Document


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
  
FORM 10-Q
 
ý      Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended July 31, 2017
 
OR
 
o         Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
For the transition period from             to            
 
Commission File Number 001-35588
 
Liberty Tax, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
 
27-3561876
(State of incorporation)
 
(IRS employer identification no.)
 
1716 Corporate Landing Parkway
Virginia Beach, Virginia 23454
(Address of principal executive offices)
 (757) 493-8855
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ý No o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes ý No o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
 
Large accelerated filer
o

Accelerated filer
x

Non-accelerated filer
 o
Smaller reporting company
o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
Emerging growth company
o
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o  No ý
 The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Class A common stock as of September 1, 2017 was 12,683,459 shares.
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant's Class B common stock as of September 1, 2017 was 200,000 shares.




LIBERTY TAX, INC.
 
Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period Ended July 31, 2017
 
Table of Contents
 
 
 
Page
 
 
Number
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of July 31, 2017, April 30, 2016 and July 31, 2016
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended July 31, 2017 and 2016
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended July 31, 2017 and 2016
 
 
 
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended July 31, 2017 and 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 




PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
LIBERTY TAX, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets
July 31, 2017, April 30, 2017 and July 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share data)
 
July 31, 2017
 
April 30, 2017
 
July 31, 2016
Assets
(unaudited)
 
 

 
(unaudited)
Current assets:
 

 
 

 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
6,254

 
$
16,427

 
$
4,882

Receivables:
 
 
 

 
 

Accounts receivable
43,225

 
54,723

 
38,561

Notes receivable - current
33,493

 
27,845

 
34,474

Interest receivable, net of uncollectible amounts
2,554

 
1,967

 
2,826

Allowance for doubtful accounts - current
(8,745
)
 
(10,052
)
 
(6,284
)
Total current receivables, net
70,527

 
74,483

 
69,577

Assets held for sale
14,678

 
11,989

 
16,623

Income taxes receivable
47

 
55

 
7,093

Deferred income tax asset

 
6,956

 
2,847

Other current assets
4,717

 
5,757

 
2,796

Total current assets
96,223

 
115,667

 
103,818

Property, equipment, and software, net of accumulated depreciation of $27,172, $25,972 and $23,826, respectively
39,744

 
39,789

 
41,013

Notes receivable, non-current
18,202

 
18,213

 
24,481

  Allowance for doubtful accounts, non-current
(1,880
)
 
(1,968
)
 
(2,339
)
Total notes receivables, non-current
16,322

 
16,245

 
22,142

Deferred tax asset - non-current
173

 

 

Goodwill
7,620

 
8,576

 
4,183

Other intangible assets, net
21,902

 
21,224

 
15,884

Other assets
2,814

 
2,767

 
3,246

Total assets
$
184,798

 
$
204,268

 
$
190,286

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
 

 
 

 
 
Current liabilities:
 

 
 

 
 
Current installments of long-term obligations
$
5,202

 
$
7,738

 
$
6,754

Accounts payable and accrued expenses
13,958

 
12,953

 
9,590

Due to Area Developers (ADs)
9,168

 
23,143

 
10,449

Income taxes payable
208

 
6,442

 

Deferred revenue - current
2,854

 
2,892

 
3,687

Total current liabilities
31,390

 
53,168

 
30,480

Long-term obligations, excluding current installments, net
17,816

 
18,461

 
18,298

Revolving credit facility
20,611

 

 
27,984

Deferred revenue and other - non-current
5,466

 
5,817

 
6,555

Deferred income tax liability
3,585

 
10,367

 
6,259

Total liabilities
78,868

 
87,813

 
89,576

Stockholders’ equity:
 

 
 
 
 

Special voting preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, 10 shares authorized, issued and outstanding

 

 

Class A common stock, $0.01 par value per share, 21,200,000 shares authorized, 12,682,550, 12,682,550 and 12,594,756 shares issued and outstanding, respectively
127

 
127

 
126

Class B common stock, $0.01 par value per share, 1,000,000 shares authorized, 200,000, 200,000 and 300,000 shares issued and outstanding, respectively
2

 
2

 
3

Exchangeable shares, $0.01 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding
10

 
10

 
10

Additional paid-in capital
8,925

 
8,371

 
7,897

Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes
(1,065
)
 
(2,084
)
 
(1,580
)
Retained earnings
97,931

 
110,029

 
94,254

Total stockholders’ equity
105,930

 
116,455

 
100,710

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
184,798

 
$
204,268

 
$
190,286


See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

1



LIBERTY TAX, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Three Months Ended July 31, 2017 and 2016 (unaudited)
(In thousands, except share count and per share data)
 
 
 
Three Months Ended July 31,
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
Revenue:
 
 

 
 

 
Franchise fees
 
$
71

 
$
240

 
Area Developer fees
 
1,068

 
970

 
Royalties and advertising fees
 
1,689

 
1,455

 
Financial products
 
582

 
536

 
Interest income
 
2,297

 
2,658

 
Assisted tax preparation fees, net of discounts
 
1,639

 
986

 
Other revenues
 
842

 
304

 
Total revenues
 
8,188

 
7,149

 
Operating expenses:
 
 

 
 

 
Employee compensation and benefits
 
9,991

 
9,682

 
Other costs and expenses
 
9,202

 
8,279

 
Area Developer expense
 
372

 
460

 
Advertising expense
 
2,376

 
1,918

 
Depreciation, amortization, and impairment charges
 
2,196

 
2,012

 
Total operating expenses
 
24,137

 
22,351

 
Loss from operations
 
(15,949
)
 
(15,202
)
 
Other income (expense):
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency transaction gain (loss)
 
110

 
(8
)
 
Gain on sale of available-for-sale securities
 

 
50

 
Interest expense
 
(281
)
 
(344
)
 
Loss before income taxes
 
(16,120
)
 
(15,504
)
 
Income tax benefit
 
(6,362
)
 
(6,074
)
 
Net loss
 
(9,758
)
 
(9,430
)
 
Net loss per share attributable to Class A and Class B common stock:
 
 
 
 
 
Basic and diluted
 
$
(0.76
)
 
$
(0.73
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average shares outstanding basic and diluted
 
12,882,550

 
12,894,740

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividends declared per share of common stock and common stock equivalents
 
$
0.16

 
$
0.16

 

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

2



LIBERTY TAX, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss
Three Months Ended July 31, 2017 and 2016 (unaudited)
(In thousands)
 
 
 
Three Months Ended July 31,
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss
 
$
(9,758
)
 
$
(9,430
)
 
Unrealized loss on interest rate swap agreement, net of taxes of $- and $-, respectively
 
(15
)
 

 
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net of taxes of $- and $345, respectively
 

 
580

 
Reclassified gain on sale of available-for-sale securities included in income, net of taxes of $- and $20, respectively
 

 
(30
)
 
Foreign currency translation adjustment
 
1,034

 
(431
)
 
Comprehensive loss
 
$
(8,739
)
 
$
(9,311
)
 

 See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

3



LIBERTY TAX, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Three Months Ended July 31, 2017 and 2016 (unaudited)
(In thousands)
 
 
 
Three Months Ended July 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 

 
 

Net loss
 
$
(9,758
)
 
$
(9,430
)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
 
 

 
 

Provision for doubtful accounts
 
1,408

 
1,380

Depreciation, amortization, and impairment charges
 
2,196

 
2,012

Stock-based compensation expense
 
554

 
683

Gain on sale of available-for-sale securities
 

 
(50
)
Gain on bargain purchases and sales of Company-owned offices
 
(536
)
 
(28
)
Deferred tax expense
 
(34
)
 
578

Changes in accrued income taxes
 
(6,187
)
 
(10,997
)
Changes in other assets and liabilities
 
(2,167
)
 
(6,071
)
Net cash used in operating activities
 
(14,524
)
 
(21,923
)
Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 

 
 

Issuance of operating loans to franchisees and ADs
 
(11,275
)
 
