161 )  
NM
 
Change in market value of derivative assets
    (1,846 )     (246 )  
NM
      (2,144 )     69    
NM
 
Hedge program effectiveness (ineffectiveness)
    131       (33 )  
NM
      67       (92 )     173 %
Change in reserves not hedged (NPR component)
    (333 )     17    
NM
      (388 )     109    
NM
 
Change in derivative assets not hedged (NPR component)
    17       -    
NM
      5       -    
NM
 
Change in SOP 03-1 reserve not hedged
    13       -    
NM
      6       -    
NM
 
Associated amortization expense of DAC,
                                               
VOBA, DSI and DFEL:
                                               
Retrospective unlocking (1)
    (81 )     (1 )  
NM
      (142 )     10    
NM
 
Amortization, excluding unlocking
    85       (1 )  
NM
      130       (35 )  
NM
 
Loss from the initial impact of adopting
                                               
SFAS 157, after-DAC (2)
    -       -    
NM
      -       (33 )     100 %
Total GLB net derivatives results
  $ (141 )   $ 2    
NM
    $ (272 )   $ (5 )  
NM
 
                                                 
GDB Derivatives Results
                                               
Benefit ratio unlocking of SOP 03-1 reserves
  $ 131     $ (4 )  
NM
    $ 35     $ (16 )  
NM
 
Change in fair value of derivatives, excluding
                                               
expected cost of hedging instruments
    (163 )     -    
NM
      (106 )     2    
NM
 
Associated amortization expense of DAC,
                                               
VOBA, DSI and DFEL:
                                               
Retrospective unlocking (1)
    (14 )     (1 )  
NM
      (31 )     (1 )  
NM
 
Amortization, excluding unlocking
    18       2    
NM
      43       7    
NM
 
Total GDB derivatives results
  $ (28 )   $ (3 )  
NM
    $ (59 )   $ (8 )  
NM
 

 
(1)
Related primarily to the emergence of gross profits.
 
(2)
DAC refers to the associated amortization of DAC, VOBA, DSI and DFEL.

GLB Net Derivatives Results

Our GLB net derivatives results are comprised of the net valuation premium, the change in the fair value of the embedded derivative liabilities of our GLB products and the change in the fair value of the derivative instruments we own to hedge.  This includes the cost of purchasing the hedging instruments.


 
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Our GWB, GIB and 4LATER® features have elements of both insurance benefits accounted for under SOP 03-1 and embedded derivatives accounted for under SFAS 133 and SFAS 157.  The SOP 03-1 component is calculated in a manner consistent with our GDB.  We weight these features and their associated reserves accordingly based on their hybrid nature.  For the GLB guarantees in our variable annuity products that are considered embedded derivatives, we record them on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value under SFAS 133 and SFAS 157.  We use derivative instruments to hedge our exposure to the risks and earnings volatility that result from the embedded derivatives for GLBs.  The change in fair value of these derivative instruments is designed to generally offset the change in fair value of the embedded derivatives.  In the table above, we have presented the components of our GLB results, which can be volatile especially when sudden and significant changes in equity markets and/or interest rates occur.  When we assess the effectiveness of our hedge program, we exclude the impact of the change in the liability related to the NPR required under SFAS 157.  We do not attempt to hedge the change in the NPR component of the liability.  The impact of the change in NPR has had the effect of reducing our GLB liabilities on our balance sheet by $125 million since the adoption of SFAS 157 on January 1, 2008.  See above for information regarding the effect of the NPR on the GLB net derivatives results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008.  For additional information on our guaranteed benefits, see “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates – Derivatives – Guaranteed Living Benefits” above.  For additional information on our hedge program see “Reinsurance” below.

Our GLB net derivatives results also include the benefit ratio unlocking of SOP 03-1 reserves on our GLB riders.  The benefit ratio unlocking of SOP 03-1 reserves for GLB riders is offset in GLB operating realized gain (loss).  See “GLB” above for additional information.

GDB Derivatives Results

Our GDB derivatives results represent the net difference between the benefit ratio unlocking of SOP 03-1 reserves on our GDB riders and the change in the fair value of the derivative instruments we own to hedge the benefit ratio unlocking, excluding our expected cost of the hedging instruments.  The benefit ratio unlocking of SOP 03-1 reserves for GDB riders is offset in GDB operating realized gain (loss).  See “GDB” above for additional information.

Indexed Annuity Forward-Starting Option

Details underlying indexed annuity forward-starting option (dollars in millions) were as follows:

   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Indexed Annuity Forward-Starting Option
Pre-DAC (1) amounts
  $ 8     $ 4       100 %   $ 9     $ (6 )     250 %
Associated amortization expense of DAC,
                                               
VOBA, DSI and DFEL
    (5 )     (2 )  
NM
      (5 )     3    
NM
 
Gain from the initial impact of adopting
                                               
SFAS 157, after-DAC (1)
    -       -    
NM
      -       10       -100 %
Total
  $ 3     $ 2       50 %   $ 4     $ 7       -43 %

(1)
DAC refers to the associated amortization of expense of DAC, VOBA, DSI and DFEL.

The liability for the forward-starting option reflects changes in the fair value of embedded derivative liabilities related to index call options we may purchase in the future to hedge contract holder index allocations applicable to future reset periods for our indexed annuity products as required under SFAS 133 and SFAS 157.  These fair values represent an estimate of the cost of the options we will purchase in the future, discounted back to the date of the balance sheet, using current market indications of volatility and interest rates, which can vary significantly from period to period due to a number of factors and therefore can provide results that are not indicative of the underlying trends.

Gain on Sale of Subsidiaries/Businesses

See “Fixed Income Investment Management Business” in Note 3 of our 2008 Form 10-K for details.


 
114

 

CONSOLIDATED INVESTMENTS

Details underlying our consolidated investment balances (in millions) were as follows:

         
Percentage of
 
               
Total Investments
 
   
As of
   
As of
   
As of
   
As of
 
   
June 30,
   
December 31,
   
June 30,
   
December 31,
 
   
2009
   
2008
   
2009
   
2008
 
Investments
                       
AFS securities:
                       
Fixed maturity
  $ 55,050     $ 48,141       78.1 %     72.3 %
Equity
    236       254       0.3 %     0.4 %
Trading securities
    2,317       2,333       3.3 %     3.5 %
Mortgage loans on real estate
    7,468       7,715       10.6 %     11.6 %
Real estate
    159       125       0.2 %     0.2 %
Policy loans
    2,897       2,921       4.1 %     4.4 %
Derivative instruments
    1,234       3,397       1.7 %     5.1 %
Alternative investments
    699       776       1.0 %     1.2 %
Other investments
    488       848       0.7 %     1.3 %
Total investments
  $ 70,548     $ 66,510       100.0 %     100.0 %

Investment Objective

Invested assets are an integral part of our operations.  We follow a balanced approach to investing for both current income and prudent risk management, with an emphasis on generating sufficient current income, net of income tax, to meet our obligations to customers, as well as other general liabilities.  This balanced approach requires the evaluation of expected return and risk of each asset class utilized, while still meeting our income objectives.  This approach is important to our asset-liability management because decisions can be made based upon both the economic and current investment income considerations affecting assets and liabilities.  For a discussion on our risk management process, see “Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”

Investment Portfolio Composition and Diversification

Fundamental to our investment policy is diversification across asset classes.  Our investment portfolio, excluding cash and invested cash, is composed of fixed maturity securities, mortgage loans on real estate, real estate (either wholly-owned or in joint ventures) and other long-term investments.  We purchase investments for our segmented portfolios that have yield, duration and other characteristics that take into account the liabilities of the products being supported.

We have the ability to maintain our investment holdings throughout credit cycles because of our capital position, the long-term nature of our liabilities and the matching of our portfolios of investment assets with the liabilities of our various products.

Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities Portfolios

Fixed maturity securities and equity securities consist of portfolios classified as AFS and trading.  Mortgage-backed and private securities are included in both AFS and trading portfolios.


 
115

 

Details underlying our fixed maturity and equity securities portfolios by industry classification (in millions) are presented in the below tables.  These tables agree in total with the presentation of AFS securities in Note 5; however, the categories below represent a more detailed breakout of the AFS portfolio; therefore, the investment classifications listed below do not agree to the investment categories provided in Note 5.

   
As of June 30, 2009
 
               
Unrealized
             
   
Amortized
   
Unrealized
   
Losses
   
Fair
   
% Fair
 
   
Cost
   
Gains
   
and OTTI
   
Value
   
Value
 
Fixed Maturity AFS Securities
                             
Corporate bonds:
                             
Financial services
  $ 8,420     $ 80     $ 827     $ 7,673       13.8 %
Basic industry
    2,262       40       179       2,123       3.9 %
Capital goods
    2,899       67       124       2,842       5.2 %
Communications
    2,924       99       109       2,914       5.3 %
Consumer cyclical
    2,891       75       189       2,777       5.0 %
Consumer non-cyclical
    5,351       206       79       5,478       10.0 %
Energy
    4,134       137       87       4,184       7.6 %
Technology
    1,100       33       19       1,114       2.0 %
Transportation
    1,165       24       75       1,114       2.0 %
Industrial other
    712       18       19       711       1.3 %
Utilities
    8,618       230       273       8,575       15.6 %
Asset-backed securities ("ABS"):
                                       
Collateralized debt obligations ("CDOs") and credit-linked notes ("CLNs")
    749       3       444       308       0.6 %
Commercial real estate ("CRE") CDOs
    56       -       29       27       0.0 %
Credit card
    180       -       20       160       0.3 %
Home equity
    1,166       -       588       578       1.0 %
Manufactured housing
    142       1       30       113       0.2 %
Auto loan
    122       1       -       123       0.2 %
Other
    197       8       10       195       0.4 %
Commercial mortgage-backed securities ("CMBS"):
                                 
Non-agency backed
    2,520       16       542       1,994       3.6 %
Collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs"):
                                       
Agency backed
    4,712       248       27       4,933       9.0 %
Non-agency backed
    1,865       3       663       1,205       2.2 %
Mortgage pass-throughs ("MPTS"):
                                       
Agency backed
    1,644       50       7       1,687       3.1 %
Non-agency backed
    133       -       33       100       0.2 %
Municipals:
                                       
Taxable
    809       11       13       807       1.5 %
Tax-exempt
    3       -       -       3       0.0 %
Government and government agencies:
                                       
United States
    1,052       91       28       1,115       2.0 %
Foreign
    1,177       38       81       1,134       2.1 %
Hybrid and redeemable preferred stock
    1,564       8       509       1,063       1.9 %
    Total fixed maturity AFS securities
    58,567       1,487       5,004       55,050       100.0 %
Equity AFS Securities
    400       9       173       236          
Total AFS securities
    58,967       1,496       5,177       55,286          
Trading Securities (1)
    2,294       199       176       2,317          
Total AFS and trading securities
  $ 61,261     $ 1,695     $ 5,353     $ 57,603          


 
116

 

 
   
As of December 31, 2008
 
   
Amortized
   
Unrealized
   
Unrealized
   
Fair
   
% Fair
 
   
Cost
   
Gains
   
Losses
   
Value
   
Value
 
Fixed Maturity AFS Securities
                             
Corporate bonds:
                             
Financial services
  $ 8,199     $ 68     $ 1,210     $ 7,057       14.6 %
Basic industry
    2,241       15       353       1,903       4.0 %
Capital goods
    2,660       34       222       2,472       5.1 %
Communications
    2,580       43       221       2,402       5.0 %
Consumer cyclical
    2,865       33       459       2,439       5.1 %
Consumer non-cyclical
    4,254       87       206       4,135       8.6 %
Energy
    2,949       47       246       2,750       5.7 %
Technology
    766       9       71       704       1.5 %
Transportation
    1,219       20       119       1,120       2.3 %
Industrial other
    715       16       37       694       1.4 %
Utilities
    8,186       103       677       7,612       15.8 %
ABS:
                                       
CDOs and CLNs
    796       7       630       173       0.4 %
CRE CDOs
    60       -       23       37       0.1 %
Credit card
    165       -       73       92       0.2 %
Home equity
    1,107       1       411       697       1.4 %
Manufactured housing
    148       2       28       122       0.3 %
Other
    196       1       18       179       0.4 %
CMBS:
                                       
Non-agency backed
    2,535       9       625       1,919       4.0 %
CMOs:
                                       
Agency backed
    5,068       180       29       5,219       10.8 %
Non-agency backed
    1,996       1       746       1,251       2.6 %
MPTS:
                                       
Agency backed
    1,619       55       -       1,674       3.5 %
Non-agency backed
    141       -       47       94       0.2 %
Municipals:
                                       
Taxable
    109       2       1       110       0.2 %
Tax-exempt
    3       -       -       3       0.0 %
Government and government agencies:
                                       
United States
    1,148       166       25       1,289       2.7 %
Foreign
    1,093       72       133       1,032       2.1 %
Redeemable preferred stock
    1,563       6       607       962       2.0 %
Total fixed maturity AFS securities
    54,381       977       7,217       48,141       100.0 %
Equity AFS Securities
    428       9       183       254          
Total AFS securities
    54,809       986       7,400       48,395          
Trading Securities (1)
    2,306       256       229       2,333          
Total AFS and trading securities
  $ 57,115     $ 1,242     $ 7,629     $ 50,728          

(1)
Our trading securities support our modified coinsurance arrangements (“Modco”) and the investment results are passed directly to the reinsurers.  Refer to our 2008 Form 10-K “Trading Securities” section for further details.

 
117

 

AFS Securities

The general intent of the AFS accounting guidance is to reflect stockholders’ equity as if unrealized gains and losses were actually recognized, and it is necessary that we consider all related accounting adjustments that would occur upon such a hypothetical recognition of unrealized gains and losses.  Such related balance sheet effects include adjustments to the balances of DAC, VOBA, DFEL, other contract holder funds and deferred income taxes.  Adjustments to each of these balances are charged or credited to accumulated other comprehensive income.  For instance, DAC is adjusted upon the recognition of unrealized gains or losses because the amortization of DAC is based upon an assumed emergence of gross profits on certain insurance business.  Deferred income tax balances are also adjusted because unrealized gains or losses do not affect actual taxes currently paid.

The quality of our AFS fixed maturity securities portfolio, as measured at estimated fair value and by the percentage of fixed maturity securities invested in various ratings categories, relative to the entire fixed maturity AFS security portfolio (in millions) was as follows:
 
     
Rating Agency
   
As of June 30, 2009
   
As of December 31, 2008
 
NAIC
   
Equivalent
   
Amortized
   
Fair
   
% of
   
Amortized
   
Fair
   
% of
 
Designation
   
Designation
   
Cost
   
Value
   
Total
   
Cost
   
Value
   
Total
 
Investment Grade Securities
                                     
  1    
Aaa / Aa / A
    $ 32,062     $ 31,708       57.6 %   $ 31,847     $ 29,651       61.5 %
  2    
Baa
      20,654       19,295       35.0 %     19,181       16,056       33.4 %
Total investment grade securities
      52,716       51,003       92.6 %     51,028       45,707       94.9 %
Below Investment Grade Securities
                                                 
  3    
Ba
      3,529       2,676       4.9 %     2,189       1,695       3.5 %
  4     B       1,249       811       1.5 %     772       516       1.1 %
  5    
Caa and lower
      799       400       0.7 %     250       130       0.3 %
  6    
In or near default
      274       160       0.3 %     142       93       0.2 %
Total below investment grade securities
      5,851       4,047       7.4 %     3,353       2,434       5.1 %
Total fixed maturity AFS securities
    $ 58,567     $ 55,050       100.0 %   $ 54,381     $ 48,141       100.0 %
                                                             
Total securities below investment grade as a percentage of total fixed maturity AFS securities
      10.0 %     7.4 %             6.2 %     5.1 %        

Comparisons between the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) ratings and rating agency designations are published by the NAIC.  The NAIC assigns securities quality ratings and uniform valuations, which are used by insurers when preparing their annual statements.  The NAIC ratings are similar to the rating agency designations of the Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations for marketable bonds.  NAIC ratings 1 and 2 include bonds generally considered investment grade (rated Baa3 or higher by Moody’s, or rated BBB- or higher by S&P and Fitch), by such ratings organizations.  NAIC ratings 3 through 6 include bonds generally considered below investment grade (rated Ba1 or lower by Moody’s, or rated BB+ or lower by S&P and Fitch).

As of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, 84.5% and 92.3%, respectively, of the total publicly traded and private securities in an unrealized loss status were rated as investment grade.  See Note 5 for maturity date information for our fixed maturity investment portfolio.  Our gross unrealized losses on AFS securities decreased $2.2 billion in the six months ended June 30, 2009, which was attributable primarily to increased liquidity in several market segments and improved credit fundamentals, partially offset by, the cumulative adjustment of the recognition of OTTI, which resulted in the $165 million increase in amortized cost in AFS securities as discussed in Note 2.  As more fully described in Note 5, we regularly review our investment holdings for OTTI.  We believe that the securities in an unrealized loss position as of June 30, 2009, were not other-than-temporarily impaired as we do not intend to sell these debt securities and it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell the debt securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis, and we have the ability and intent to hold the equity securities for a period of time sufficient for recovery.  For further information on our AFS securities unrealized losses, see “Additional Details on our Unrealized Losses on AFS Securities” below.

The estimated fair value for all private securities was $7.5 billion and $7.1 billion as of June 30, 2009, and December 31, 2008, respectively, representing approximately 11% of total invested assets as of June 30, 2009, and December 31, 2008.

 
118

 

Our fixed maturity securities include mortgage-backed securities.  These securities are subject to risks associated with variable prepayments.  This may result in differences between the actual cash flow and maturity of these securities than that expected at the time of purchase.  Securities that have an amortized cost greater than par and are backed by mortgages that prepay faster than expected will incur a reduction in yield or a loss.  Those securities with an amortized cost lower than par that prepay faster than expected will generate an increase in yield or a gain.  In addition, we may incur reinvestment risks if market yields are lower than the book yields earned on the securities.  Prepayments occurring slower than expected have the opposite impact.  We may incur reinvestment risks if market yields are higher than the book yields earned on the securities and we are forced to sell the securities.  The degree to which a security is susceptible to either gains or losses is influenced by:  the difference between its amortized cost and par; the relative sensitivity of the underlying mortgages backing the assets to prepayment in a changing interest rate environment; and the repayment priority of the securities in the overall securitization structure.

We limit the extent of our risk on mortgage-backed securities by prudently limiting exposure to the asset class, by generally avoiding the purchase of securities with a cost that significantly exceeds par, by purchasing securities backed by stable collateral and by concentrating on securities with enhanced priority in their trust structure.  Such securities with reduced risk typically have a lower yield (but higher liquidity) than higher-risk mortgage-backed securities.  At selected times, higher-risk securities may be purchased if they do not compromise the safety of the general portfolio.  As of June 30, 2009, we did not have a significant amount of higher-risk, trust structured mortgage-backed securities.  A significant amount of assets in our mortgage-backed securities portfolio are either guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises or are supported in the securitization structure by junior securities enabling the assets to achieve high investment grade status.

Our exposure to subprime mortgage lending is limited to investments in banks and other financial institutions that may be impacted by subprime lending and direct investments in ABS CDOs, ABS and residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”).  Mortgage-related ABS are backed by home equity loans and RMBS are backed by residential mortgages.  These securities are backed by loans that are characterized by borrowers of differing levels of creditworthiness:  prime, Alt-A and subprime.  Prime lending is the origination of residential mortgage loans to customers with excellent credit profiles.  Alt-A lending is the origination of residential mortgage loans to customers who have prime credit profiles but lack documentation to substantiate income.  Subprime lending is the origination of loans to customers with weak or impaired credit profiles.

The slowing U.S. housing market, increased interest rates for non-prime borrowers and relaxed underwriting standards over the last several years have led to higher delinquency rates for residential mortgage loans and home equity loans.  We expect delinquency rates and loss rates on residential mortgages and home equity loans to increase in the future; however, we continue to expect to receive payments in accordance with contractual terms for a significant amount of our securities, largely due to the seniority of the claims on the collateral of the securities that we own.  The tranches of the securities will experience losses according to their seniority level with the least senior (or most junior), typically the unrated residual tranche, taking the initial loss.  The credit ratings of our securities reflect the seniority of the securities that we own.  Our RMBS had a market value of $8.7 billion and an unrealized loss of $1.0 billion, or 12%, as of June 30, 2009.  The unrealized loss was due primarily to deteriorating fundamentals and a general level of illiquidity in the market resulting in price declines in many structured products.


 
119

 

The market value of investments backed by subprime loans was $370 million and represented less than 1% of our total investment portfolio as of June 30, 2009.  Investments rated A or above represented 68% of the subprime investments and $174 million in market value of our subprime investments was backed by loans originating in 2005 and forward.  AFS securities represent $359 million, or 97%, of the subprime exposure and trading securities represent $11 million, or 3%, as of June 30, 2009.  The tables below summarize our investments in AFS securities backed by pools of residential mortgages (in millions):
 
     
Fair Value as of June 30, 2009
 
           
Prime/
                   
     
Prime
   
Non -
                   
     
Agency
   
Agency
   
Alt-A
   
Subprime
   
Total
 
Type
                               
CMOs and MPTS
    $ 6,549     $ 886     $ 490     $ -     $ 7,925  
ABS home equity
      -       -       219       359       578  
Total by type (1)
    $ 6,549     $ 886     $ 709     $ 359     $ 8,503  
                                           
Rating
                                         
AAA
    $ 6,526     $ 342     $ 163     $ 196     $ 7,227  
AA
      5       82       114       32       233  
A       18       38       46       13       115  
BBB
      -       39       37       36       112  
BB and below
      -       385       349       82       816  
Total by rating (1)(2)
    $ 6,549     $ 886     $ 709     $ 359     $ 8,503  
                                           
Origination Year
                                         
2004 and prior
    $ 3,031     $ 322     $ 276     $ 188     $ 3,817  
 2005       916       183       196       125       1,420  
 2006       387       124       198       46       755  
 2007       1,322       257       39       -       1,618  
 2008       381       -       -       -       381  
 2009       512       -       -       -       512  
Total by origination year (1)
$ 6,549     $ 886     $ 709     $ 359     $ 8,503  
                                             
Total AFS securities
                                    $ 55,286  
                                             
Total by origination year as a percentage of total AFS securities
                          15.4 %
                                             
Total non-agency, Alt-A & subprime as a percentage of total AFS securities
                      3.5 %

 
(1)
Does not include the fair value of trading securities totaling $165 million, which support our Modco reinsurance agreements because investment results for these agreements are passed directly to the reinsurers.  The $165 million in trading securities consisted of $139 million prime, $15 million Alt-A and $11 million subprime.
 
(2)
For the table above, credit ratings shown in the document are based on ratings provided by the major credit rating agencies (Fitch Ratings, Moody’s and S&P) or are based on internal ratings for those securities where external ratings are not available.  For securities where the ratings assigned by the major rating agencies are not equivalent, the second highest of the three ratings assigned is used.

 
120

 
 
     
Amortized Cost as of June 30, 2009
 
           
Prime/
                   
     
Prime
   
Non -
                   
     
Agency
   
Agency
   
Alt-A
   
Subprime
   
Total
 
Type
                               
CMOs and MPTS
    $ 6,263     $ 1,343     $ 748     $ -     $ 8,354  
ABS home equity
      -       -       414       752       1,166  
Total by type (1)
    $ 6,263     $ 1,343     $ 1,162     $ 752     $ 9,520  
                                           
Rating
                                         
AAA
    $ 6,239     $ 397     $ 210     $ 302     $ 7,148  
AA
      6       117       162       61       346  
A       17       45       60       35       157  
BBB
      -       70       66       86       222  
BB and below
      1       714       664       268       1,647  
Total by rating (1)(2)
    $ 6,263     $ 1,343     $ 1,162     $ 752     $ 9,520  
                                             
Origination Year
                                         
2004 and prior
    $ 2,889     $ 388     $ 375     $ 320     $ 3,972  
 2005       877       269       307       264       1,717  
 2006       370       238       389       168       1,165  
 2007       1,246       448       91       -       1,785  
 2008       364       -       -       -       364  
 2009       517       -       -       -       517  
Total by origination year (1)
    $ 6,263     $ 1,343     $ 1,162     $ 752     $ 9,520  
                                             
Total AFS securities
                                    $ 58,967  
                                             
Total by origination year as a percentage of
                                         
total AFS securities
                                      16.1 %
                                             
Total non-agency, Alt-A & subprime as a percentage of total AFS securities
                      5.5 %
 
 
(1)
Does not include the amortized cost of trading securities totaling $193 million, which support our Modco reinsurance agreements because investment results for these agreements are passed directly to the reinsurers.  The $193 million in trading securities consisted of $148 million prime, $26 million Alt-A and $19 million subprime.
 
(2)
For the table above, credit ratings shown in the document are based on ratings provided by the major credit rating agencies (Fitch Ratings, Moody’s and S&P) or are based on internal ratings for those securities where external ratings are not available.  For securities where the ratings assigned by the major rating agencies are not equivalent, the second highest of the three ratings assigned is used.

None of these investments include any direct investments in subprime lenders or mortgages.  We are not aware of material exposure to subprime loans in our alternative asset portfolio.


 
121

 

The following summarizes our investments in AFS securities backed by pools of consumer loan asset-backed securities (in millions):

   
As of June 30, 2009
 
   
Credit Card (1)
   
Auto Loans
   
Total
 
   
Fair
   
Amortized
   
Fair
   
Amortized
   
Fair
   
Amortized
 
   
Value
   
Cost
   
Value
   
Cost
   
Value
   
Cost
 
Rating
                                   
AAA
  $ 137     $ 154     $ 123     $ 122     $ 260     $ 276  
BBB
    24       26       -       -       24       26  
Total by rating (1)(2)(3)
  $ 161     $ 180     $ 123     $ 122     $ 284     $ 302  
                                                 
Total AFS securities
                                  $ 55,286     $ 58,967  
                                                 
Total by rating as a percentage of total AFS securities
                                    0.5 %     0.5 %

 
(1)
Additional indirect credit card exposure through structured securities is excluded from this table.  See “Credit-Linked Notes” in Note 5.
 
(2)
For the table above, credit ratings shown in the document are based on ratings provided by the major credit rating agencies (Fitch Ratings, Moody’s and S&P) or are based on internal ratings for those securities where external ratings are not available.  For securities where the ratings assigned by the major rating agencies are not equivalent, the second highest of the three ratings assigned is used.
 
(3)
Does not include the fair value of trading securities totaling $3 million, which support our Modco reinsurance agreements because investment results for these agreements are passed directly to the reinsurers.  The $3 million in trading securities consisted of credit card and auto loan securities.


 
122

 
 
The following summarizes our investments in AFS securities backed by pools of commercial mortgages (in millions):
 
     
As of June 30, 2009
 
     
Multiple Property
   
Single Property
   
CRE CDOs
   
Total
 
     
Fair
   
Amortized
   
Fair
   
Amortized
   
Fair
   
Amortized
   
Fair
   
Amortized
 
     
Value
   
Cost
   
Value
   
Cost
   
Value
   
Cost
   
Value
   
Cost
 
Type
                                                 
CMBS
    $ 1,911     $ 2,376     $ 83     $ 144     $ -     $ -     $ 1,994     $ 2,520  
CRE CDOs
      -       -       -       -       27       56       27       56  
Total by type (1)
    $ 1,911     $ 2,376     $ 83     $ 144     $ 27     $ 56     $ 2,021     $ 2,576  
                                                                   
Rating
                                                                 
AAA
    $ 1,444     $ 1,548     $ 51     $ 52     $ 8     $ 15     $ 1,503     $ 1,615  
AA
      259       353       -       -       -       -       259       353  
 A       91       179       24       44       18       37       133       260  
BBB
      89       162       6       29       1       4       96       195  
BB and below
      28       134       2       19       -       -       30       153  
Total by rating (1)(2)
    $ 1,911     $ 2,376     $ 83     $ 144     $ 27     $ 56     $ 2,021     $ 2,576  
                                                                     
Origination Year
                                                                 
2004 and prior
    $ 1,317     $ 1,519     $ 68     $ 75     $ 13     $ 18     $ 1,398     $ 1,612  
 2005       327       424       14       61       8       15       349       500  
 2006       122       230       1       8       6       23       129       261  
 2007       145       203       -       -       -       -       145       203  
Total by origination year(1)
    $ 1,911     $ 2,376     $ 83     $ 144     $ 27     $ 56     $ 2,021     $ 2,576  
                                                                     
Total AFS securities
                                                    $ 55,286     $ 58,967  
Total by origination year as a percentage of total AFS securities
    3.7     4.4 %
 
 
(1)
Does not include the fair value of trading securities totaling $78 million, which support our Modco reinsurance agreements because investment results for these agreements are passed directly to the reinsurers.  The $78 million in trading securities consisted of $77 million commercial mortgage-backed securities and $1 million commercial real estate collateralized debt obligations.
(2)
For the table above, credit ratings shown in the document are based on ratings provided by the major credit rating agencies (Fitch Ratings, Moody’s and S&P) or are based on internal ratings for those securities where external ratings are not available.  For securities where the ratings assigned by the major rating agencies are not equivalent, the second highest of the three ratings assigned is used.