(10,828
)
Payments received on operating loans to franchisees
 
1,545

 
1,096

Purchases of AD rights, Company-owned offices and acquired customer lists
 
(352
)
 
(1,802
)
Proceeds from sale of Company-owned offices and AD rights
 
76

 
46

Proceeds from sale of available-for-sale securities
 

 
5,049

Purchases of property, equipment and software
 
(1,110
)
 
(1,556
)
Net cash used in investing activities
 
(11,116
)
 
(7,995
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 
 
 

Dividends paid
 
(2,339
)
 
(2,223
)
Repayment of amounts due to former ADs and franchisees
 

 
(423
)
Repayment of long-term obligations
 
(3,283
)
 
(416
)
Borrowings under revolving credit facility
 
20,706

 
28,002

Repayments under revolving credit facility
 
(95
)
 
(18
)
Tax benefit of stock option exercises
 

 
60

Net cash provided by financing activities
 
14,989

 
24,982

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, net
 
478

 
(88
)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
 
(10,173
)
 
(5,024
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
 
16,427

 
9,906

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
 
$
6,254

 
$
4,882


  See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

4





LIBERTY TAX, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Three Months Ended July 31, 2017 and 2016 (unaudited)
(In thousands)
 
 
 
Three Months Ended July 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
 
 

 
 

Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest of $145 and $106, respectively
 
$
281

 
$
241

Cash paid for taxes, net of refunds
 
(137
)
 
4,286

Accrued capitalized software costs included in accounts payable
 
54

 
144

During the three months ended July 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company acquired certain assets from ADs, franchisees, and third parties as follows:
 
 
 
 
Fair value of assets purchased
 
$
3,664

 
$
8,622

Receivables applied, net of amounts written off, due ADs and related deferred revenue
 
(2,714
)
 
(4,146
)
Bargain purchase gains
 
(322
)
 
(80
)
Long-term obligations and accounts payable issued
 
(276
)
 
(2,594
)
Cash paid to ADs, franchisees and third parties
 
$
352

 
$
1,802

During the three months ended July 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company sold certain assets to ADs and franchisees as follows:
 
 

 
 

Book value of assets sold
 
$
24

 
$
1,191

Gain on sale - revenue deferred
 
18

 
12

Gain (loss) on sale - gain (loss) recognized
 
37

 
(12
)
Notes received
 
(3
)
 
(1,145
)
Long-term obligations and accounts payable assumed
 

 

Cash received from ADs and franchisees
 
$
76

 
$
46


See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

5



LIBERTY TAX, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
 
July 31, 2017 and 2016 (Unaudited)
 
(1) Organization and Significant Accounting Policies
 
Description of Business
Liberty Tax, Inc. (the "Company"), a Delaware corporation, is a holding company engaged through its subsidiaries as a franchisor and, to a lesser degree, an operator of a system of income tax preparation offices located in the United States and Canada. The Company's principal operations are conducted through JTH Tax, Inc. (d/b/a Liberty Tax Service), the Company's largest subsidiary, and SiempreTax, LLC. Through this system of income tax preparation offices, the Company also facilitates refund-based tax settlement financial products, such as refund transfer products in the United States ("U.S.") and personal income tax refund discounting in Canada. The Company also offers online tax preparation services. The majority of offices are operated under the Liberty Tax Service and SiempreTax+ brands.

The Company provides a substantial amount of lending to its franchisees and Area Developers ("ADs"). The Company allows franchisees and ADs to defer a portion of the franchise fee and AD fee, which are paid over time. The Company also offers its franchisees working capital loans to fund their operations between tax seasons.

The Company’s operating revenues are seasonal in nature, with peak revenues occurring in the months of January through April.  Therefore, results for interim periods are not indicative of results to be expected for the full year.

Unless the context requires otherwise, the terms "Liberty Tax," "Liberty Tax Service," "we," "the Company," "us," and "our" refer to Liberty Tax, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
 
Basis of Presentation
 The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Liberty Tax, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Assets and liabilities of the Company's Canadian operations have been translated into U.S. dollars using the exchange rate in effect at the end of the period. Revenues and expenses have been translated using the average exchange rates in effect each month of the period. Foreign exchange transaction gains and losses are recognized when incurred. The Company consolidates any entities in which it has a controlling interest, the usual condition of which is ownership of a majority voting interest. The Company also considers for consolidation an entity in which the Company has certain interests where a controlling financial interest may be achieved through arrangements that do not involve voting interests. Such an entity, known as a variable interest entity ("VIE"), is required to be consolidated by its primary beneficiary. The Company does not possess any ownership interests in franchisee entities; however, the Company may provide financial support to franchisee entities. Because the Company's franchise arrangements provide franchisee entities the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact their economic performance, the Company does not consider itself the primary beneficiary of any such entity that might be a VIE. Based on the results of management's analysis of potential VIEs, the Company has not consolidated any franchisee entities. The Company's maximum exposure to loss resulting from involvement with potential VIEs is attributable to accounts and notes receivables and future lease payments due from franchisees. When the Company does not have a controlling interest in an entity but exerts significant influence over the entity, the Company applies the equity method of accounting. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
 
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") for interim financial information.  The condensed consolidated financial statements, including these notes, are unaudited and exclude some of the disclosures required only in annual financial statements.  Consolidated balance sheet data as of April 30, 2017 was derived from the Company’s April 30, 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on July 7, 2017.
 
In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of such financial statements in accordance with GAAP have been recorded.  These adjustments consisted only of normal recurring items.  The accompanying consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s financial statements and notes thereto included in its April 30, 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on July 7, 2017.



6



Office Count
As a seasonal business, the Company works throughout the off season to open new offices, and at the same time, some of our franchisees will choose not to reopen for the next season. Some of these decisions are not made until January each year and the Company will report office count information for the quarter ended January 31, 2018 once all offices have been opened.
Use of Estimates
Management has made a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period, to prepare these condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes in conformity with GAAP. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Accounting Pronouncements
On May 1, 2017, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-09, "Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718) Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting." This update provides for simplification of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences and classification on the statement of cash flows. Under the update, the excess tax benefits and deficiencies that result from the difference between the deduction for tax purposes and the compensation cost recognized for financial reporting purposes should be recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the reporting period in which they occur. Previously, the excess tax benefits were recognized in additional paid-in capital and tax deficiencies were recognized either as an offset to accumulated excess tax benefits, if any, or in the statement of operations. This amendment has been adopted by the Company on a prospective basis. The update also provides that excess tax benefits should be classified along with other income tax cash flows as an operating activity on the statement of cash flows. Prior to the update, excess tax benefits were separated from other income tax cash flows and classified as a financing activity. This amendment has been adopted by the Company on a prospective transition method basis. Additionally, cash paid by an employer when directly withholding shares for tax-withholding purposes should be classified as a financing activity on the statement of cash flows. Previously, no guidance was provided for cash flow classification of cash paid for tax-withholding purposes for shares withheld for tax purposes. This amendment has been adopted by the Company on a retrospective basis. There were no reclassifications of prior periods required as a result of the retrospective adoption of this amendment. Under the update, an entity can elect to either estimate the number of awards that are expected to vest or account for forfeitures as they occur. The Company has elected to account for forfeitures when they occur. The impact to retained earnings as a result of the adoption was immaterial. All amendments of the update have been adopted for all periods beginning on or after May 1, 2017.

On May 1, 2017, the Company adopted ASU 2015-17, "Income Taxes (Topic 740)," which requires entities with a classified balance sheet to present all deferred tax assets and liabilities as non-current. The update has been adopted prospectively to all deferred tax liabilities and assets and prior periods have not been retrospectively adjusted.