 
123

 

Monoline insurers provide guarantees on debt for issuers, often in the form of credit wraps, which enhance the credit of the issuer. Monoline insurers guarantee the timely repayment of bond principal and interest when a bond issuer defaults and generally provide credit enhancement for bond issues such as municipal bonds and private placements as well as other types and structures of securities.  Our direct exposure represents our bond holdings of the actual Monoline insurers.  Our insured bonds represent our holdings in bonds of other issuers that are insured by Monoline insurers.

The following summarizes our exposure to Monoline insurers (in millions):

   
As of June 30, 2009
 
                           
Total
       
               
Total
   
Total
   
Unrealized
   
Total
 
   
Direct
   
Insured
   
Amortized
   
Unrealized
   
Loss
   
Fair
 
   
Exposure (1)
   
Bonds (2)
   
Cost
   
Gain
   
and OTTI
   
Value
 
Monoline Name
                                   
AMBAC
  $ -     $ 262     $ 262     $ -     $ 81     $ 181  
ASSURED GUARANTY LTD
    30       -       30       -       16       14  
FGIC
    -       90       90       1       37       54  
FSA
    -       67       67       1       6       62  
MBIA
    12       149       161       3       33       131  
MGIC
    12       7       19       -       4       15  
PMI GROUP INC
    27       -       27       -       9       18  
RADIAN GROUP INC
    19       -       19       -       9       10  
XL CAPITAL LTD
    72       70       142       -       23       119  
Total by Monoline insurer (3)
  $ 172     $ 645     $ 817     $ 5     $ 218     $ 604  
                                                 
Total AFS securities
                  $ 58,967     $ 1,496     $ 5,177     $ 55,286  
                                                 
Total by Monoline insurer as a percentage
                                               
of total AFS securities
                    1.4 %     0.3 %     4.2 %     1.1 %

(1)
Additional direct exposure through credit default swaps with a notional totaling $98 million is excluded from this table.
(2)
Additional indirect insured exposure through structured securities is excluded from this table.  See “Credit-Linked Notes” in Note 5.
(3)
Does not include the fair value of trading securities totaling $27 million, which support our Modco reinsurance agreements because investment results for these agreements are passed directly to the reinsurers.  The $27 million in trading securities consisted of $9 million of direct exposure and $18 million of insured exposure.  This table also excludes insured exposure totaling $14 million for a guaranteed investment tax credit partnership.

Credit-Linked Notes

See “Credit-Linked Notes” section in Note 5.

Additional Details on our Unrealized Losses on AFS Securities

When considering unrealized gain and loss information, it is important to recognize that the information relates to the status of securities at a particular point in time and may not be indicative of the status of our investment portfolios subsequent to the balance sheet date.  Further, because the timing of the recognition of realized investment gains and losses through the selection of which securities are sold is largely at management’s discretion, it is important to consider the information provided below within the context of the overall unrealized gain or loss position of our investment portfolios.  These are important considerations that should be included in any evaluation of the potential impact of unrealized loss securities on our future earnings.

 
124

 

We have no concentrations of issuers or guarantors of fixed maturity and equity securities.  The composition by industry categories of securities subject to enhanced analysis and monitoring for potential changes in unrealized loss status (in millions), was as follows:

   
As of June 30, 2009
 
                                 
%
 
         
%
         
%
   
Unrealized
   
Unrealized
 
   
Fair
   
Fair
   
Amortized
   
Amortized
   
Loss
   
Loss
 
   
Value
   
Value
   
Cost
   
Cost
   
and OTTI
   
and OTTI
 
CMOs
  $ 132       33.6 %   $ 303       43.0 %   $ 171       54.6 %
Non-captive diversified
    118       30.0 %     168       23.9 %     50       15.9 %
ABS
    39       9.9 %     75       10.6 %     36       11.5 %
Property and casualty
    44       11.2 %     70       9.9 %     26       8.3 %
Media - non-cable
    17       4.3 %     24       3.4 %     7       2.2 %
Non-agency
    1       0.3 %     8       1.1 %     7       2.2 %
Industrial-other
    7       1.8 %     10       1.4 %     3       1.0 %
Building matierals
    13       3.3 %     16       2.3 %     3       1.0 %
Oil field services
    3       0.8 %     5       0.7 %     2       0.6 %
Automotive
    5       1.3 %     7       1.0 %     2       0.6 %
Gaming
    3       0.8 %     5       0.7 %     2       0.6 %
CMBS
    1       0.3 %     3       0.4 %     2       0.6 %
Chemicals
    1       0.3 %     3       0.4 %     2       0.6 %
Refining
    4       1.0 %     5       0.7 %     1       0.3 %
Retailers
    1       0.3 %     1       0.1 %     -       0.0 %
Real estate investment trusts
    1       0.3 %     1       0.1 %     -       0.0 %
Media - cable
    2       0.5 %     2       0.3 %     -       0.0 %
Total securities subject to enhanced
                                               
analysis and monitoring
  $ 392       100.0 %   $ 706       100.0 %   $ 314       100.0 %
                                                 
Total AFS securities
  $ 55,286             $ 58,967             $ 5,177          
                                                 
Total securities subject to enhanced
                                               
analysis and monitoring as a
                                               
percentage of total AFS securities
    0.7 %             1.2 %             6.1 %        


 
125

 


 
   
As of December 31, 2008
 
         
%
         
%
         
%
 
   
Fair
   
Fair
   
Amortized
   
Amortized
   
Unrealized
   
Unrealized
 
   
Value
   
Value
   
Cost
   
Cost
   
Loss
   
Loss
 
Non-captive diversified
  $ 83       30.6 %   $ 140       31.4 %   $ 57       32.4 %
Automotive
    34       12.6 %     70       15.7 %     36       20.5 %
Gaming
    10       3.7 %     43       9.7 %     33       18.8 %
Property and casualty
    27       10.0 %     51       11.4 %     24       13.5 %
Non-captive consumer
    10       3.7 %     20       4.5 %     10       5.7 %
ABS
    9       3.4 %     16       3.7 %     7       4.0 %
Entertainment
    56       20.8 %     59       13.2 %     3       1.7 %
Refining
    2       0.7 %     5       1.1 %     3       1.7 %
CMBS
    2       0.7 %     4       0.9 %     2       1.1 %
Banking
    23       8.5 %     24       5.4 %     1       0.6 %
Retailers
    1       0.4 %     1       0.2 %     -       0.0 %
CMOs
    6       2.2 %     6       1.3 %     -       0.0 %
Media - non-cable
    5       1.9 %     5       1.1 %     -       0.0 %
Paper
    1       0.4 %     1       0.2 %     -       0.0 %
Pharmaceuticals
    1       0.4 %     1       0.2 %     -       0.0 %
Total securities subject to enhanced
                                               
analysis and monitoring
  $ 270       100.0 %   $ 446       100.0 %   $ 176       100.0 %
                                                 
Total AFS securities
  $ 48,395             $ 54,809             $ 7,400          
                                                 
Total securities subject to enhanced
                                               
analysis and monitoring as a
                                               
percentage of total AFS securities
    0.6 %             0.8 %             2.4 %        



 
126

 

The composition by industry categories of all securities in unrealized loss status (in millions), was as follows:
 
   
As of June 30, 2009
 
                                 
%
 
         
%
         
%
   
Unrealized
   
Unrealized
 
   
Fair
   
Fair
   
Amortized
   
Amortized
   
Loss
   
Loss
 
   
Value
   
Value
   
Cost
   
Cost
   
and OTTI
   
and OTTI
 
ABS
  $ 1,164       4.9 %   $ 2,284       7.8 %   $ 1,120       21.6 %
Banking
    3,012       12.5 %     3,902       13.4 %     890       17.2 %
CMOs
    1,426       6.0 %     2,116       7.3 %     690       13.3 %
CMBS
    1,662       6.9 %     2,204       7.6 %     542       10.5 %
Property and casualty insurers
    802       3.4 %     1,008       3.5 %     206       4.0 %
Electric
    1,845       7.6 %     1,987       6.8 %     142       2.7 %
Non-captive diversified
    326       1.4 %     423       1.5 %     97       1.9 %
Real estate investment trusts
    734       3.1 %     825       2.8 %     91       1.8 %
Paper
    403       1.7 %     493       1.7 %     90       1.7 %
Life
    518       2.2 %     605       2.1 %     87       1.7 %
Pipelines
    1,048       4.3 %     1,131       3.9 %     83       1.6 %
Media - non-cable
    423       1.8 %     485       1.7 %     62       1.2 %
Retailers
    364       1.5 %     426       1.5 %     62       1.2 %
Financial - other
    280       1.2 %     341       1.2 %     61       1.2 %
Metals and mining
    423       1.8 %     476       1.6 %     53       1.0 %
Diversified manufacturing
    525       2.2 %     572       2.0 %     47       0.9 %
Distributors
    605       2.5 %     652       2.2 %     47       0.9 %
Building materials
    372       1.6 %     414       1.4 %     42       0.8 %
Transportation services
    387       1.6 %     428       1.5 %     41       0.8 %
Owned no guarantee
    270       1.1 %     311       1.1 %     41       0.8 %
Gaming
    216       0.9 %     256       0.9 %     40       0.8 %
Food and beverage
    742       3.1 %     782       2.7 %     40       0.8 %
Sovereigns
    230       0.9 %     268       0.9 %     38       0.7 %
Chemicals
    315       1.3 %     350       1.2 %     35       0.7 %
Non-captive consumer
    121       0.5 %     155       0.5 %     34       0.7 %
Non-agency
    100       0.4 %     133       0.5 %     33       0.6 %
Entertainment
    417       1.7 %     447       1.5 %     30       0.6 %
Wirelines
    317       1.3 %     346       1.2 %     29       0.6 %
Local authorities
    232       1.0 %     260       0.9 %     28       0.5 %
Independent
    312       1.3 %     338       1.2 %     26       0.5 %
Wireless
    209       0.9 %     234       0.8 %     25       0.5 %
Refining
    220       0.9 %     245       0.8 %     25       0.5 %
Oil field services
    310       1.3 %     332       1.1 %     22       0.4 %
Home construction
    212       0.9 %     234       0.8 %     22       0.4 %
Airlines
    61       0.3 %     80       0.3 %     19       0.4 %
Industrial other
    246       1.0 %     265       0.9 %     19       0.4 %
Technology
    305       1.3 %     324       1.1 %     19       0.4 %


 
127

 

   
As of June 30, 2009
 
                                 
%
 
         
%
         
%
   
Unrealized
   
Unrealized
 
   
Fair
   
Fair
   
Amortized
   
Amortized
   
Loss
   
Loss
 
   
Value
   
Value
   
Cost
   
Cost
   
and OTTI
   
and OTTI
 
(Continued from Above)
                                   
Brokerage
    157       0.7 %     175       0.6 %     18       0.3 %
Lodging
    96       0.4 %     113       0.4 %     17       0.3 %
Packaging
    161       0.7 %     178       0.6 %     17       0.3 %
Healthcare
    255       1.1 %     271       0.9 %     16       0.3 %
Consumer products
    207       0.9 %     223       0.8 %     16       0.3 %
Health insurance
    232       1.0 %     247       0.8 %     15       0.3 %
Railroads
    182       0.8 %     197       0.7 %     15       0.3 %
Integrated
    286       1.2 %     300       1.0 %     14       0.3 %
Automotive
    129       0.5 %     141       0.5 %     12       0.2 %
Industries with unrealized losses
                                               
 less than $10 million
    1,079       4.4 %     1,138       3.8 %     59       1.1 %
Total by industry
  $ 23,938       100.0 %   $ 29,115       100.0 %   $ 5,177       100.0 %
                                                 
Total AFS securities
  $ 55,286             $ 58,967             $ 5,177          
                                                 
Total by industry as a percentage of total AFS securities
    43.3 %             49.4 %             100.0 %        


 
128

 


 
   
As of December 31, 2008
 
         
%
         
%
         
%
 
   
Fair
   
Fair
   
Amortized
   
Amortized
   
Unrealized
   
Unrealized
 
   
Value
   
Value
   
Cost
   
Cost
   
Loss
   
Loss
 
ABS
  $ 1,198       4.0 %   $ 2,380       6.4 %   $ 1,182       16.1 %
Banking
    3,553       12.0 %     4,586       12.3 %     1,033       14.0 %
CMOs
    1,636       5.5 %     2,411       6.5 %     775       10.5 %
CMBSs
    1,632       5.5 %     2,257       6.1 %     625       8.4 %
Electric
    2,906       9.8 %     3,231       8.7 %     325       4.4 %
Pipelines
    1,501       5.1 %     1,763       4.8 %     262       3.5 %
Real estate investment trusts
    649       2.2 %     900       2.4 %     251       3.4 %
Property and casualty insurers
    746       2.5 %     999       2.7 %     253       3.4 %
Metals and mining
    599       2.0 %     767       2.1 %     168       2.3 %
Paper
    397       1.3 %     528       1.4 %     131       1.8 %
Retailers
    539       1.8 %     668       1.8 %     129       1.7 %
Life
    543       1.8 %     667       1.8 %     124       1.7 %
Media - non-cable
    750       2.5 %     867       2.3 %     117       1.6 %
Food and beverage
    1,201       4.1 %     1,306       3.5 %     105       1.4 %
Gaming
    205       0.7 %     303       0.8 %     98       1.3 %
Diversified manufacturing
    686       2.3 %     774       2.1 %     88       1.2 %
Non-captive diversified
    198       0.7 %     281       0.8 %     83       1.1 %
Building materials
    463       1.6 %     545       1.5 %     82       1.1 %
Owned no guarantee
    208       0.7 %     290       0.8 %     82       1.1 %
Independent
    533       1.8 %     615       1.7 %     82       1.1 %
Home construction
    227       0.8 %     308       0.8 %     81       1.1 %
Distributors
    890       3.0 %     971       2.6 %     81       1.1 %
Technology
    511       1.7 %     582       1.6 %     71       1.0 %
Financial - other
    357       1.2 %     427       1.2 %     70       0.9 %
Non-captive consumer
    177       0.6 %     246       0.7 %     69       0.9 %
Automotive
    171       0.6 %     238       0.6 %     67       0.9 %
Integrated
    424       1.4 %     490       1.3 %     66       0.9 %
Transportation services
    373       1.3 %     439       1.2 %     66       0.9 %
Wirelines
    557       1.9 %     617       1.7 %     60       0.8 %
Refining
    285       1.0 %     340       0.9 %     55       0.7 %
Oil field services
    550       1.9 %     604       1.6 %     54       0.7 %
Wireless
    225       0.8 %     278       0.8 %     53       0.7 %
Chemicals
    473       1.6 %     522       1.4 %     49       0.7 %
Non-agency
    94       0.3 %     141       0.4 %     47       0.6 %
Healthcare
    431       1.5 %     477       1.3 %     46       0.6 %
Entertainment
    485       1.6 %     529       1.4 %     44       0.6 %
Health insurance
    334       1.1 %     376       1.0 %     42       0.6 %


 
129

 


   
As of December 31, 2008
 
         
%
         
%
         
%
 
   
Fair
   
Fair
   
Amortized
   
Amortized
   
Unrealized
   
Unrealized
 
   
Value
   
Value
   
Cost
   
Cost
   
Loss
   
Loss
 
(Continued from Above)
                                   
Sovereigns
    118       0.4 %     159       0.4 %     41       0.6 %
Industrial other
    366       1.2 %     404       1.1 %     38       0.5 %
Brokerage
    182       0.6 %     219       0.6 %     37       0.5 %
Consumer products
    434       1.5 %     469       1.3 %     35       0.5 %
Airlines
    72       0.2 %     101       0.3 %     29       0.4 %
Lodging
    85       0.3 %     112       0.3 %     27       0.4 %
Packaging
    158       0.5 %     184       0.5 %     26       0.4 %
Railroads
    232       0.8 %     257       0.7 %     25       0.3 %
Local authorities
    31       0.2 %     45       0.1 %     14       0.2 %
Construction machinery
    238       0.8 %     250       0.7 %     12       0.2 %
Utility - other
    76       0.3 %     86       0.2 %     10       0.1 %
Government sponsored
    15       0.0 %     26       0.1 %     11       0.1 %
Media - cable
    156       0.5 %     167       0.5 %     11       0.1 %
Industries with unrealized losses
                                               
 less than $10 million
    741       2.5 %     809       2.2 %     68       0.9 %
Total by industry
  $ 29,611       100.0 %   $ 37,011       100.0 %   $ 7,400       100.0 %
                                                 
Total AFS securities
  $ 48,395             $ 54,809             $ 7,400          
                                                 
Total by industry as a percentage of total AFS securities
    61.2 %             67.5 %             100.0 %        
 
Unrealized Loss on Below Investment Grade AFS Fixed Maturity Securities

Gross unrealized losses on AFS fixed maturity securities below investment grade fixed maturity securities represented 35.6% and 12.9% of total gross unrealized losses on all AFS securities as of June 30, 2009, and December 31, 2008, respectively.  Generally, below investment grade fixed maturity securities are more likely than investment grade securities to develop credit concerns.  The remaining 64.4 % and 87.1% of the gross unrealized losses as of June 30, 2009, and December 31, 2008, respectively, relate to investment grade AFS securities.  The ratios of estimated fair value to amortized cost reflected in the table below were not necessarily indicative of the market value to amortized cost relationships for the securities throughout the entire time that the securities have been in an unrealized loss position nor are they necessarily indicative of these ratios subsequent to June 30, 2009.


 
130

 

Details underlying fixed maturity securities below investment grade and in an unrealized loss position (in millions) were as follows:

   
Ratio of
 
As of June 30, 2009
 
   
Amortized
             
Unrealized
 
   
Cost to
 
Fair
   
Amortized
   
Loss
 
Aging Category
 
Fair Value
 
Value
   
Cost
   
and OTTI
 
< or = 90 days
 
70% to 100%
  $ 80     $ 86     $ 6  
   
40% to 70%
    116       227       111  
   
Below 40%
    36       135       99  
Total < or = 90 days
        232       448       216  
                             
>90 days but < or = 180 days
 
70% to 100%
    79       91       12  
   
40% to 70%
    25       51       26  
   
Below 40%
    20       97       77  
Total >90 days but < or = 180 days
        124       239       115  
                             
>180 days but < or = 270 days
 
70% to 100%
    125       135       10  
   
40% to 70%
    3       6       3  
   
Below 40%
    -       1       1  
 Total >180 days but < or = 270 days
        128       142       14  
                             
>270 days but < or = 1 year
 
70% to 100%
    525       580       55  
   
40% to 70%
    25       50       25  
   
Below 40%
    7       23       16  
Total >270 days but < or = 1 year
        557       653       96  
                             
>1 year
 
70% to 100%
    1,453       1,722       269  
   
40% to 70%
    822       1,400       578  
   
Below 40%
    220       776       556  
Total  >1 year
        2,495       3,898       1,403  
                             
Total below investment grade
      $ 3,536     $ 5,380     $ 1,844  
                             
Total AFS securities
      $ 55,286     $ 58,967     $ 5,177  
                             
                             
Total below investment grade as a percentage of total AFS securities
        6.4 %     9.1 %     35.6 %

 
 
131

 
 
   
Ratio of
                 
   
Amortized
 
As of December 31, 2008
 
   
Cost to
 
Fair
   
Amortized
   
Unrealized
 
Aging Category
 
Fair Value
 
Value
   
Cost
   
Loss
 
< or = 90 days
 
70% to 100%
  $ 253     $ 268     $ 15  
   
40% to 70%
    17       31       14  
   
Below 40%
    1       5       4  
Total < or = 90 days
        271       304       33  
                             
>90 days but < or = 180 days
 
70% to 100%
    291       336       45  
   
40% to 70%
    41       66       25  
   
Below 40%
    -       -       -  
Total >90 days but < or = 180 days
        332       402       70  
                             
>180 days but < or = 270 days
 
70% to 100%
    310       349       39  
   
40% to 70%
    83       140       57  
   
Below 40%
    9       37       28  
 Total >180 days but < or = 270 days
        402       526       124  
                             
>270 days but < or = 1 year
 
70% to 100%
    114       141       27  
   
40% to 70%
    35       66       31  
   
Below 40%
    9       28       19  
Total >270 days but < or = 1 year
        158       235       77  
                             
>1 year
 
70% to 100%
    501       605       104  
   
40% to 70%
    339       604       265  
   
Below 40%
    98       376       278  
Total  >1 year
        938       1,585       647  
                             
Total below investment grade
      $ 2,101     $ 3,052     $ 951  
                             
Total AFS securities
      $ 48,395     $ 54,809     $ 7,400  
                             
Total below investment grade as a percentage of total AFS securities
        4.3 %     5.6 %     12.9 %


 
132

 

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate

The following summarizes key information on mortgage loans (in millions):

   
As of June 30, 2009
       
As of June 30, 2009
 
   
Amount
   
%
       
Amount
   
%
 
Property Type
             
State Exposure
           
Office building
  $ 2,570       34 %  
CA
  $ 1,561       21 %
Industrial
    1,960       26 %  
TX
    637       9 %
Retail
    1,756       24 %  
MD
    433       6 %
Apartment
    670       9 %  
FL
    332       4 %
Hotel/Motel
    280       4 %  
VA
    330       4 %
Mixed use
    133       2 %  
TN
    314       4 %
Other commercial
    99       1 %  
AZ
    308       4 %
    $ 7,468       100 %  
WA
    292       4 %
                   
IL
    274       4 %
                   
NC
    268       4 %
                   
GA
    246       3 %
Geographic Region
                 
PA
    229       3 %
Pacific
  $ 1,990       27 %  
NV
    206       3 %
South Atlantic
    1,756       23 %  
OH
    198       2 %
East North Central
    765       10 %  
IN
    180       2 %
Mountain
    719       10 %  
MA
    157       2 %
West South Central
    678       9 %  
MN
    154       2 %
Middle Atlantic
    502       7 %  
NJ
    143       2 %
East South Central
    447       6 %  
SC
    132       2 %
West North Central
    398       5 %  
NY
    130       2 %
New England
    213       3 %  
Other states under 2%
    944       13 %
    $ 7,468       100 %       $ 7,468       100 %
 
All mortgage loans that are impaired have an established allowance for credit loss.  Changing economic conditions impact our valuation of mortgage loans.  Changing vacancies and rents are incorporated into the discounted cash flow analysis that we perform for monitored loans and may contribute to the establishment of (or an increase or decrease in) an allowance for credit losses.  In addition, we continue to monitor the entire commercial mortgage loan portfolio to identify risk.  Areas of emphasis are properties that have deteriorating credits or have experienced debt coverage reduction.  Where warranted, we have established or increased loss reserves based upon this analysis.  There were six impaired mortgage loans as of June 30, 2009, or 0.35% of total dollar amount of mortgage loans, and no impaired mortgage loans as of December 31, 2008.  As of June 30, 2009, there were six commercial mortgage loans that were two or more payments delinquent.  As of December 31, 2008, there were no commercial mortgage loans that were two or more payments delinquent.  The total principal and interest past due on the mortgage loans as of June 30, 2009, was $1 million or 0.6% of total mortgage loans.  See Note 1 in our 2008 Form 10-K for more information regarding our accounting policy relating to the impairment of mortgage loans.


 
133

 

Alternative Investments

The carrying value of our consolidated alternative investments by business segment (in millions), which consists primarily of investments in limited partnerships, was as follows:

   
As of
   
As of
 
   
June 30,
   
December 31,
 
   
2009
   
2008
 
Retirement Solutions:
           
Annuities
  $ 87     $ 89  
Defined Contribution
    69       72  
Insurance Solutions:
               
Life Insurance
    520       603  
Group Protection
    35       8  
Other Operations
    (12 )     4  
Total alternative investments
  $ 699     $ 776  
 
Income (loss) derived from our consolidated alternative investments by business segment (in millions) was as follows:

   
For the Three
     
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
     
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
     
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
 
Change
 
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Retirement Solutions:
                               
Annuities
  $ (8 )   $ -  
NM
  $ (8 )   $ (1 )  
NM
 
Defined Contribution
    (5 )     (1 )
NM
    (5 )     (3 )     -67 %
Insurance Solutions:
                                         
Life Insurance
    (56 )     14  
NM
    (62 )     13    
NM
 
Group Protection
    (3 )     -  
NM
    (3 )     -       NM  
Other Operations
    1       -  
NM
    1       (1 )     200 %
Total alternative investments (1)
  $ (71 )   $ 13  
NM
  $ (77 )   $ 8    
NM
 

(1)
Includes net investment income on the alternative investments supporting the required statutory surplus of our insurance businesses.

The decline in our investment income on alternative investments in the six months ended June 30, 2009 as compared to the same period in 2008 presented in the table above was due to the impact of audit adjustments related to completion of calendar-year financial statement audits of the investees within our portfolio and continued deterioration of the financial markets.  The nature of these adjustments is discussed further below.  This weakness was concentrated primarily in our energy, domestic venture capital and real estate limited partnership holdings.

As of June 30, 2009, and December 31, 2008, alternative investments included investments in approximately 102 different partnerships.  The partnerships represent a broadly diversified portfolio of asset classes.  The investment strategy of the alternative investment portfolio is to provide incremental investment income compared to the traditional fixed-income and equity markets over a long term investment horizon.  In addition, the portfolio represents approximately less than 1% of our overall invested assets.  The portfolio is actively monitored to minimize the likelihood of material investment income losses.

 
134

 

The carrying value of our consolidated alternative investments by asset class (in millions) was as follows:

   
As of
   
As of
 
   
June 30,
   
December 31,
 
   
2009
   
2008
 
             
Venture capital
  $ 320     $ 341  
Hedge funds
    180       223  
Real estate
    100       110  
Oil & gas
    99       102  
Total alternative investments
  $ 699     $ 776  
 
The partnerships do not represent off-balance sheet financing and generally involve several third-party partners.  Some of our partnerships contain capital calls, which require us to contribute capital upon notification by the general partner.  These capital calls are contemplated during the initial investment decision and are planned for well in advance of the call date.  The capital calls are not material in size and are not material to our liquidity.  The capital calls are included on the table of contingent commitments in “Review of Consolidated Financial Condition – Liquidity and Capital Resources” in our 2008 Form 10-K.  Alternative investments are accounted for using the equity method of accounting and are included in other investments on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Our venture capital portfolio is mainly comprised of private equity investments in various leveraged buyout and venture capital limited partnerships, which in turn, invest in a well-diversified portfolio across various industry sectors, geographies, and investment stages.  The objective of making such investments is to achieve an excess long-term risk-adjusted return.

The hedge fund portfolio is broadly diversified and contains exposure to the strategies which we believe will have the best long-term risk-adjusted returns.

The real estate limited partnership portfolio tries to capture value-added returns in both equity and mezzanine positions in both traditional and specialized areas of the commercial and residential real estate markets including workforce housing.

Similar to our venture capital portfolio, we invest in various oil-and-gas limited partnerships that target a well diversified energy sector including exploration and production, storage and distribution (midstream), oil field services, and other energy-related services.

We account for our investments in limited partnerships (“LPs”) using the equity method to determine the GAAP carrying value.  The LPs where LNC is a participant generally report their assets at fair value.  Since the assets of the LPs are measured at fair value and the values of the LPs’ liabilities would generally approximate fair value according to the audited financial statements received from the partnerships, the GAAP carrying value on our consolidated balance sheet would approximate a fair value for our LP investments.

Annually during the second quarter we obtain audited financial statements for our alternative investment partnerships for the preceding calendar year and recognize adjustments to the extent that audited equity of the investee differs from the equity used for reporting in prior quarters.  Accordingly, our investment income from alternative investments for any calendar year period may not include the complete impact of the change in the underlying net assets for the partnership for that calendar year period.  When we record investee audit adjustments it impacts our investment income from alternative investments in the period that the adjustments are recorded.  Our investment income from alternative investments for the second quarter of 2009 included a pre-tax loss of $71 million, of which $57 million of the losses were attributable to audit adjustments to partnerships’ 2008 financial statements.  The breakdown of these audit adjustments by segment were as follows:  $50 million for Insurance Solutions – Life Insurance; $1 million for Insurance Solutions – Group Protection; $3 million for Retirement Solutions – Annuities; and $3 million for Retirement Solutions – Defined Contribution.
 
Non-Income Producing Investments

As of June 30, 2009, and December 31, 2008, the carrying amount of fixed maturity securities, mortgage loans on real estate and real estate that were non-income producing was $32 million and $15 million, respectively.