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers." This update will replace existing revenue recognition guidance in GAAP and requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The new standard is effective for the Company in fiscal year 2019, which begins on May 1, 2018. The standard may be applied retrospectively to each prior period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect recognized as of the date of adoption ("modified retrospective method"). The Company currently expects to apply the modified retrospective transition method upon adoption. The Company expects the adoption of the new guidance to change the timing of recognition of initial franchise fees and AD fees. Currently, franchise fees are generally recognized when our obligations to prepare the franchise for operation have been substantially completed and cash has been received and AD fees are recognized on the straight-line basis over the contract term not to exceed the amount of cash received. The new guidance will generally require these fees to be recognized over the term of the related franchise or AD agreements, which will impact the revenue recognized for franchise fees. The Company does not expect this new guidance to materially impact the recognition of royalty and advertising fees, financial products revenue or tax preparation fees. The Company is continuing to evaluate the impact the adoption of this new guidance will have on these and other revenue transactions, in addition to the impact on accounting policies and related disclosures.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases." This update will replace existing lease guidance in GAAP and will require lessees to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for all leases and disclose key information about leasing arrangements, such as information about variable lease payments and options to renew and terminate leases. When implemented, lessees and lessors will be required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. The update is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently finalizing its implementation plan

7



and evaluating the impact of the new pronouncement on its consolidated financial statements. The Company expects the adoption of this pronouncement to result in a material increase in the assets and liabilities on its consolidated balance sheets and to not have a material impact on its consolidated statement of operations.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230)", which clarifies how companies present and classify certain cash receipts and cash payments in the statement of cash flows. The update is intended to reduce the existing diversity in practice and is effective for the Company beginning with its first quarterly filing in fiscal year 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this newly issued standard to its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, "Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments", which changes how companies will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that aren't measured at fair value through net income. The standard replaces the "incurred loss" approach with an "expected loss" model for instruments measured at amortized cost (which generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowances for losses) and requires companies to record allowances for available-for-sale debt securities, rather than reduce the carrying amount. In addition, companies will have to disclose significantly more information, including information used to track credit quality by year of origination, for most financing receivables. The ASU should be applied as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the standard is effective. The ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for all entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods therein. The ASU is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2021. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this newly issued standard to its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, "Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business", which clarifies the definition of a business with the objection of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill and consolidation. The ASU is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this newly issued standard to its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment.” This new standard eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Instead, an entity should compare the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. The standard will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of our fiscal year 2021. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this newly issued standard to its consolidated financial statements.
 
Foreign Operations 
Canadian operations contributed $1.0 million and $0.9 million in revenues for the three months ended July 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
 
(2) Accounts and Notes Receivable
 
The Company provides financing to ADs and franchisees for the purchase of franchises, areas, Company-owned offices, and operating loans for working capital and equipment needs. The franchise-related notes generally are payable over five years and the operating loans generally are due within one year. Most notes bear interest at an annual rate of 12%

Most of the notes receivable are due from the Company's ADs and franchisees and are collateralized by the underlying franchise and, when the AD or franchise is an entity, are guaranteed by the owners of the respective entity. The debtors' ability to repay the notes is dependent upon both the performance of the tax preparation industry as a whole and the individual franchise or AD areas.

At July 31, 2017, the Company had unfunded lending commitments for working capital loans to franchisees and ADs of $18.4 million through the end of the current fiscal year.


8



Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
The adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts is assessed on a quarterly basis and adjusted as deemed necessary. Management believes the recorded allowance is adequate based upon its consideration of the estimated fair value of the franchises and AD areas collateralizing the receivables. Any adverse change in the tax preparation industry or the individual franchise or AD areas could affect the Company's estimate of the allowance.
Activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts for the three months ended July 31, 2017 and 2016 was as follows: 
 
 
Three Months Ended July 31,
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
 
(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
12,020

 
$
8,850

 
Provision for doubtful accounts
 
1,408

 
1,380

 
Write-offs
 
(2,950
)
 
(1,571
)
 
Foreign currency adjustment
 
147

 
(36
)
 
Balance at end of period
 
$
10,625

 
$
8,623

 


Management considers specific accounts and notes receivable to be impaired if the net amounts due exceed the fair value of the underlying franchise at the time of the annual valuation performed as of April 30 of each year, and estimates an allowance for doubtful accounts based on that excess. The Company performs its impairment analysis annually due to the seasonal nature of its operations. At the end of each fiscal quarter, the Company considers the activity during the period for accounts and notes receivable impaired at each prior fiscal year end and adjusts the allowance for doubtful accounts accordingly. While not specifically identifiable as of the balance sheet date, the Company's analysis of its past experience also indicates that a portion of other accounts and notes receivable may not be collectible. Net amounts due include contractually obligated accounts and notes receivable plus accrued interest, reduced by unrecognized revenue, the allowance for uncollected interest, amounts due ADs, and amounts owed to the franchisee by the Company. In establishing the fair value of the underlying franchise, management considers a variety of factors, including recent sales between franchisees, sales of Company-owned stores, net fees of open offices earned during the most recently completed tax season, and the number of unopened offices.

9



The allowance for doubtful accounts at July 31, 2017, April 30, 2016 and July 31, 2016, was allocated as follows:
 
 
July 31, 2017
 
April 30, 2017
 
July 31, 2016
 
 
(In thousands)
Impaired:
 
 

 
 
 
 

Notes and interest receivable, net of unrecognized revenue
 
$
12,397

 
$
14,646

 
$
11,040

Accounts receivable
 
10,146

 
11,396

 
6,425

Less amounts due to ADs and franchisees
 
(1,312
)
 
(1,834
)
 
(1,251
)
Amounts receivable less amounts due to ADs and franchisees
 
$
21,231

 
$
24,208

 
$
16,214

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for doubtful accounts for impaired notes and accounts receivable
 
$
7,973

 
$
9,542

 
$
6,240

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-impaired:
 
 

 
 
 
 

Notes and interest receivable, net of unrecognized revenue
 
$
41,852

 
$
33,379

 
$
50,741

Accounts receivable
 
33,079

 
43,327

 
32,136

Less amounts due to ADs and franchisees
 
(8,239
)
 
(23,119
)
 
(10,335
)
Amounts receivable less amounts due to ADs and franchisees
 
$
66,692

 
$
53,587

 
$
72,542

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for doubtful accounts for non-impaired notes and accounts receivable
 
$
2,652

 
$
2,478

 
$
2,383

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes and interest receivable, net of unrecognized revenue
 
$
54,249

 
$
48,025

 
$
61,781

Accounts receivable
 
43,225

 
54,723

 
38,561

Less amounts due to ADs and franchisees
 
(9,551
)
 
(24,953
)
 
(11,586
)
Amounts receivable less amounts due to ADs and franchisees
 
$
87,923

 
$
77,795

 
$
88,756

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total allowance for doubtful accounts
 
$
10,625

 
$
12,020

 
$
8,623


The Company’s average investment in impaired receivables during the three months ended July 31, 2017 and 2016 was $22.7 million and $17.4 million, respectively.
 
Analysis of Past Due Receivables
Accounts receivable are considered to be past due if unpaid 30 days after billing and notes receivable are considered past due if unpaid 90 days after the due date. If it is determined the likelihood of collecting substantially all of the note and accrued interest is not probable the notes are put on non-accrual status. Accounts receivables unpaid as of April 30 each year often remain unpaid until the following tax season due to the seasonal nature of the Company's operations and franchisees' cash flows. Non-accrual notes that are paid current and expected to remain current are moved back into accrual status during the next annual review.
The breakdown of accounts and notes receivable past due at July 31, 2017 was as follows:
 
 
Past due
 
Current
 
Total
receivables
 
 
(In thousands)
Accounts receivable
 
$
40,373

 
$
2,852

 
$
43,225

Notes and interest receivable, net of unrecognized revenue (1)
 
11,345

 
42,904

 
54,249

Total accounts, notes and interest receivable
 
$
51,718

 
$
45,756

 
$
97,474

(1)    Interest receivable is shown net of an allowance for uncollectible interest of $2.4 million.

10



 
The Company’s investment in notes receivable on non-accrual status was $13.7 million, $7.0 million and $13.2 million at July 31, 2017, April 30, 2017, and July 31, 2016, respectively. Payments received on notes in non-accrual status are applied to the principal until the note is current then to interest income.