 
135

 

Net Investment Income

Details underlying net investment income (loss) (in millions) and our investment yield were as follows:

   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Net Investment Income
                                   
Fixed maturity AFS securities
  $ 854     $ 835       2 %   $ 1,679     $ 1,677       0 %
Equity AFS securities
    2       7       -71 %     3       16       -81 %
Trading securities
    39       42       -7 %     79       85       -7 %
Mortgage loans on real estate
    117       119       -2 %     236       235       0 %
Real estate
    4       5       -20 %     6       11       -45 %
Standby real estate equity commitments
    -       1       -100 %     1       2       -50 %
Policy loans
    42       43       -2 %     86       88       -2 %
Invested cash
    4       13       -69 %     12       29       -59 %
Commercial mortgage loan prepayment and
                                               
bond makewhole premiums (1)
    4       14       -71 %     4       19       -79 %
Alternative investments (2)
    (71 )     13    
NM
      (77 )     8    
NM
 
Consent fees
    2       2       0 %     2       2       0 %
Other investments
    2       (6 )     133 %     5       (4 )     225 %
Investment income
    999       1,088       -8 %     2,036       2,168       -6 %
Investment expense
    (28 )     (31 )     10 %     (52 )     (66 )     21 %
Net investment income
  $ 971     $ 1,057       -8 %   $ 1,984     $ 2,102       -6 %

(1)
See “Commercial Mortgage Loan Prepayment and Bond Makewhole Premiums” below for additional information.
(2)
See “Alternative Investments” above for additional information.
 
   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
   
Basis
   
Months Ended
   
Basis
 
   
June 30,
   
Point
   
June 30,
   
Point
 
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Interest Rate Yield
                                   
Fixed maturity securities, mortgage loans on
                                   
real estate and other, net of investment expenses
    5.82 %     5.85 %     (3 )     5.83 %     5.91 %     (8 )
Commercial mortgage loan prepayment and
                                               
bond makewhole premiums
    0.02 %     0.08 %     (6 )     0.01 %     0.05 %     (4 )
Alternative investments
    -0.40 %     0.07 %     (47 )     -0.22 %     0.02 %     (24 )
Consent fees
    0.01 %     0.01 %     -       0.01 %     0.01 %     -  
Standby real estate equity commitments
    0.00 %     0.01 %     (1 )     0.00 %     0.01 %     (1 )
Net investment income yield on invested assets
    5.45 %     6.02 %     (57 )     5.63 %     6.00 %     (37 )
 
   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Average invested assets at amortized cost
  $ 71,331     $ 70,227       1.6 %   $ 70,457     $ 70,107       0.5 %


 
136

 
 
We earn investment income on our general account assets supporting fixed annuity, term life, whole life, UL and interest-sensitive whole life insurance products.  The profitability of our fixed annuity and life insurance products is affected by our ability to achieve target spreads, or margins, between the interest income earned on the general account assets and the interest credited to the contract holder on our average fixed account values, including the fixed portion of variable.  Net investment income and the interest rate yield table each include commercial mortgage loan prepayments and bond makewhole premiums, alternative investments and contingent interest and standby real estate equity commitments.  These items can vary significantly from period to period due to a number of factors and therefore can provide results that are not indicative of the underlying trends.
 
The decline in net investment income when comparing the first six months of 2009 to the same period in 2008 was attributable to our liquidity strategy of maintaining higher cash balances during the recent volatile markets which has reduced our portfolio yield and a decline in investment income on alternative investments.  We expect to reduce this excess liquidity in future quarters as a result of the recent improvement in the capital markets.

Standby Real Estate Equity Commitments

Periodically, we enter into standby commitments, which obligate us to purchase real estate at a specified cost if a third-party sale does not occur within approximately one year after construction is completed.  These commitments are used by a developer to obtain a construction loan from an outside lender on favorable terms.  In return for issuing the commitment, we receive an annual fee and a percentage of the profit when the property is sold.  Our long-term expectation is that we will be obligated to fund a small portion of these commitments.  However, due to the current economic environment, we may experience increased funding obligations.

As of June 30, 2009, and December 31, 2008, we had standby real estate equity commitments totaling $214 million and $267 million, respectively.  During the six months ended June 30, 2009, we funded commitments of $46 million and the fair value of the associated real estate of $32 million is included on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, which resulted in the recognition of $14 million in realized losses.  In addition, we recorded an estimated loss of $20 million in the second quarter of 2009 on one project due to our belief that our requirement to fund the project in accordance with the Standby Contingent Equity Acquisition Program (“CAP”) agreement is probable.

Commercial Mortgage Loan Prepayment and Bond Makewhole Premiums

Prepayment and makewhole premiums are collected when borrowers elect to call or prepay their debt prior to the stated maturity.  A prepayment or makewhole premium allows investors to attain the same yield as if the borrower made all scheduled interest payments until maturity.  These premiums are designed to make investors indifferent to prepayment.

The decline in prepayment and makewhole premiums when comparing the six months ended June 30, 2009 to 2008 was attributable primarily to the continued tightening of credit conditions in the market resulting in less refinancing activity and less prepayment income.


 
137

 

Realized Loss Related to Investments

The detail of the realized loss related to investments (in millions) was as follows:

   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Fixed maturity AFS securities:
             
Gross gains
  $ 33     $ 17       94 %   $ 86     $ 25       244 %
Gross losses
    (172 )     (125 )     -38 %     (413 )     (220 )     -88 %
Equity AFS securities:
                 
Gross gains
    1       -    
NM
      4       -    
NM
 
Gross losses
    (6 )     (6 )     0 %     (9 )     (6 )     -50 %
Gain on other investments
    (58 )     3    
NM
      (60 )     28    
NM
 
Associated amortization expense of DAC, VOBA,
                 
DSI and DFEL and changes in other contract
                 
holder funds and funds withheld
                 
reinsurance liabilities
    48       23       109 %     104       47       121 %
Total realized loss on investments, excluding
    (154 )     (88 )     -75 %     (288 )     (126 )  
NM
 
trading securities
                 
Loss on certain derivative instruments
    (4 )     (29 )     86 %     (20 )     (32 )     38 %
Total realized loss on investments and
                 
certain derivative instruments,
                 
excluding trading securities
  $ (158 )   $ (117 )     -35 %   $ (308 )   $ (158 )     -95 %

Amortization expense of DAC, VOBA, DSI, DFEL and changes in other contract holder funds reflects an assumption for an expected level of credit-related investment losses.  When actual credit-related investment losses are realized, we recognize a true up to our DAC, VOBA, DSI and DFEL amortization and changes in other contract holder funds within realized loss reflecting the incremental impact of actual versus expected credit-related investment losses.  These actual to expected amortization adjustments could create volatility in net realized gains and losses.  The write-down for impairments includes both credit-related and interest-rate related impairments.

Realized gains and losses generally originate from asset sales to reposition the portfolio or to respond to product experience.  During the first six months of 2009 and 2008, we sold securities for gains and losses.  In the process of evaluating whether a security with an unrealized loss reflects declines that are other-than-temporary, we consider our ability and intent to sell the security prior to a recovery of value.  However, subsequent decisions on securities sales are made within the context of overall risk monitoring, assessing value relative to other comparable securities and overall portfolio maintenance.  Although our portfolio managers may, at a given point in time, believe that the preferred course of action is to hold securities with unrealized losses that are considered temporary until such losses are recovered, the dynamic nature of portfolio management may result in a subsequent decision to sell.  These subsequent decisions are consistent with the classification of our investment portfolio as AFS.  We expect to continue to manage all non-trading invested assets within our portfolios in a manner that is consistent with the AFS classification.

We consider economic factors and circumstances within countries and industries where recent write-downs have occurred in our assessment of the status of securities we own of similarly situated issuers.  While it is possible for realized or unrealized losses on a particular investment to affect other investments, our risk management has been designed to identify correlation risks and other risks inherent in managing an investment portfolio.  Once identified, strategies and procedures are developed to effectively monitor and manage these risks.  The areas of risk correlation that we pay particular attention to are risks that may be correlated within specific financial and business markets, risks within specific industries and risks associated with related parties.


 
138

 

When the detailed analysis by our credit analysts and investment portfolio managers leads to the conclusion that a security’s decline in fair value is other-than-temporary, the security is written down to estimated recovery value.  In instances where declines are considered temporary, the security will continue to be carefully monitored.  See “Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis – Introduction – Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” in our 2008 Form 10-K for additional information on our portfolio management strategy.

Details underlying write-downs taken as a result of OTTIs (in millions) that were recognized in net income (loss) were as follows:
 
   
For the Three
         
For the Six
       
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
       
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
       
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
 
Fixed Maturity Securities
                                   
Corporate bonds
  $ 75     $ 37       103 %   $ 157     $ 127       24 %
MBS:
                                               
CMOs
    61       77       -21 %     142       77       84 %
ABS:
                                               
CDOs
    30       -    
NM
      30       1    
NM
 
Hybrid and redeemable preferred stock
    -       -    
NM
      1       -    
NM
 
Total fixed maturity securities
    166       114       46 %     330       205       61 %
Equity Securities
                                               
Other financial services securities
    -       -    
NM
      3       -    
NM
 
Other securities
    6       6       0 %     6       6       0 %
Total equity securities
    6       6       0 %     9       6       50 %
Gross OTTI recognized in
                                               
net income (loss)
    172       120       43 %     339       211       61 %
Associated amortization expense
                                               
of DAC, VOBA, DSI and DFEL
    (54 )     (20 )  
NM
      (100 )     (53 )     -89 %
Net OTTI recognized in
                                               
net income (loss), pre-tax
  $ 118     $ 100       18 %   $ 239     $ 158       51 %

When comparing the first six months of 2009 to 2008, the increase in write-downs for OTTIs on our AFS securities were attributable primarily to unfavorable changes in credit quality on certain corporate bond holdings within the Financial, Automotive and Gaming sectors, as well as deteriorating fundamentals within the housing market which affected select RMBS holdings.

The $172 million of impairments taken during the first six months of 2009 are split between $168 million of credit related impairments and $4 million on non-credit related impairments.  The credit related impairments are largely attributable to our Automotive and Gaming sector holdings, RMBS, and mortgage related ABS holdings that have suffered from continued deterioration in housing fundamentals.  Additionally, we wrote down our investment in CIT Group, Inc. by $42 million during the second quarter of 2009.  The non-credit related impairments were incurred due to declines in values of securities for which we have an intent to sell.
 
 
139

 

REINSURANCE
 
Our insurance companies cede insurance to other companies.  The portion of risks exceeding each of our insurance companies’ retention limits is reinsured with other insurers.  We seek reinsurance coverage within the businesses that sell life insurance to limit our exposure to mortality losses and enhance our capital management.  We utilize inter-company reinsurance agreements to manage our statutory capital position as well as our hedge program for variable annuity guarantees.  These inter-company agreements do not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Portions of our deferred annuity business have been reinsured on a modified coinsurance basis with other companies to limit our exposure to interest rate risks.  As of June 30, 2009, the reserves associated with these reinsurance arrangements totaled $1.0 billion.  To cover products other than life insurance, we acquire other insurance coverage with retentions and limits that management believes are appropriate for the circumstances.  The consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 reflect premiums, benefits and DAC, net of insurance ceded.  Our insurance companies remain liable if their reinsurers are unable to meet contractual obligations under applicable reinsurance agreements.
 
Our amounts recoverable from reinsurers represent receivables from and reserves ceded to reinsurers.  As of June 30, 2009, and December 31, 2008, the amounts recoverable from reinsurers were $7.7 billion and $8.4 billion, respectively.  We obtain reinsurance from a diverse group of reinsurers, and we monitor concentration and financial strength ratings of our principal reinsurers.  Swiss Re represents our largest exposure.  In 2001, we sold our reinsurance business to Swiss Re primarily through indemnity reinsurance arrangements.  Because we are not relieved of our liability to the ceding companies for this business, the liabilities and obligations associated with the reinsured policies remain on our Consolidated Balance Sheets with a corresponding reinsurance receivable from the business sold to Swiss Re, which totaled $3.2 billion and $4.5 billion as of June 30, 2009, and December 31, 2008, respectively.  Swiss Re has funded a trust with a balance of $1.9 billion as of June 30, 2009, to support this business.  As a result of Swiss Re’s S&P financial strength rating dropping below AA-, Swiss Re was required to fund additional trusts of approximately $1.8 billion as of June 30, 2009, to support this business.  In addition to various remedies that we would have in the event of a default by Swiss Re, we continue to hold assets in support of certain of the transferred reserves.  These assets consist of those reported as trading securities and certain mortgage loans.  Our liability for funds withheld and our asset for embedded derivatives included $1.2 billion and $27 million, respectively, as of June 30, 2009, related to the business sold to Swiss Re.

We sold a block of disability income business to Swiss Re as part of several indemnity reinsurance transactions executed in 2001, as discussed above.  On January 24, 2009, an award of rescission was declared related to an ongoing dispute between us and Swiss Re for this treaty, which requires us to be fully responsible for all claims incurred and liabilities supporting this block as if the reinsurance treaty never existed.  See Note 11 for a discussion of the affects of the rescission.

On March 31, 2009, we entered into a 55% coinsurance agreement whereby we ceded a closed block of business consisting of certain UL and VUL insurance products to a third party reinsurer.  See “Results of Insurance Solutions – Insurance Solutions – Life Insurance” and “Review of Consolidated Financial Condition” for more information.

From July 2007 until June 2008, we reinsured our Lincoln SmartSecurity® Advantage rider related to our variable annuities.  Swiss Re provided 50% quota share coinsurance of our lifetime GWB, Lincoln SmartSecurity® Advantage, for business written in 2007 and 2008, up to a total of $3.8 billion in deposits.

For factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth in this section, see “Part I – Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2008 Form 10-K, as updated in “Part II – Item 1A. Risk Factors” below, and “Forward-Looking Statements – Cautionary Language” in this report.


 
140

 

REVIEW OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL CONDITION

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of Liquidity and Cash Flow
 
Liquidity refers to the ability of an enterprise to generate adequate amounts of cash from its normal operations to meet cash requirements with a prudent margin of safety.  Our principal sources of cash flow from operating activities are insurance premiums and fees, investment advisory fees and investment income, while sources of cash flows from investing activities result from maturities and sales of invested assets.  Our operating activities provided cash of $447 million and $451 million for the first six months of 2009 and 2008, respectively.  When considering our liquidity and cash flow, it is important to distinguish between the needs of our insurance subsidiaries and the needs of the holding company, LNC.  As a holding company with no operations of its own, LNC derives its cash primarily from its operating subsidiaries.

The sources of liquidity of the holding company are principally comprised of dividends and interest payments from subsidiaries, augmented by holding company short-term investments, bank lines of credit, a commercial paper program and the ongoing availability of long-term public financing under an SEC-filed shelf registration statement.  These sources of liquidity and cash flow support the general corporate needs of the holding company, including its common stock dividends, interest and debt service, funding of callable securities, securities repurchases and acquisitions.

The disruptions in the capital markets experienced in the second half of 2008 continued into 2009.  During this extraordinary market environment, management continually monitored and adjusted its liquidity and capital plans for LNC and its subsidiaries in light of changing needs and opportunities.  To strengthen the capital position of our principal insurance subsidiaries and provide holding company liquidity during this period of volatility in the capital and credit markets, we issued common stock and debt during the second quarter of 2009 and issued preferred stock and a common stock warrant through the TARP CPP in July of 2009, which is discussed in more detail below in “Financing Activities.”

We believe that the rating agencies may heighten the level of scrutiny that they apply to the U.S. life insurance sector, may increase the frequency and scope of their credit reviews, may request additional information from the companies that they rate and may adjust upward the capital and other requirements employed in the rating agency models for maintenance of certain ratings levels.  In addition, actions we take to access third party financing may in turn cause rating agencies to reevaluate our ratings.  For more information about ratings, see “Introduction – Executive Summary – Current Market Conditions – Ratings” above and “Part I – Item 1. Business – Ratings” in our 2008 Form 10-K.


 
141

 

Details underlying the primary sources of our holding company cash flows (in millions) were as follows:

   
For the Three
   
For the Six
   
For the
 
   
Months Ended
   
Months Ended
   
Year Ended
 
   
June 30,
   
June 30,
   
December 31,
 
   
2009
   
2008
   
2009
   
2008
   
2008
 
Dividends from Subsidiaries
                             
LNL, excluding Lincoln Financial Media
  $ 403     $ 100     $ 403     $ 300     $ 400  
Lincoln Financial Media (1)
    4       3       4       653       659  
First Penn-Pacific
    50       50       50       50       50  
Delaware Investments
    3       13       5       28       51  
Lincoln Barbados
    300       -       300       -       -  
Lincoln UK
    -       24       -       24       24  
Other
    -       -       -       -       54  
Loan Repayments and Interest from
                                       
 Subsidiary
                                       
LNL interest on intercompany notes (2)
    19       19       41       41       83  
    $ 779     $ 209     $ 803     $ 1,096     $ 1,321  
Other Cash Flow and Liquidity Items
                                       
Net proceeds on common stock issuance
  $ 660     $ -     $ 660     $ -     $ -  
Net capital received from stock option exercises
    -       10       -       13       15  
    $ 660     $ 10     $ 660     $ 13     $ 15  
 
(1)
For 2008, amount includes proceeds on the sale of certain discontinued media operations.
(2)
Primarily represents interest on the holding company’s $1.3 billion in surplus note investments in LNL.

The table above focuses on significant and recurring cash flow items and excludes the effects of certain financing activities, namely the periodic issuance and retirement of debt and cash flows related to our inter-company cash management program (discussed below).  Taxes have been eliminated from the analysis due to a tax sharing agreement among our primary subsidiaries resulting in a modest impact on net cash flows at the holding company.  Also excluded from this analysis is the modest amount of investment income on short-term investments of the holding company.

Dividends from Subsidiaries

Our insurance subsidiaries are subject to certain insurance department regulatory restrictions as to the transfer of funds and payment of dividends to the holding company.  Under Indiana laws and regulations, our Indiana insurance subsidiaries, including our primary insurance subsidiary, LNL, may pay dividends to LNC without prior approval of the Indiana Insurance Commissioner (the “Commissioner”) up to a certain threshold, or must receive prior approval of the Commissioner to pay a dividend if such dividend, along with all other dividends paid within the preceding twelve consecutive months exceed the statutory limitation.  The current statutory limitation is the greater of 10% of the insurer’s contract holders’ surplus, as shown on its last annual statement on file with the Commissioner or the insurer’s statutory net gain from operations for the prior calendar year.  As discussed in “Part I – Item 1. Business – Regulatory – Insurance Regulation” in our 2008 Form 10-K, we may not consider the benefit from the permitted practice to the prescribed statutory accounting principles relating to our insurance subsidiaries’ deferred tax assets in calculating available dividends.  Indiana law gives the Commissioner broad discretion to disapprove requests for dividends in excess of these limits.  New York, the state of domicile of our other major insurance subsidiary, LLANY, has similar restrictions, except that in New York it is the lesser of 10% of surplus to contract holders as of the immediately preceding calendar year or net gain from operations for the immediately preceding calendar year, not including realized capital gains.

We expect our domestic insurance subsidiaries could pay dividends of approximately $550 million in 2009 without prior approval from the respective state commissioners.  The amount of surplus that our insurance subsidiaries could pay as dividends is constrained by the amount of surplus we hold to maintain our ratings, to provide an additional layer of margin for risk protection and for future investment in our businesses.


 
142

 

We maintain an investment portfolio of various holdings, types and maturities.  These investments are subject to general credit, liquidity, market and interest rate risks.  An extended disruption in the credit and capital markets could adversely affect LNC and its subsidiaries’ ability to access sources of liquidity, and there can be no assurance that additional financing will be available to us on favorable terms, or at all, in the current market environment.  In addition, further other-than-temporary impairments could reduce our statutory surplus, leading to lower RBC ratios and potentially reducing future dividend capacity from our insurance subsidiaries.

Subsidiaries’ Statutory Reserving and Surplus

Our insurance subsidiaries have statutory surplus and RBC levels above current regulatory required levels.  As mentioned earlier in “Results of Insurance Solutions – Insurance Solutions – Life Insurance,” more than 67% and 70% of our life sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, respectively, consisted of products containing secondary guarantees, which require reserving practices under AG38.  Our insurance subsidiaries are employing strategies to lessen the burden of increased AG38 and Valuation of Life Insurance Policies Model Regulation (“XXX”) statutory reserves associated with certain UL products and other products with secondary guarantees subject to these statutory reserving requirements.

Included in the letters of credit (“LOCs”) issued as of June 30, 2009, reported in the revolving credit facilities table below in “Financing Activities,” was approximately $1.5 billion of LOCs supporting the reinsurance obligations of LNBAR on UL business with secondary guarantees.  Recognizing that LOCs are generally one to five years in duration, it is likely that our insurance companies will apply a mix of LOCs, reinsurance and capital market strategies in addressing long-term AG38 and XXX needs.  LOCs and related capital market alternatives lower the RBC impact of the UL business with secondary guarantee products.  An inability to obtain the necessary LOC capacity or other capital market alternatives could impact our returns on UL business with secondary guarantee products.

We are continuing to pursue capital management strategies related to our AG38 reserves involving reinsurance and securitizations.  As mentioned above in “Reinsurance,” we entered into a coinsurance agreement on March 31, 2009.  The transaction resulted in the release of approximately $240 million of statutory capital previously supporting a closed block of business of certain UL and VUL insurance products and an RBC benefit of approximately 20 percentage points in 2009.  See “Part I – Item 1A. Risk Factors – Attempts to mitigate the impact of Regulation XXX and Actuarial Guideline 38 may fail in whole or in part resulting in an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations” in our 2008 Form 10-K for further information on XXX reserves.  In addition, a portion of our term life insurance business is reinsured with a domestic reinsurance captive as part of our overall strategy of managing the statutory capital of our insurance subsidiaries.  There are no outstanding LOCs related to this business.

As a result of recent financing activities discussed below and upon the closing of the TARP CPP, we contributed $1.0 billion to our principal life insurance subsidiary in July 2009.  In addition, we contributed media assets to our principal life insurance subsidiary during the second quarter of 2009, which increased our statutory capital by $285 million.

In September of 2008, the NAIC adopted a new statutory reserving standard, VACARVM, which will be effective as of December 31, 2009.  We are currently in the process of evaluating the impact of adopting VACARVM.  This reserving requirement will replace current statutory reserving practices for variable annuities with guaranteed benefits and has the potential to require statutory reserves well in excess of current levels for certain variable annuity riders sold by us.  The actual impact of the adoption will be dependent upon several factors including account values and market conditions that exist as of December 31, 2009, the value of derivative and other assets supporting reserves whose change in value may be uncorrelated with the new reserving requirements and the use of captive or third-party reinsurance.  Our current capital plan assumes a $500 million impact related to VACARVM, recognizing that this is a preliminary estimate, and contemplates actions to better manage the capital requirements as we move towards implementation.  Markets will greatly influence the ultimate capital required due to their impact on the valuation of reserves and derivative assets hedging these reserves.  We continue to evaluate the impact of VACARVM requirements on our capital position and reserving assumptions.  Our estimates of the expected impact may change as we conduct further analysis prior to implementation. We are analyzing the current use of existing captive reinsurance structures, as well as additional third-party reinsurance arrangements, and hedging strategies relative to managing the negative impact on the level and volatility of statutory capital and dividend capacity in our life insurance subsidiaries.  Depending on market conditions, reinsurance solutions and hedging strategies, additional statutory reserves could lead to lower RBC ratios and potentially reduce future dividend capacity of our insurance subsidiaries.  


 
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As a result of the equity market impacts in the second quarter of 2009, we experienced an increase in the statutory reserve adjustment under the Commissioners Annuity Reserve Valuation Method (“CARVM”) for our annuity products and lower net reserves for GDB riders.  CARVM is the current statutory actuarial method used for determining reserves for the base annuity contract.  The impact of these items increased statutory surplus of our statutory insurance companies by approximately $130 million in the second quarter of 2009.  We estimate that an S&P level of 800, a 13% drop from the June 30, 2009, level, would result in a decrease in the CARVM statutory reserve adjustment and increase in statutory net GDB reserves, and thereby, reduce statutory surplus of LNL by $75 million to $95 million at the end of the third quarter of 2009.  As a result, the estimated RBC ratio on a consolidated basis as of September 30, 2009, under this scenario would be reduced by approximately 10 percentage points.  The estimated capital impact is based on the current statutory reserve formulas and does not take into account the reserve and asset adequacy analysis performed by our actuaries on an annual basis to determine appropriateness of the reserves at year end.  This analysis incorporates the adequacy of assets in LNBAR, our captive reinsurance company, supporting the liabilities that it assumes from LNL.  The outcome of this analysis may result in an additional reserve increase and could further reduce the RBC ratio. 

The sensitivity of our statutory reserves and surplus established for our variable annuity base contracts and riders to changes in the equity markets will vary depending on the magnitude of the decline.  The sensitivity will be affected by the level of account values relative to the level of guaranteed amounts, product design and reinsurance.  Statutory reserves for variable annuities depend upon the cumulative equity market impacts on the business in force and therefore result in non-linear relationships with respect to the level of equity market performance within any reporting period.  The RBC ratio is also affected by the product mix of the in-force book of business (i.e. the amount of business without guarantees is not subject to the same level of reserves as the business with guarantees).  The RBC ratio of LNL is an important factor in the determination of the credit and financial strength ratings of LNC and its subsidiaries.  The market value of our separate account assets increased during the first six months of 2009, resulting in a $53 million increase in statutory surplus.  The separate accounts include the impact of our variable annuities and also our credit-linked notes.  However, our separate account assets remained less than the guaranteed liabilities that they support as of June 30, 2009.  Future declines in the market values of our separate account assets could cause future reductions in the surplus of LNL, which may impact its RBC ratio and dividend capacity. 

Financing Activities
 
Although our subsidiaries currently generate adequate cash flow to meet the needs of our normal operations, periodically we may issue debt or equity securities to maintain ratings and increase liquidity, as well as to fund internal growth, acquisitions and the retirement of our debt and equity securities.

We currently have an effective shelf registration statement, which allows us to issue, in unlimited amounts, securities, including debt securities, preferred stock, common stock, warrants, stock purchase contracts, stock purchase units, depository shares and trust preferred securities of our affiliated trusts.

On July 10, 2009, we issued and sold to the U.S. Treasury 950,000 shares of Series B preferred stock together with a related warrant to purchase up to 13,049,451 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $10.92 per share, in accordance with the terms of the TARP CPP, for an aggregate purchase price of $950 million.  Holders of this Series B preferred stock are entitled to a cumulative cash dividend at the annual rate per share of 5% of the liquidation preference, $1,000 per share, or $48 million annually, for the first five years from issuance.  After July 10, 2014, if the preferred shares are still outstanding, the annual dividend rate will increase to 9% per year.  We intend to repay this financing prior to the increase in the dividend rate, taking into consideration appropriate balance sheet strength and capital market conditions.

On June 22, 2009, we closed on the issuance and sale of 40 million shares of our common stock at a price to the public of $15.00 per share, and we also completed the issuance and sale of $500 million aggregate principal amount of our 8.75% senior notes due 2019.  On June 25, 2009, we closed on the issuance and sale of 6 million additional shares of our common stock at a price of $15.00 per share to the underwriters who exercised their over-allotment option.  The net proceeds from these offerings were approximately $1.1 billion.

As mentioned above, we contributed $1.0 billion of the proceeds of these recent financing activities to our principal insurance subsidiary in July 2009, and we retained the remaining $1.1 billion at the holding company for general corporate purposes, including the repayment of short-term debt and investment in our core businesses.

We announced on June 15, 2009, that we entered into a share purchase agreement to sell Lincoln UK.  The transaction is anticipated to close during the fourth quarter of 2009, and we expect that the proceeds of approximately $280 million to $300 million, net of tax, and subject to foreign currency fluctuations, will be used for general corporate purposes.


 
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Details underlying debt and financing activities (in millions) were as follows:

   
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2009
 
                     
Change
             
               
Maturities
   
in Fair
             
   
Beginning
         
and
   
Value
   
Other
   
Ending
 
   
Balance
   
Issuance
   
Repayments
   
Hedges
   
Changes (1)
   
Balance
 
Short-Term Debt
                                   
Commercial paper
  $ 315     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ (112 )   $ 203  
Current maturities of long-term debt
    500       -       (500 )     -       250       250  
Other short-term debt
    -       -       -       -       2       2  
Total short-term debt
  $ 815     $ -     $ (500 )   $ -     $ 140     $ 455  
                                                 
Long-Term Debt
                                               
Senior notes
  $ 2,555     $ 495     $ -     $ (116 )   $ (249 )   $ 2,685  
Bank borrowing
    200       -       -       -       -       200  
Federal Home Loan Bank
                                               
of Indianapolis ("FHLBI") advance
    250       -       -       -       -       250  
Junior subordinated debentures
                                               
issued to affiliated trusts
    155       -       -       -       -       155  
Capital securities
    1,571       -       (87 )     -       1       1,485  
Total long-term debt
  $ 4,731     $ 495     $ (87 )   $ (116 )   $ (248 )   $ 4,775  
 
(1)
Includes the net increase (decrease) in commercial paper, non-cash reclassification of long-term debt to current maturities of long-term debt, accretion of discounts and (amortization) of premiums.