(3) Goodwill and Intangible Assets 
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the three months ended July 31, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:
 
 
July 31, 2017
 
July 31, 2016
 
 
(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
8,576

 
$
4,228

Acquisitions of assets from franchisees and others
 
22

 

Disposals and foreign currency changes, net
 
54

 
(45
)
Purchase price reallocation
 
(1,032
)
 
 
Balance at end of period
 
$
7,620

 
$
4,183

Components of intangible assets were as follows as of July 31, 2017, April 30, 2016 and July 31, 2016:
 
 
July 31, 2017
 
 
Weighted average amortization period
 
Gross carrying amount
 
Accumulated amortization
 
Net carrying amount
 
 
(In thousands)
Amortizable intangible assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Customer lists acquired from unrelated third parties
 
5 years
 
$
3,188

 
$
(1,058
)
 
$
2,130

Tradenames
 
3 years
 
$
431

 
$
(64
)
 
367

Non-compete agreements
 
2 years
 
$
241

 
$
(55
)
 
186

Assets acquired from franchisees:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Customer lists
 
4 years
 
1,266

 
(1,000
)
 
266

Reacquired rights
 
2 years
 
956

 
(934
)
 
22

AD rights
 
10 years
 
27,072

 
(8,141
)
 
18,931

Total intangible assets
 
 
 
$
33,154

 
$
(11,252
)
 
$
21,902


 
 
April 30, 2017
 
 
Weighted average amortization period
 
Gross carrying amount
 
Accumulated amortization
 
Net carrying amount
 
 
(In thousands)
Amortizable intangible assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Customer lists acquired from unrelated third parties
 
4 years
 
$
2,827

 
$
(899
)
 
$
1,928

Assets acquired from franchisees:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Customer lists
 
4 years
 
1,189

 
(908
)
 
281

Reacquired rights
 
2 years
 
935

 
(919
)
 
16

AD rights
 
10 years
 
26,427

 
(7,428
)
 
18,999

Total intangible assets
 
 
 
$
31,378

 
$
(10,154
)
 
$
21,224



11



 
 
July 31, 2016
 
 
Weighted average amortization period
 
Gross carrying amount
 
Accumulated amortization
 
Net carrying amount
 
 
(In thousands)
Amortizable intangible assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Customer lists acquired from unrelated third parties
 
4 years
 
$
1,027

 
$
(408
)
 
$
619

Assets acquired from franchisees:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Customer lists
 
4 years
 
1,355

 
(551
)
 
804

Reacquired rights
 
2 years
 
491

 
(452
)
 
39

AD rights
 
10 years
 
20,415

 
(5,993
)
 
14,422

Total intangible assets
 
 
 
$
23,288

 
$
(7,404
)
 
$
15,884

The Company acquired $0.6 million of AD rights during the three months ended July 31, 2017. The Company did not acquire any AD rights during the three months ended July 31, 2016.
During the three months ended July 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, the Company did not acquire any assets of U.S. or Canadian franchisees, or third parties that were not classified as assets held for sale.
During the third and fourth quarters of 2017, the Company acquired the assets of six unrelated offices of smaller regional or local accounting firms for cash of $2.3 million and $2.8 million of estimated contingent consideration that is included in long-term obligations. These offices perform year-round accounting services. The following table summarized the preliminary estimates of the fair values of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition dates. The preliminary estimates of the fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed are subject to revisions, which may result in adjustments to the preliminary values presented below, when management's appraisals and estimates are finalized. In conjunction with the change in the preliminary estimate, the estimated life of customer lists was revised from four years to six years.
 
Preliminary Estimates
 
 
 
As Reported
 
As Revised
 
 
 
April 30, 2017
 
July 31, 2017
 
Adjustments
 
(in thousands)
Accounts receivable
$
261

 
$
261

 
$

Property, equipment and software, net
55

 
55

 

Customer lists
1,120

 
1,480

 
360

Tradenames

 
431

 
431

Non-compete agreements

 
241

 
241

Goodwill
3,624

 
2,592

 
(1,032
)
   Total purchase price
$
5,060

 
$
5,060

 
$

(4) Assets Held For Sale
At the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2018 and 2017, assets acquired from U.S. franchisees were classified as assets held for sale. During the three months ended July 31, 2017, the Company acquired $3.0 million in assets from U.S. franchisees and third parties that were first accounted for as business combinations, with the value allocated to customer lists and reacquired rights of $1.5 million and goodwill of $1.5 million prior to being recorded as assets held for sale. During the three months ended July 31, 2016, the Company acquired $7.6 million in assets from U.S. franchisees and third parties that were first accounted for as business combinations, with the value allocated to customer lists and reacquired rights of $4.1 million and goodwill of $3.5 million prior to being recorded as assets held for sale. The acquired businesses are operated as Company-owned offices until a buyer is located and a new franchise agreement is entered into.


12



Changes in the carrying amount of assets held for sale for the three months ended July 31, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:

 
Three Months Ended July 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period
$
11,989

 
$
9,886

Reacquired and acquired from third parties
2,979

 
7,647

Dispositions, impairments and other
(290
)
 
(910
)
Balance at end of period
$
14,678

 
$
16,623


During fiscal 2017, the Company reviewed assets held for sale that were deemed unlikely to be sold in the proceeding 12 months. Those identified were transferred to assets held for use and amortization expense was recorded on a cumulative basis for customer lists and reacquired rights.

(5) Long-Term Obligations
 
The Company has a credit facility that consists of a $21.2 million term loan and a revolving credit facility that currently allows borrowing of up to $203.8 million with an accordion feature that permits the Company to request an increase in availability of up to an additional $50.0 million. Outstanding borrowings accrue interest, which is paid monthly at a rate of the one-month London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") plus a margin ranging from 1.50% to 2.25% depending on the Company’s leverage ratio.

The average interest rate paid during the three months ended July 31, 2017 and 2016 was 2.81% and 2.07%, respectively. The indebtedness is collateralized by substantially all the assets of the Company and both loans mature on April 30, 2019. 

The credit facility contains certain financial covenants that the Company must meet, including leverage and fixed-charge coverage ratios as well as minimum net worth requirements. In addition, the Company must reduce the outstanding balance under its revolving credit facility to zero for a period of at least 45 consecutive days each fiscal year. The Company was in compliance with the financial covenants at July 31, 2017

In December 2016, the Company obtained a mortgage payable to a bank in monthly installments of principle payments plus interest at the one-month LIBOR plus 1.85% through December 2026 with a balloon payment of $0.8 million due at maturity. The mortgage is collateralized by land and building.

In December 2016, in connection with obtaining a mortgage payable to a bank, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement that allows it to manage fluctuations in cash flow resulting from changes in the interest rate on the mortgage. This swap effectively changes the variable-rate of the Company's mortgage into a fixed rate of 4.12%. The Company has designated this swap agreement as a cash flow hedge. At July 31, 2017, the fair value of the interest rate swap is less than $0.1 million and is included in accounts payable and accrued expenses. The interest rate swap expires in December 2026.

13



Long-term obligations at July 31, 2017, April 30, 2017, and July 31, 2016 consisted of the following:
 
 
July 31, 2017
 
April 30, 2017
 
July 31, 2016
 
 
(In thousands)
Credit Facility:
 
 

 
 
 
 

Revolver
 
$
20,611

 
$

 
$
27,984

Term loan, net of debt issuance costs
 
16,409

 
17,471

 
18,500

Total credit facility
 
37,020

 
17,471

 
46,484

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-Term Obligations
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Term loan, net of debt issuance costs
 
16,409

 
17,471

 
18,500

   Due former ADs, franchisees and third parties
 
4,479

 
6,568

 
4,330

   Mortgages
 
2,130

 
2,160

 
2,222

 
 
23,018

 
26,199

 
25,052

   Less: current installments
 
(5,202
)
 
(7,738
)
 
(6,754
)
Long-term obligations
 
$
17,816

 
$
18,461

 
$
18,298


(6) Income Taxes
 
The Company computes its provision for, or benefit from, income taxes by applying the estimated annual effective tax rate to income or loss from recurring operations and adjusting for the effects of any discrete income tax items specific to the period.