On April 6, 2009, we funded the maturity of a $500 million floating rate senior note through dividends received during the second quarter of 2009 from LNL and LNBAR and internal borrowings.  Borrowings that are scheduled to mature within two years include a $250 million floating rate senior note due on March 12, 2010, and a $250 million 6.2% fixed rate senior note due on December 15, 2011.  The specific resources or combination of resources that we will use to meet the maturities will depend upon, among other things, the financial market conditions present at the time of maturity.  As of June 30, 2009, the holding company had $495 million in cash and cash equivalents.

In March of 2009, we repurchased $87 million of our capital securities and recognized a gain of $64 million, pre-tax.  See Note 10 for additional information on the gain recognized on the early extinguishment of debt.


 
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Details underlying our credit facilities with a group of domestic and foreign banks (in millions) were as follows:

     
As of June 30, 2009
 
 
Expiration
 
Maximum
   
Borrowings
 
 
Date
 
Available
   
Outstanding
 
Revolving Credit Facilities
             
Credit facility with the FHLBI (1)
Not Applicable
  $ 378     $ 350  
Five-year revolving credit facility
March 2011
    1,750       -  
Five-year revolving credit facility
February 2011
    1,350       -  
Total
    $ 3,478     $ 350  
                   
Letters of credit issued
            $ 2,095  
 
(1)
Our borrowing capacity under this credit facility does not have an expiration date and continues while our investment in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis (“FHLBI”) common stock remains outstanding as long as LNL maintains a satisfactory level of creditworthiness and does not incur a material adverse change in its financial, business, regulatory or other areas that would materially affect its operations and viability.  Of the borrowings outstanding as of June 30, 2009, $250 million is classified within long-term debt and $100 million is classified within payables for collateral under securities loaned and derivatives on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.  The maturity dates of the borrowings are discussed below.

The LOCs support inter-company reinsurance transactions and specific treaties associated with our business sold through reinsurance.  LOCs are used primarily to satisfy the U.S. regulatory requirements of our domestic insurance companies for which reserve credit is provided by our affiliated offshore reinsurance company, as discussed above, and our domestic clients of the business sold through reinsurance.

Under the credit agreements, we must maintain a minimum consolidated net worth level.  In addition, the agreements contain covenants restricting our ability to incur liens, merge or consolidate with another entity where we are not the surviving entity and dispose of all or substantially all of our assets.  As of June 30, 2009, we were in compliance with all such covenants.  All of our credit agreements are unsecured.

If current debt ratings and claims-paying ratings were downgraded in the future, terms in our derivative agreements may be triggered, which could negatively impact overall liquidity.  For the majority of our counterparties, there is a termination event should long-term debt ratings of LNC drop below BBB-/Baa3.  As noted in “Introduction – Executive Summary – Current Market Conditions – Ratings” above, our long-term debt currently holds a rating of BBB/Baa2.  In addition, contractual selling agreements with intermediaries could be negatively impacted, which could have an adverse impact on overall sales of annuities, life insurance and investment products.  See “Part I – Item 1A. Risk Factors – A decrease in the capital and surplus of our insurance subsidiaries may result in a downgrade to our insurer financial strength ratings” and “Part I – Item 1A. Risk Factors – A downgrade in our financial strength or credit ratings could limit our ability to market products, increase the number or value of policies being surrendered and/or hurt our relationships with creditors” in our 2008 Form 10-K for more information.  See “Part I – Item 1. Business – Ratings” in our 2008 Form 10-K and “Introduction – Executive Summary – Current Market Conditions – Ratings” above for additional information on our current bond ratings.

In the third quarter of 2008, LNL made an investment of $19 million in the FHLBI, a AAA-rated entity.  We are allowed to borrow up to 20 times the amount of our common stock investment in FHLBI.  All borrowings from the FHLBI are required to be secured by certain investments owned by LNL.  On December 4, 2008, the LNC and LNL Boards of Directors approved an additional common stock investment of $56 million, which would increase our total borrowing capacity up to $1.5 billion.  As of June 30, 2009, based on our actual common stock investment, we had borrowing capacity of up to approximately $378 million from FHLBI.  We had a $250 million floating-rate term loan outstanding under the facility due June 20, 2017, which may be prepaid beginning June 20, 2010.  In June 2009, we also borrowed $100 million at a rate of 0.8% that is due June 3, 2010.

Management is monitoring the covenants associated with LNC’s capital securities.  If we fail to meet capital adequacy or net income and shareholders’ equity levels (also referred to as “trigger events”), terms in the agreements may be triggered, which would require us to make interest payments in accordance with an alternative coupon satisfaction mechanism (“ACSM”).


 
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As a result of our consolidated net loss of $579 million for the three months ended March 31, 2009, and our consolidated net loss of $161 million for the three months ended June 30, 2009, we had a trailing four quarter consolidated net loss of $811 million and $1.1 billion, respectively.  Accordingly, we have triggered the net income test looking forward to the quarters ending September 30, 2009, and December 31, 2009.  Also, looking forward to the quarter ending September 30, 2009, we have triggered one of the two shareholders’ equity tests as our adjusted shareholders’ equity as of March 31, 2009, as compared to the benchmark quarter (March 31, 2007) has declined by 10% or more.  If our adjusted shareholders’ equity as of September 30, 2009, decreases by $455 million or more, then we would also trigger the second shareholders’ equity test, which would trigger the ACSM for at least our interest payments due on November 17, 2009, and January 20, 2010, of approximately $33 million.  As a result of our efforts to raise capital in the form of equity during the second quarter of 2009, we did not trigger one of the two shareholders’ equity tests looking forward to the quarter ending December 31, 2009, as our adjusted shareholders’ equity as of June 30, 2009, as compared to the benchmark quarter (June 30, 2007) did not decline by 10% or more.

The ACSM would require us to use commercially reasonable efforts to pay interest in full on the capital securities with the net proceeds from sales of our common stock and warrants on our common stock with an exercise price greater than the market price.  We would have to utilize the ACSM until the trigger events above no longer existed.  If we were required to utilize the ACSM and were successful in selling sufficient common shares or warrants to satisfy the interest payment, we would dilute the current holders of our common stock.  Furthermore, while a trigger event is occurring and if we do not pay accrued interest in full, we may not, among other things, pay dividends on or repurchase our capital stock.  We have designated the proceeds from our June 2009 common stock offering as being available to satisfy the ACSM; therefore, the proceeds can be used for such purpose for 180 days after June 22, 2009.

For more information, see “Part I – Item 1A. Risk Factors – We will be required to pay interest on our capital securities with proceeds from the issuance of qualifying securities if we fail to achieve capital adequacy or net income and shareholders’ equity levels” and Note 13 in our 2008 Form 10-K.

Alternative Sources of Liquidity

In order to manage our capital more efficiently, we have an inter-company cash management program where certain subsidiaries can lend to or borrow from the holding company to meet short-term borrowing needs.  The cash management program is essentially a series of demand loans, which are permitted under applicable insurance laws, among LNC and its affiliates that reduces overall borrowing costs by allowing LNC and its subsidiaries to access internal resources instead of incurring third-party transaction costs.  For our Indiana-domiciled insurance subsidiaries, the borrowing and lending limit is currently the lesser of 3% of the insurance company’s admitted assets and 25% of its surplus, in both cases, as of its most recent year end.

The holding company had an average borrowing balance of $279 million from the cash management program during the second quarter of 2009.  The holding company had a maximum and minimum amount of financing that is used from the cash management program during this period of $494 million and $0, respectively.  There was no balance as of June 30, 2009.  In addition, the holding company had an outstanding receivable of $337 million from certain subsidiaries resulting from funds borrowed by the subsidiaries in excess of amounts placed by those subsidiaries in the inter-company cash management account as of June 30, 2009.  Any increase (decrease) in either of these holding company cash management program payable balances results in an immediate and equal increase (decrease) to holding company cash and cash equivalents.

Our insurance subsidiaries, by virtue of their general account fixed income investment holdings, can access liquidity through securities lending programs and repurchase agreements.  As of June 30, 2009, our insurance subsidiaries had securities with a carrying value of $437 million out on loan under the securities lending program and $346 million carrying value subject to reverse-repurchase agreements.  The cash received in our securities lending program is typically invested in cash equivalents, short-term investments or fixed maturity securities.

LNC has a $1.0 billion commercial paper program that is rated A-2, P-2 and F2.  The commercial paper program is backed by a bank line of credit.  During the second quarter of 2009, LNC had an average of $399 million in commercial paper outstanding with a maximum amount of $704 million outstanding at any time.  LNC had $203 million of commercial paper outstanding as of June 30, 2009.

For factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth in this section, see “Part I – Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2008 Form 10-K, as updated in “Part II – Item 1A. Risk Factors” below, and “Forward-Looking Statements – Cautionary Language” in this report.

Divestitures

For a discussion of our divestitures, see Note 3.

 
147

 

Uses of Capital

Our principal uses of cash are to pay policy claims and benefits, operating expenses, commissions and taxes, to purchase new investments, to purchase reinsurance, to fund policy surrenders and withdrawals, to pay dividends to our stockholders and to repurchase our stock and debt securities.

Return of Capital to Stockholders
 
One of the holding company’s primary goals is to provide a return to our stockholders.  Through dividends and stock repurchases, we have an established record of providing significant cash returns to our stockholders.  In determining dividends, the Board takes into consideration items such as current and expected earnings, capital needs, rating agency considerations and requirements for financial flexibility.  Details underlying this activity (in millions, except per share data) were as follows:

   
For the Three
         
For the Six
         
For the
 
   
Months Ended
         
Months Ended
         
Year Ended
 
   
June 30,
         
June 30,
         
December 31,
 
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2009
   
2008
   
Change
   
2008
 
Dividends to stockholders
  $ 3     $ 107       -97 %   $ 56     $ 217       -74 %   $ 429  
Repurchase of common stock
    -       140       -100 %     -       426       -100 %     476  
Total cash returned to
                                                       
stockholders
  $ 3     $ 247       -99 %   $ 56     $ 643       -91 %   $ 905  
Number of shares issued
    46.000       -    
NM
      46.000       -    
NM
      -  
Number of shares repurchased
    -       2.631       -100 %     -       8.081       -100 %     9.091  
Average price per share
  $ 14.34     $ 53.13       -73 %   $ 14.34     $ 52.66       -73 %   $ 52.31  
 
Note:  Average price per share is calculated using whole dollars instead of dollars rounded to millions.

On February 24, 2009, the Board of Directors approved a reduction of the dividend on our common stock from $0.21 to $0.01 per share, which, along with a prior reduction, is expected to add approximately $100 million to capital each quarter.  Additionally, we have suspended stock repurchase activity.  We expect that both of these changes will favorably impact our capital position prospectively in light of the recent market volatility and extraordinary events and developments affecting financial markets.

Significant Trends in Sources and Uses of Cash Flow
 
As stated above, LNC’s cash flow, as a holding company, is largely dependent upon the dividend capacity of its insurance company subsidiaries as well as their ability to advance funds to it through inter-company borrowing arrangements, which may be impacted by factors influencing the insurance subsidiaries’ RBC and statutory earnings performance.  As a result of the raising of $2.1 billion as part of our capital plan, discussed in “Financing Activities” above, we currently expect to be able to meet the holding company’s ongoing cash needs and to have sufficient capital to offer downside protection in the event that the capital and credit markets experience another period of extreme volatility and disruption.  These actions compliment the previously mentioned dividend reductions, suspension of share repurchases and enterprise-wide restructuring program that is expected to generate $250 million, pre-tax, in annual savings to further strengthen our capital and liquidity positions.  In addition, we are exploring our options with regard to protecting and building capital at the insurance company subsidiaries, which may include, depending on then current market conditions and other factors, potential securitizations of reserves, reinsurance transactions and sales of corporate assets.  Note, a continuation of or an acceleration of poor capital market conditions, which reduces our insurance subsidiaries’ statutory surplus and RBC, may require them to retain more capital and may pressure our subsidiaries’ dividends to the holding company, which may lead us to take steps to preserve or raise additional capital.  For factors that could affect our expectations for liquidity and capital, see “Part I – Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2008 Form 10-K, as updated in “Part II – Item 1A. Risk Factors” below.


 
148

 

OTHER MATTERS

Other Factors Affecting Our Business
 
In general, our businesses are subject to a changing social, economic, legal, legislative and regulatory environment.  Some of the changes include initiatives to require more reserves to be carried by our insurance subsidiaries.  Although the eventual effect on us of the changing environment in which we operate remains uncertain, these factors and others could have a material effect on our results of operations, liquidity and capital resources.  For factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth in this section, see “Part I – Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2008 Form 10-K, as updated in “Part II – Item 1A. Risk Factors” below, and “Forward-Looking Statements – Cautionary Language” in this report.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
See Note 2 for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements that have been implemented during the periods presented or that have been issued and are to be implemented in the future.

Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We analyze and manage the risks arising from market exposures of financial instruments, as well as other risks, in an integrated asset-liability management process that takes diversification into account.  By aggregating the potential effect of market and other risks on the entire enterprise, we estimate, review and in some cases manage the risk to our earnings and shareholder value.  We have exposures to several market risks including interest rate, foreign currency exchange, equity market, default, basis and credit.  The exposure of financial instruments to market risks, and the related risk management process, are most important to our Retirement Solutions and Insurance Solutions businesses, where most of the invested assets support accumulation and investment-oriented insurance products.  As an important element of our integrated asset-liability management process, we use derivatives to minimize the effects of changes in interest levels, the shape of the yield curve, currency movements and volatility.  In this context, derivatives are designated as a hedge and serve to minimize interest rate risk by mitigating the effect of significant increases in interest rates on our earnings.  Additional market exposures exist in our other general account insurance products and in our debt structure and derivatives positions.  Our primary sources of market risk are:  substantial, relatively rapid and sustained increases or decreases in interest rates; fluctuations in currency exchange rates; or a sharp drop in equity market values.  These market risks are discussed in detail in the following pages and should be read in conjunction with, our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements (“Notes”) presented in “Item 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” as well as “Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”).

Derivatives

We have entered into derivative transactions to hedge our exposure to rapid changes in interest rates.  The derivative programs are used to help us achieve somewhat stable margins while providing competitive crediting rates to contract holders during periods when interest rates are changing.  Such derivatives include interest rate swaps, interest rate futures, interest rate caps and treasury locks.  See Note 6 for additional information on our derivatives used to hedge our exposure to changes in interest rates.

In addition to continuing existing programs, we may use derivative instruments in other strategies to limit risk and enhance returns, particularly in the management of investment spread businesses.  We have established policies, guidelines and internal control procedures for the use of derivatives as tools to enhance management of the overall portfolio of risks assumed in our operations.  Annually, our Board of Directors reviews our derivatives policy.


 
149

 

Impact of Equity Market Sensitivity
 
Due to the use of our reversion to the mean (“RTM”) process and our hedging strategies as described in “MD&A – Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” in Item 2 above and in Item 7 of our 2008 Form 10-K, we expect that, in general, short-term fluctuations in the equity markets should not have a significant impact on our quarterly earnings from unlocking of assumptions for DAC, VOBA, DSI and DFEL, as we do not unlock our long-term equity market assumptions based upon short-term fluctuations in the equity markets.  However, there is an impact to earnings from the effects of equity market movements on account values and assets under management and the related asset-based fees we earn on those assets net of related expenses we incur based upon the level of assets.  The following table presents our estimate of the impact on income from operations (in millions), from the change in asset-based fees and related expenses, if the level of the S&P 500 were to drop to 800 from June 30, 2009, through the next twelve months or dropped to 700 immediately after June 30, 2009, and remain at that level through the next twelve months, excluding any impact related to sales, prospective unlocking, persistency, hedge program performance or customer behavior caused by the equity market change:

   
S&P 500
   
S&P 500
 
   
at 700 (2)
   
at 800 (2)
 
Segment
           
Retirement Solutions - Annuities (1)
  $ (100 )   $ (50 )
Retirement Solutions - Defined Contribution (1)
    (10 )     (5 )
Investment Management
    (20 )     (10 )
 
(1)
If the level of the S&P 500 index dropped to 700 immediately after June 30, 2009, and remained at that level in subsequent periods we project that we would have a RTM prospective unlocking of approximately $260 million to $320 million, after-tax, for Retirement Solutions early in 2011.  If the level of the S&P 500 index remained at the June 30, 2009, level of approximately 800 in subsequent periods we project that we would have a RTM prospective unlocking of approximately $200 million to $240 million, after-tax, for Retirement Solutions early in 2012.
(2)
The baseline for these impacts assumes 9% growth annually beginning with the second quarter of 2009 earnings, when excluding the impacts of retrospective unlocking and federal tax return true-ups.  The baseline is then compared to scenarios of S&P 500 at 700 and 800, which assume the index stays at those levels for the next twelve months and grows at 9% annually thereafter.  The difference between the baseline and S&P 500 at 700 and 800 scenarios is presented in the table.

The impact on earnings summarized above is an expected effect for the next twelve months.  The effect of quarterly equity market changes upon fee revenues and asset-based expenses will not be fully recognized in the current quarter because fee revenues are earned and related expenses are incurred based upon daily variable account values.  The difference between the current period average daily variable account values compared to the end of period variable account values impacts fee revenues in subsequent periods.  Additionally, the impact on earnings may not necessarily be symmetrical with comparable increases in the equity markets.  This discussion concerning the estimated effects of ongoing equity market volatility on the fees we earn from account values and assets under management is intended to be illustrative.  Actual effects may vary depending on a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control, such as changing customer behaviors that might result in changes in the mix of our business between variable and fixed annuity contracts, switching among investment alternatives available within variable products, changes in sales production levels or changes in policy persistency.  For purposes of this guidance, the change in account values is assumed to correlate with the change in the relevant index.

Credit-Related Derivatives

We use credit-related derivatives to minimize our exposure to credit-related events and we also sell credit default swaps to offer credit protection to our contract holders.  For additional information see Note 6.


 
150

 

Credit Risk

Through the use of derivative instruments, we are exposed to both credit risk (our counterparty fails to make payment) and market risk (the value of the instrument falls).  When the fair value of a derivative contract is positive, this generally indicates that the counterparty owes us and, therefore, creates a credit risk for us equal to the extent of the fair value gain in the derivative.  When the fair value of a derivative contract is negative, this generally indicates we owe the counterparty and therefore we have no credit risk, but have been affected by market risk.  We minimize the credit risk in derivative instruments by entering into transactions with high quality counterparties with minimum credit ratings that are reviewed regularly by us, by limiting the amount of credit exposure to any one counterparty, and by requiring certain counterparties to post collateral if our credit risk exceeds certain limits.  We also maintain a policy of requiring all derivative contracts to be governed by an International Swaps and Derivatives Association (“ISDA”) Master Agreement.  We do not believe that the credit or market risks associated with derivative instruments are material to any insurance subsidiary or to us.

We have derivative positions with counterparties.  Assuming zero recovery value, our exposure is the positive market value of the derivative positions with a counterparty, less collateral, that would be lost if the counterparty were to default.  As of June 30, 2009, and December 31, 2008, our counterparty risk exposure, net of collateral, was $325 million and $562 million, respectively.  Of this exposure, $99 million and $145 million, respectively was related to our program to hedge our variable annuity guaranteed benefits.  As of June 30, 2009, we have exposure to 13 counterparties, with a maximum exposure of $155 million, net of collateral, to a single counterparty.  The credit risk associated with such agreements is minimized by purchasing such agreements from financial institutions with long-standing, superior performance records.  For the majority of LNC counterparties, there is a termination event should long-term debt ratings of LNC rating drop below BBB-/Baa3.  Additionally, we maintain a policy of requiring all derivative contracts to be governed by an ISDA Master Agreement.

As of June 30, 2009, and December 31, 2008, our fair value of counterparty exposure (in millions) was as follows:

     
As of
   
As of
     
June 30,
   
December 31,
     
2009
   
2008
Rating
           
AAA
    $ -     $ 20
AA
      247       333
A       75       209
BBB
      3       -
Total
    $ 325     $ 562
 
Item 4.  Controls and Procedures

Conclusions Regarding Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures, which are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. As of the end of the period covered by this report, we, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act).  Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective in timely alerting them to material information relating to us and our consolidated subsidiaries required to be disclosed in our periodic reports under the Exchange Act.

 
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Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2009, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
 
A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met.  Further, because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the company have been detected. Projections of any evaluation of controls effectiveness to future periods are subject to risks.  Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.  Legal Proceedings

Information regarding reportable legal proceedings is contained in Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements in “Part I – Item 1.”

Item 1A.  Risk Factors

The risk factor set forth below updates those set forth in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008.  You should carefully consider the risks described below before investing in our securities.  The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones facing our company.  Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business operations.  If any of these risks actually occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially affected.  In that case, the value of our securities could decline substantially.

Our participation in the TARP CPP subjects us to additional restrictions, oversight and costs, and has other potential consequences, that could materially affect our business, results and prospects.

On July 10, 2009, in connection with the TARP CPP, we issued and sold to the U.S. Treasury 950,000 shares of Series B preferred stock together with a related warrant to purchase up to 13,049,451 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $10.92 per share, in accordance with the terms of the TARP CPP, for an aggregate purchase price of $950 million.  Access to TARP CPP was an important component of our strategy to enhance our capital position and financial flexibility.  We believe that the amount of our participation in the TARP CPP offers us the ability to exit the program, if necessary, to manage the potential material consequences to our businesses from the potential restrictions, oversight and costs of participation, which include the following:
 
·
Our acceptance of the TARP CPP funds could cause us to be perceived as having greater capital needs and weaker overall financial prospects than those of our competitors that have stated that they are not participating in the TARP CPP, which could adversely affect our competitive position and results, including new product sales and policy retention rates, and depress trading prices for our common stock;
·
Receipt of the TARP CPP funds subjects us to restrictions, oversight and costs that may have an adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations and the price of our common stock.  For example, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 and recently promulgated regulations thereunder contain significant limitations on the amount and form of bonus, retention and other incentive compensation that participants in the TARP CPP may pay to executive officers and senior management.  These provisions may adversely affect our ability to attract and retain executive officers and other key personnel.  Other regulatory initiatives applicable to participants in federal funding programs may also be forthcoming as the U.S. government continues to address dislocations in the financial markets.  Compliance with such current and potential regulation and scrutiny may significantly increase our costs, impede the efficiency of our internal business processes, require us to increase our regulatory capital and limit our ability to pursue business opportunities in an efficient manner;
·
Future federal statutes may adversely affect the terms of the TARP CPP that are applicable to us and the Treasury Department may amend the terms of our agreement with them unilaterally if required by future statutes, including in a manner materially adverse to us;
 
 
 
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·
Our participation in the TARP CPP imposes additional restrictions on our ability to increase our common stock dividend.  In particular, we would need to obtain the U.S. Treasury’s consent for any increase in our current quarterly dividend of $0.01 per share of our common stock, as well as any stock repurchase, until the third anniversary of such investment unless, prior to such third anniversary, we redeem all of the shares of Series B preferred stock issued to the U.S. Treasury or the U.S. Treasury transfers such preferred stock to third parties.  We are also unable to repurchase or redeem shares of our common stock or any series of preferred stock outstanding unless all accrued and unpaid dividends for all past dividend periods on the Series B preferred stock issued to the U.S. Treasury are fully paid; and
·
If we do not repurchase the warrant from the U.S. Treasury when we repay the investment, the U.S. Treasury will liquidate the warrant, which will dilute the ownership interest of our existing holders of common stock.

Item 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

 (c)
 The following table summarizes purchases of equity securities by the issuer during the quarter ended June 30, 2009 (dollars in millions, except per share data):
 
   
(a) Total
         
(c) Total Number
   
(d) Approximate Dollar
   
Number
   
(b) Average
   
of Shares (or Units)
   
Value of Shares (or
 
   
of Shares
   
Price Paid
   
Purchased as Part of
   
Units) that May Yet Be
   
(or Units)
   
per Share
   
Publicly Announced
   
Purchased Under the
 
Period
 
Purchased (1)
   
(or Unit)
   
Plans or Programs (2)
   
Plans or Programs (3)
 
4/1/09 - 4/30/09
    12,488     $ 7.32       -     $ 1,204  
                                 
5/1/09 - 5/31/09
    16,093       13.87       -       1,204  
                                 
6/1/09 - 6/30/09
                -       1,204  
 
(1)
Of the total number of shares purchased, no shares were received in connection with the exercise of stock options and related taxes and 28,581 shares were withheld for taxes on the vesting of restricted stock.  For the quarter ended June 30, 2009, there were no shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs.
(2)
On February 23, 2007, our Board approved a $2 billion increase to our securities repurchase authorization, bringing the total authorization at that time to $2.6 billion.  As of June 30, 2009, our security repurchase authorization was $1.2 billion.  The security repurchase authorization does not have an expiration date.  The amount and timing of share repurchase depends on key capital ratios, rating agency expectations, the generation of free cash flow and an evaluation of the costs and benefits associated with alternative uses of capital.  The shares repurchased in connection with the awards described in Note 15 are not included in our security repurchase.
(3)
As of the last day of the applicable month.

 
153

 
 
Item 4.  Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
 
(a)
Our 2009 annual meeting of shareholders was held on May 14, 2009.

(b)
Proxies were solicited pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and there was no solicitation in opposition to the management nominees.  Four nominees were elected to serve as directors for a three-year term expiring at the 2012 Annual Meeting or until their successors are duly elected and qualified.

(c)
The matters voted upon at the meeting and the votes cast with respect to such matters are as follows:
 
Item 1 – Election of Directors
 
         
Nominee
  
Votes Cast For
  
Votes Withheld
George W. Henderson, III
  
217,415,457
  
12,535,638
Eric G. Johnson
  
217,443,414
  
12,507,681
M. Leanne Lachman
  
216,128,335
  
13,822,760
Isaiah Tidwell
  
217,313,715
  
12,637,380
 
Item 2 – To ratify the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP, as our independent registered public accounting firm for 2009.
 
             
For
  
Against
  
Abstain
  
Broker Non-Votes
221,922,564
  
7,345,127
  
683,402
  
—  
 
 
Item 3 – Approve the Lincoln National Corporation 2009 Amended and Restated Incentive Compensation Plan.
 
             
For
  
Against
  
Abstain
  
Broker Non-Votes
146,334,108
  
50,006,640
  
1,483,764
  
32,126,581
 
Item 4 – The shareholder proposal requesting that the Board of directors initiate the appropriate process to amend Lincoln’s restated articles of incorporation to provide for the election of director nominees by a majority of votes cast.
 
             
For
  
Against
  
Abstain
  
Broker Non-Votes
150,377,128
  
45,525,811
  
1,921,573
  
32,126,581

Item 6.  Exhibits

The Exhibits included in this report are listed in the Exhibit Index beginning on page E-1, which is incorporated herein by reference.

 
154

 

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

     
 
LINCOLN NATIONAL CORPORATION
     
 
By:
/s/    FREDERICK J. CRAWFORD        
   
Frederick J. Crawford
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
     
 
By:
/s/    DOUGLAS N. MILLER        
   
Douglas N. Miller
Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
Date:   August 7, 2009
   

 


 
155

 

LINCOLN NATIONAL CORPORATION
Exhibit Index for the Report on Form 10-Q
For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2009


3.1
LNC Restated Articles of Incorporation are incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to LNC’s Form 8-K (File No. 1-6028) filed with the SEC on May 10, 2007.
3.2
Articles of Amendment dated July 9, 2009 to LNC Restated Articles of Incorporation are incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to LNC’s Form 8-K (File No. 1-6028) filed with the SEC on July 10, 2009.
4.1
Form of 8.75% Senior Notes due July 1, 2019 incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to LNC’s Form 8-K (File No. 1-6028) filed with the SEC on June 22, 2009.
10.1
Lincoln National Corporation 2009 Amended and Restated Incentive Compensation Plan is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4 to LNC’s Proxy Statement (File No. 1-6028) filed with the SEC on April 9, 2009.
10.2
Delaware Investments U.S., Inc. 2009 Incentive Compensation Plan is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to LNC’s Form 8-K (File No. 1-6028) filed with the SEC on May 20, 2009.
12.1
Historical Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges.
31.1
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101
Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following Interactive Data Files formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets for the quarter ended June 30, 2009 and period ended December 31, 2008, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) for the three months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008 and the six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008; and (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow for the six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008.  Users of this data are advised pursuant to Rule 401 of Regulation S-T that the information contained in the XBRL documents is unaudited and these are not the official publicly filed financial statements of Lincoln National Corporation.

In accordance with Rule 402 of Regulation S-T, the XBRL related information in this report shall not be deemed filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, and shall not be incorporated by reference into any registration statement or other document filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.
 
E-1