(7) Stockholders’ Equity

Stockholders' Equity Activity
During the three months ended July 31, 2017 and 2016, activity in stockholders’ equity was as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended July 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
(in thousands, except for share amounts)
Class A common stock issued from the vesting of restricted stock and as director compensation
 

 
1,083

Class B common stock converted to Class A common shares
 

 
600,000

 
 
 
 
 
Stock-based compensation expense
 
$
554

 
$
683

Tax benefit of stock option exercises
 
$

 
$
60

Dividends declared
 
$
2,339

 
$
2,223


During the three months ended July 31, 2016, the sole holder of the Company's Class B common stock converted 600,000 of those shares to the Company's Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis and for no additional consideration.


14



Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss at July 31, 2017, April 30, 2017 and July 31, 2016 were as follows.
 
 
July 31, 2017
 
April 30, 2017
 
July 31, 2016
 
 
(In thousands)
Foreign currency adjustment
 
$
(1,026
)
 
$
(2,059
)
 
$
(1,580
)
Unrealized loss on equity securities, available-for-sale, net of taxes
 

 
30

 

Gain on sale of available-for-sale securities, net of taxes
 

 
(30
)
 

Unrealized gain on interest rate swap agreement, net of taxes
 
(39
)
 
(25
)
 

Total accumulated other comprehensive loss
 
$
(1,065
)
 
$
(2,084
)
 
$
(1,580
)

Net Loss per Share
 
Net loss per share of Class A and Class B common stock is computed using the two-class method. Basic net loss per share is computed by allocating undistributed earnings to common stock and participating securities (exchangeable shares) and using the weighted-average number of common stock outstanding during the period.  Undistributed losses are not allocated to participating securities because they do not meet the required criteria for such allocation. 
 
Diluted net loss per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common stock and, if dilutive, the potential common stock outstanding during the period. Potential common stock consist of the incremental common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units. The dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and restricted stock units is reflected in diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury stock method. Additionally, the computation of the diluted net loss per share of Class A common stock assumes the conversion of Class B common stock and exchangeable shares, if dilutive, while the diluted net loss per share of Class B common stock does not assume conversion of those shares.
 
The rights, including liquidation and dividend rights, of the holders of Class A and Class B common stock are identical, with the exception of the election of directors. As a result, the undistributed earnings for each year are allocated based on the contractual participation rights of the Class A and Class B common stock as if the earnings for the year had been distributed.  Participating securities have dividend rights that are identical to Class A and Class B common stock.
The computation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the three months ended July 31, 2017 and 2016 is as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended 
 July 31, 2017
 
Three Months Ended 
 July 31, 2016
 
 
Class A
 
Class B
 
Class A
 
Class B
 
 
Common Stock
 
Common Stock
 
Common Stock
 
Common Stock
 
 
(in thousands, except for share and per
share amounts)
Basic and diluted net loss per share:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Numerator
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Allocation of undistributed losses
 
$
(9,607
)
 
$
(151
)
 
$
(9,120
)
 
$
(310
)
Denominator
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average common stock outstanding
 
12,682,550

 
200,000

 
12,470,827

 
423,913

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic and diluted net loss per share
 
$
(0.76
)
 
$
(0.76
)
 
$
(0.73
)
 
$
(0.73
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


15



As a result of the net losses for the periods shown, diluted net loss per share excludes the impact of shares of potential common stock from the exercise of options to purchase 1,391,423 and 1,262,182 shares for the three months ended July 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, because the effect would be anti-dilutive.


(8) Stock Compensation Plans
 
Stock Options
 
The Company has an equity and cash incentive plan, for the issuance of up to 2,500,000 shares of Class A common stock in which employees and outside directors are eligible to receive awards. At July 31, 2017, 940,594 shares of Class A common stock remain available for grant.
Stock option activity during the three months ended July 31, 2017 was as follows:
 
 
Number of
options
 
Weighted
average
exercise price
Balance at beginning of period
 
1,387,331

 
$
18.02

Granted
 
188,088

 
14.30

Exercised
 

 

Expired or forfeited
 
(73,353
)
 
15.01

Balance at end of period
 
1,502,066

 
17.70


Intrinsic value is defined as the fair value of the stock less the cost to exercise. There were no options exercised during the three months ended July 31, 2017. The total intrinsic value of stock options outstanding at July 31, 2017 was $0.8 million. Stock options vest from six months to five years from the date of grant and expire from four to five years after the vesting date.
Nonvested stock options activity during the three months ended July 31, 2017 was as follows: 
 
 
Nonvested
options
 
Weighted
average
exercise price
Balance at beginning of period
 
678,118

 
$
15.88

Granted
 
188,088

 
14.30

Vested
 
(9,000
)
 
10.51

Forfeited
 

 

Balance at end of period
 
857,206

 
15.59

 
At July 31, 2017, unrecognized compensation costs related to nonvested stock options were $2.2 million. These costs are expected to be recognized through fiscal 2021.
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding and exercisable at July 31, 2017:
 
 
Options Outstanding
 
Options Exercisable
Range of exercise prices
 
Number of shares outstanding
 
Weighted average exercise price
 
Weighted average remaining contractual life (in years)
 
Number of options exercisable
 
Weighted average exercise price
 
 
 
 
 
$10.51 - $15.00
 
821,647

 
$
13.35

 
5.4
 
130,440

 
$
14.69

$15.01 - $19.75
 
284,616

 
17.92

 
2.8
 
266,616

 
17.96

$19.76 - $29.48
 
330,387

 
25.22

 
4.3
 
212,387

 
25.15

$29.48 - $33.38
 
65,416

 
33.38

 
4.3
 
35,417

 
33.38


 
1,502,066

 
17.70

 

 
644,860

 
20.51



16




Restricted Stock Units
 
Restricted stock activity during the three months ended July 31, 2017 was as follows:
 
 
Number of
Restricted stock units
 
Weighted
average fair value at grant date
Balance at beginning of period
 
176,396

 
$
13.61

Granted
 
27,797

 
14.30

Vested
 

 

Forfeited
 
(714
)
 
23.09

Balance at end of period
 
203,479

 
13.67

 
At July 31, 2017, unrecognized compensation costs related to restricted stock units were $2.2 million. These costs are expected to be recognized through fiscal 2022.

(9) Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Financial assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements on a recurring basis are classified according to a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. Valuation methodologies for the fair value hierarchy are as follows:
 
Level 1 — Quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets.
 
Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, and model-based valuations in which all significant inputs are observable in the market.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore, requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.

The Company measures or monitors certain of its assets and liabilities on a fair value basis. Fair value is used on a recurring basis for those assets and liabilities for which fair value is the primary basis of accounting. Other assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis; that is, they are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances, such as when there is evidence of impairment. The following tables present, at July 31, 2017, April 30, 2017 and July 31, 2016, for each of the fair value hierarchy levels, the assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis (in thousands):
 
 
July 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
Fair value measurements using
 
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Assets:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Nonrecurring:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Impaired accounts and notes receivable, net of unearned revenue
 
$
14,570

 

 

 
$
14,570

 
 

 


 

 

Liabilities:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Recurring:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Contingent consideration included in obligations due to former ADs, franchisees and others
 
$
4,186

 
$

 
$

 
$
4,186

Interest rate swap agreement
 
39

 

 
39

 

Total recurring liabilities
 
$
4,225

 
$

 
$
39

 
$
4,186

 
 

 


 

 


17




 
 
April 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
Fair value measurements using
 
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Assets:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Recurring:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Cash equivalents
 
$
10,393

 
$
10,393

 
$

 
$

Total recurring assets
 
10,393

 
10,393

 

 

Nonrecurring:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Impaired accounts and notes receivable, net of unearned revenue
 
16,500

 

 

 
16,500

Impaired goodwill
 
94

 

 

 
94

Impaired customer lists
 
18

 

 

 
18

Assets held for sale
 
11,989

 

 

 
11,989

Total nonrecurring assets
 
28,601

 

 

 
28,601

Total recurring and nonrecurring assets
 
$
38,994

 
$
10,393

 
$

 
$
28,601

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Recurring:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Contingent consideration included in obligations due to former ADs, franchisees and others
 
$
3,215

 

 
$

 
$
3,215

Total recurring liabilities
 
$
3,215

 
$

 
$

 
$
3,215



 
 
July 31, 2016
 
 
 
 
Fair value measurements using
 
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Assets:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Nonrecurring:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Impaired accounts and notes receivable, net of unearned revenue
 
$
11,224

 

 

 
$
11,224

Total recurring and nonrecurring assets
 
$
11,224

 
$

 
$

 
$
11,224

Liabilities:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Recurring:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Contingent consideration included in obligations due to former ADs, franchisees and others
 
$
2,173

 

 

 
$
2,173

Total recurring liabilities
 
$
2,173

 
$

 
$

 
$
2,173



The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy on the date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer. There were no transfers into or out of level 1 or 2 requiring fair value measurements for each of the three months ended July 31, 2017 and 2016.

The following methods and assumptions are used to estimate the fair value of our financial instruments.
 
Cash equivalents: The carrying amounts approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments. Cash equivalent financial instruments consist of money market accounts.

Impaired accounts and notes receivable, net of unearned revenue: Accounts and notes receivable are considered to be impaired if the net amounts due exceed the fair value of the underlying franchise or if management considers it probable that all principal and interest will not be collected when contractually due. In establishing the estimated fair value of the underlying

18



franchise, consideration is given to recent sales between franchisees, sales of Company-owned stores, the net fees of open offices, and the number of unopened offices.

Impaired goodwill, reacquired rights, and customer lists: Goodwill, reacquired rights and customer lists associated with a Company-owned office are considered to be impaired if the net carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the underlying office. In establishing the fair value of the underlying office, consideration is given to the related net fees and marketplace transactions and when appropriate a discounted cash flow model.

Assets held for sale: Assets held for sale are recorded at the lower of the carrying value or the sales price, less costs to sell, which approximates fair value. The sales price is calculated as a percentage of prior year net fees and marketplace transactions.

Contingent consideration included in obligations due to former ADs, franchisee and others: Obligations due to former ADs and franchisees related to estimated contingent consideration are carried at fair value. The fair value of these obligations was determined using a discounted cash flow model.

Interest rate swap agreement: Value of interest rate swap on variable rate mortgage debt. The fair value of this instrument was determined based on third party market research.

Other Fair Value Measurements

Additionally, accounting standards require the disclosure of the estimated fair value of financial instruments that are not recorded at fair value. For the financial instruments that the Company does not record at fair value, estimates of fair value are made at a point in time based on relevant market data and information about the financial instrument. No readily available market exists for a significant portion of the Company's financial instruments. Fair value estimates for these instruments are based on current economic conditions, interest rate risk characteristics, and other factors. Many of these estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and cannot be determined with precision. Therefore, the calculated fair value estimates in many instances cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and, in many cases, may not be realizable in a current sale of the instrument. In addition, changes in assumptions could significantly affect these fair value estimates. The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating fair value of these financial instruments.

Notes receivable: The carrying amount approximates fair value because the interest rate charged by the Company on these notes approximates rates currently offered by local lending institutions for loans of similar terms to individuals/entities with comparable credit risk (Level 3).

Long-term obligations: The carrying amount approximates fair value because the interest rate paid has a variable component (Level 2).

(10) Related Party Transactions
The Company considers directors and their affiliated companies, as well as executive officers and members of their immediate families, to be related parties.
During fiscal 2017, the Company entered into a three-year contract to purchase a license for the use of Canadian tax software at a price of $0.9 million from a company in which it has an investment accounted for under the equity method. One of the members of the Company's Board of Directors is affiliated with the company providing this service.
(11) Commitments and Contingencies
In the ordinary course of operations, the Company may become a party to legal proceedings. Except as provided below and based upon information currently available, management believes that such legal proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.
JTH Tax, Inc. and SiempreTax LLC v. Gregory Aime, Aime Consulting, LLC, Aime Consulting, Inc. and Wolf Ventures, Inc. (Case No. 2:16-cv-279). The Company filed suit in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia against the defendants, former Company franchisees, on June 9, 2016, as amended on June 22, 2016, claiming the defendants breached the purchase and sale agreement (the “PSA”) entered between the parties on January 21, 2016 and that the defendants had failed to comply with the post termination obligations of the franchise agreements (together with the PSA, the “Aime

19



Agreements”). The Company sought damages in an amount equal to three times the defendants’ earnings and profits, as well as injunctive relief to enforce the defendants to comply with the post termination obligations of the Aime Agreements, to be determined by the trier of fact. The Company specifically sought, in part, to enjoin the defendants from continued operation of a tax preparation business using the Company’s protected trademarks, enforcement of the non-compete provision of the Aime Agreements, and an order that the defendants assign all of the leases related to the franchised businesses to the Company. On July 1, 2016, the Magistrate Judge issued a report and recommendation finding a likelihood of success on the merits and recommending entry of the requested temporary restraining order (the “TRO”) in favor of the Company, which was adopted in part on August 3, 2016. On September 9, 2016, the defendants filed an answer and counterclaim against the Company, alleging breach of the PSA, breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing and fraud and seeking approximately $2.4 million in damages, plus future loss profits, punitive damages and other expenses.  After a three-day bench trial, on January 13, 2017, the court vacated the TRO, finding in favor of the defendants.  On February 15, 2017, the court issued its written opinion and order granting the defendants’ breach of contract and breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing claims, denying the Company’s claims against the defendants and finding certain post termination obligations to be unenforceable. Judgment was entered in favor of the defendants for approximately $2.7 million. The Company has accrued $2.7 million as of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017 in connection with the judgment, which is recorded in "Accounts payable and accrued expense" in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company has filed an appeal of the judgment with the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals.
The Company is also party to claims and lawsuits that are considered to be ordinary, routine litigation incidental to the business, including claims and lawsuits concerning the preparation of customers' income tax returns, the fees charged to customers for various products and services, relationships with franchisees, intellectual property disputes, employment matters, and contract disputes. Although the Company cannot provide assurance that it will ultimately prevail in each instance, it believes the amount, if any, it will be required to pay in the discharge of liabilities or settlements in these claims will not have a material adverse impact on its consolidated results of operations or financial position.

(12) Subsequent Events
    
On September 5, 2017, the Board of Directors approved a quarterly cash dividend to stockholders of $0.16 per share payable on or about October 23, 2017 to holders of record of common stock and common stock equivalents on October 13, 2017.

On September 5, 2017, John T. Hewitt, the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, was terminated by the Board of Directors, effective immediately. As Mr. Hewitt was terminated without cause, he will be eligible for severance of approximately $1.8 million, which is not reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

As part of the Company's initiatives to improve its overall profitability, certain contractual arrangements are being evaluated. Subsequent to July 31, 2017, the Company stopped using the services of one of its vendors (and no longer receive any benefits from such services). The Company is attempting to negotiate a settlement with the vendor, but if it is unsuccessful, a charge will be recognized during the second quarter of up to $2.4 million.


    

20



ITEM 2
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
 
This quarterly report contains forward-looking statements concerning our business, operations, financial performance, and condition as well as our plans, objectives, and expectations for our business operations and financial performance and condition. Any statements contained herein that are not of historical facts may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. You can identify these statements by words such as “aim,” “anticipate,” “assume,” “believe,” “could,” “due,” “estimate,” “expect,” “goal,” “intend,” “may,” “objective,” “plan,” “predict,” “potential,” “positioned,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would” and other similar expressions that are predictions of or indicate future events and future trends. These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts, projections about our business and the industry in which we operate, and our management’s beliefs and assumptions. They are not guarantees of future performance or development and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that are in some cases beyond our control. As a result, any or all of our forward-looking statements in this quarterly report may turn out to be inaccurate. Factors that may cause such differences include, but are not limited to, the risks described under “Item 1A—Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2017 and other filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), including:
 
our inability to grow on a sustainable basis;
 
the seasonality of our business;

the continued service of our senior management team and our ability to attract additional talent;
 
our inability to secure reliable sources of the tax settlement products we make available to our customers; 
 
government regulation and oversight, including the regulation of tax preparers or settlement products such as refund transfers and loan settlement products;
 
government initiatives that simplify tax return preparation, improve the timing and efficiency of processing tax returns, limit payments to tax preparers, or decrease the number of tax returns filed or the size of the refunds;

government initiatives to pre-populate income tax returns;
 
the effect of regulation of the products and services that we offer, including changes in laws and regulations;
 
the possible characterization of refund transfers as a form of loan or extension of credit;
 
changes in the tax settlement products offered to our customers that make our services less attractive to customers or more costly to us;
 
our ability to maintain relationships with our tax settlement product service providers;

any potential non-compliance, fraud or other misconduct by our franchisees or employees;
 
our ability and the ability of our franchisees to comply with legal and regulatory requirements;

failures by our franchisees and their employees to comply with their contractual obligations to us and with laws and regulations, to the extent these failures affect our reputation or subject us to legal risk;
 
the ability of our franchisees to open new territories and operate them successfully;
 
the ability of our franchisees to generate sufficient revenue to repay their indebtedness to us;

our ability to profitably manage Company-owned offices and sell to franchisees;

our exposure to litigation;

21



 
our ability and our franchisees’ ability to protect customers’ personal information, including from a cyber-security incident; 

the impact of identity-theft concerns on customer attitudes toward our services;

our ability to access the credit markets and satisfy our covenants to lenders;
 
challenges in deploying accurate tax software in a timely way each tax season;

delays in the commencement of the tax season attributable to Congressional action affecting tax matters and the resulting inability of federal and state tax agencies to accept tax returns on a timely basis, or other changes that have the effect of delaying the tax refund cycle;
 
competition in the tax preparation market;

the effect of federal and state legislation that affects the demand for paid tax preparation, such as the Affordable Care Act and potential immigration reform;
 
our reliance on technology systems and electronic communications;
 
our ability to effectively deploy software in a timely manner and with all the features our customers require;

the impact of any acquisitions or dispositions, including our ability to integrate acquisitions and capitalize on their anticipated synergies; and

other factors, including the risk factors discussed in our latest annual report filed with the SEC.

Potential investors and other readers are urged to consider these factors carefully in evaluating the forward-looking statements and are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this quarterly report. Unless required by law, we do not intend to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect new information or future events or otherwise. A potential investor or other vendor should, however, review the factors and risks we describe in the reports we will file from time to time with the SEC after the date of this quarterly report.

Overview
 
We are one of the leading providers of tax preparation services in the United States and Canada, last year, we operated 4,077 tax offices. As measured by the number of returns prepared, we believe we are one of the largest retail preparer of individual tax returns in the both the United States and Canada. Our tax preparation services and related tax settlement products are offered primarily through franchised locations, although we operate a limited number of Company-owned offices each tax season. See Note 1 "Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in the notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2017, for details of the U.S. office activity and the number of Canadian and Company-owned offices for the years ended April 30, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

Our revenue primarily consists of the following components:
 
Franchise Fees: Our standard franchise fee per territory ranges from $20,000 to $40,000, and we offer our franchisees flexible structures and financing options for franchise fees. Franchise fee revenue is recognized when our obligations to prepare the franchisee for operation are substantially complete and as cash is received.
Area Developer ("AD") Fees: Our fees for AD areas vary based on our assessment of the revenue potential of each AD area and also depend on the performance of any existing franchisees within the AD area being sold. Our ADs generally receive 50% of franchise fees, royalties, and a portion of the interest income derived from territories located in their area. AD fees received are recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the initial contract term of each AD agreement, which has historically been ten years, with the cumulative amount of revenue recognized not to exceed the amount of cash received. We changed the term of new and renewal AD contracts to six years beginning in July 2014.

22



Royalties: Our franchise agreements require franchisees to pay us a base royalty typically equal to 14% of the franchisee's tax preparation revenue, subject to certain specified minimums.
Advertising Fees: Our franchise agreements require all franchisees to pay us an advertising fee of 5% of the franchisee's tax preparation revenue, which we use primarily to fund collective advertising efforts.
Financial Products: We offer two types of tax settlement financial products: refund transfer products, which involve providing a means by which a customer may receive his or her refund more quickly and conveniently, and refund-based loans. We earn fees from the arranging of the sale of these financial products.
Interest Income: We earn interest income from our franchisees and ADs related to both indebtedness for the unpaid portions of their franchise fees and AD territory fees, and for other loans we extend to our franchisees related to the operation of their territories. We also earn interest on our accounts receivable.
Assisted Tax Preparation Fees: We earn tax preparation fees, net of discounts, directly from both the operation of Company-owned offices in the U.S. and Canada.

We operate Company-owned offices, substantially all of which are held for sale. If these offices remain unsold at the start of a tax season we will operate them for the tax season with the intent of selling them to qualified franchisees the next year and as a result the number of Company-owned offices will vary from year to year. Going forward the number of Company-owned offices may increase if the Company reacquires more offices from existing franchisees and does not find a suitable buyer to take over the office.

For purposes of this section and throughout this quarterly report, all references to “fiscal 2018” and “fiscal 2017” refer to our fiscal years ending April 30, 2018 and ended April 30, 2017, respectively, and corresponding references to fiscal quarters are references to quarters within those fiscal years. For purposes of this section and throughout this quarterly report, all references to “year” or “years” are the respective fiscal year or years ended April 30 unless otherwise noted in this quarterly report, and all references to “tax season” refer to the period between January 1 and April 30 of the referenced year.

Results of Operations
The table below shows results of operations for the three months ended July 31, 2017 and 2016.
 
 
Three Months Ended July 31,
 
 
 
 
 
 
Change
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
$
 
%
(dollars in thousands)
Total revenues
 
$
8,188

 
$
7,149

 
$
1,039

 
15
%
Loss from operations
 
(15,949
)
 
(15,202
)
 
(747
)
 
5
%
Net loss
 
(9,758
)
 
(9,430
)
 
(328
)
 
3
%
Revenues. The table below sets forth the components and changes in our revenues for the three months ended July 31, 2017 and 2016.
 
 
Three Months Ended July 31,
 
 
 
 
 
 
Change
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
$
 
%
(dollars in thousands)
Franchise fees
 
$
71

 
$
240

 
$
(169
)
 
(70
)%
Area Developer fees
 
1,068

 
970

 
98

 
10
 %
Royalties and advertising fees
 
1,689

 
1,455

 
234

 
16
 %
Financial products
 
582

 
536

 
46

 
9
 %
Interest income
 
2,297

 
2,658

 
(361
)
 
(14
)%
Assisted tax preparation fees, net of discounts
 
1,639

 
986

 
653

 
66
 %
Other revenues
 
842

 
304

 
538

 
177
 %
Total revenues
 
$
8,188

 
$
7,149

 
$
1,039

 
15
 %
 

23



For the three months ended July 31, 2017, total revenues increased $1.0 million, or 15%, to $8.2 million compared to $7.1 million the same period last year. The increase was largely due to higher assisted tax preparation fees of $0.7 million driven by the year-round accounting offices we acquired in late fiscal 2017 along with an increase in other revenues of $0.5 million due to bargain purchase gains from territories which we reacquired at below market values; partially offset by lower franchise fees resulting from fewer new sales as well as a free-territory promotion for selected existing franchisees.

Operating expenses.    The table below details the amounts and changes in our operating expenses for the three months ended July 31, 2017 and 2016.
 
 
Three Months Ended July 31,
 
 
 
 
 
 
Change
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
$
 
%
(dollars in thousands)
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Employee compensation and benefits
 
$
9,991

 
$
9,682

 
$
309

 
3
 %
Other costs and expenses
 
9,202

 
8,279

 
923

 
11
 %
Area Developer expense
 
372

 
460

 
(88
)
 
(19
)%
Advertising expense
 
2,376

 
1,918

 
458

 
24
 %
Depreciation, amortization, and impairment charges
 
2,196

 
2,012

 
184

 
9
 %
Total operating expenses
 
$
24,137

 
$
22,351

 
$
1,786

 
8
 %
 
For the three months ended July 31, 2017, total operating expenses were $24.1 million compared to $22.4 million, representing an increase of $1.8 million, or 8%. The increase was primarily driven by the following:

a $0.9 million increase in other costs and expenses due primarily to higher rent and utility expense from our company-owned stores;
a $0.5 million increase in advertising expense for the recruitment of new franchisees as well as advertising expense associated with new client growth;
a $0.3 million increase in employee compensation and benefits mainly due to higher compensation associated with our new year-round Company-owned offices;
a $0.2 million increase in amortization expense due to the acquisition of our new year-round Company-owned offices, slightly offset by;
a reduction in area developer expense of $0.1 million.

Income tax benefit. We recorded income tax benefits with effective rates of 39.5% and 39.2% during the three months ended July 31, 2017 and July 31, 2016, respectively. Due to the seasonal nature of our business, we expect any losses that we incur through the first eight months of each fiscal year will be more than offset by the results of the last four months of the fiscal year.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Overview of factors affecting our liquidity

Seasonality of cash flow. Our tax return preparation business is seasonal, and most of our revenues and cash flow are generated during the period from late January through April 30. Following each tax season, from May 1 through late January of the following year, we rely on the use of our credit facility, excess operating cash flow from the previous tax season, and from cash payments made by franchisees and ADs who purchase new territories and development areas prior to the next tax season to fund our operating expenses and those of our franchisees, as well as invest in the future growth of our business. Our business has historically generated a strong annual operating cash flow.

Credit facility. Our credit facility consists of a term loan and a revolving credit facility that currently allows borrowing of up to $203.8 million with an accordion feature that permits the Company to request an increase in availability of up to an additional $50.0 million.

Under our credit facility, we are subject to a number of covenants that could potentially restrict how we carry out our business or that require us to meet certain periodic tests in the form of financial covenants. The restrictions we consider to be material to our ongoing business include the following:

24



 
We must satisfy a “leverage ratio” test that is based on our outstanding indebtedness at the end of each fiscal quarter,
 
We must satisfy a “fixed charge coverage ratio” test at the end of each fiscal quarter,
 
We must reduce the outstanding balance under our revolving loan to zero for a period of at least 45 consecutive days each fiscal year, and

We must maintain a minimum net worth requirement, measured at April 30 of each year.
 
In addition, were we to experience certain types of changes in control affecting Mr. Hewitt's continuing control of us, or certain changes to the composition of our Board of Directors, we might become subject to an event of default under our credit facility, which could result in the acceleration of our obligations under that facility.
 
Our credit facility also contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including limitations on indebtedness, limitations on liens and negative pledges, limitations on investments, loans and acquisitions, limitations on mergers, consolidations, liquidations and dissolutions, limitations on sales of assets, limitations on certain restricted payments and limitations on transactions with affiliates, among others.

We were in compliance with our financial covenants as of July 31, 2017.
 
Franchisee lending and potential exposure to credit loss.  At July 31, 2017, our total balance of loans to franchisees and ADs for working capital and equipment loans, representing cash amounts we had advanced to the franchisees and ADs, was $22.8 million. In addition, at that date, our franchisees and ADs together owed us an additional $74.7 million, net of unrecognized revenue of $23.9 million, for amounts representing the unpaid purchase price for franchise territories or areas comprising clusters of territories and other amounts owed to us for royalties and other amounts for which our franchisees and ADs had outstanding payment obligations.

Our actual exposure to potential credit loss associated with franchisee loans is less than the aggregate amount of those loans because a significant portion of those loans are to franchisees located within AD areas, where our AD is ultimately entitled to a substantial portion of the franchise fee and royalty revenues represented by some of these loans. For this reason, the amount of indebtedness of franchisees to us is effectively offset in part by our related payable obligation to ADs in respect of franchise fees and royalties. As of July 31, 2017, the total indebtedness of franchisees to us where the franchisee is located in an AD area was $57.5 million, of which $9.2 million of that indebtedness represents amounts ultimately payable to ADs as their share of franchise fees and royalties once cash is received.
 
Our franchisees make electronic return filings for their customers utilizing our software. Our franchise agreements allow us to obtain repayment of amounts due to us from our franchisees through an electronic fee intercept program before our franchisees receive the net proceeds from tax preparation and other fees they have charged to their customers on tax returns associated with tax settlement products. Therefore, we are able to minimize the nonpayment risk associated with amounts outstanding from franchisees by obtaining direct electronic payment in the ordinary course throughout the tax season. Our credit risk associated with amounts outstanding to ADs is also mitigated by our electronic fee intercept program, which enables us to retain repayments of amounts that would otherwise flow through to ADs as their share of franchise fee and royalty payments, to the extent of an AD's indebtedness to us.

 The unpaid amounts owed to us from our ADs and franchisees are collateralized by the underlying franchise or area and, when the franchise or area owner is an entity, are generally guaranteed by the related owners of the respective entity. Accordingly, to the extent a franchisee or AD does not satisfy its payment obligations to us, we may repossess the underlying franchise or area in order to resell it in the future. At July 31, 2017, we had an investment in impaired accounts and notes receivable and related interest receivable of approximately $21.2 million. We consider accounts and notes receivable to be impaired if the amounts due exceed the fair value of the underlying franchise and estimate an allowance for doubtful accounts based on that excess. Amounts due include the recorded value of the accounts and notes receivable reduced by the allowance for uncollected interest, amounts due to ADs for their portion of franchisee receivables, any related unrecognized revenue and amounts owed to the franchisee or AD by us. In establishing the fair value of the underlying franchise, we consider net fees of open territories and the number of unopened territories. At July 31, 2017, we have recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts for impaired accounts and notes receivable of $8.0 million. There were no significant concentrations of credit risk with any individual franchisee or AD as of July 31, 2017. We believe our allowance for doubtful accounts as of July 31, 2017 is adequate for our existing loss exposure. We closely monitor the performance of our franchisees and ADs and will adjust our allowances as appropriate if we determine the existing allowances are inadequate to cover estimated losses.

25



 
Dividends. Beginning in April 2015, we announced a $0.16 per share quarterly cash dividend and may continue to pay cash dividends in the future, the payment of dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend, among other things, on our earnings, capital requirements, and financial condition. Our ability to pay dividends will also be subject to compliance with financial covenants that are contained in our credit facility and may be restricted by any future indebtedness that we incur or issuances of preferred stock. In addition, applicable law requires our Board of Directors to determine that we have adequate surplus prior to the declaration of dividends. We cannot provide an assurance that we will continue to pay dividends at any specific level or at all.

Sources and uses of cash
 
Operating activities. In the first three months of fiscal 2018, we used $7.4 million less cash in our operating activities compared to the same period in fiscal 2017. This decrease is primarily due to a change in timing of our estimated tax payments to the second quarter of fiscal 2018 compared to the first quarter.

Investing activities. In the first three months of fiscal 2018, we utilized $3.1 million more cash for investing activities compared to the same period in fiscal 2017. This increased usage is primarily due to a decrease of $5.0 million in cash generated from the sale of securities in the three months ended July 31, 2016, partially offset by a decrease of $1.5 million in cash used for the purchase of AD rights, Company-owned offices and acquired customers lists.
 
Financing activities. In the first three months of fiscal 2018, cash from financing activities decreased $10.0 million compared to the same period in fiscal 2017, largely due to a $7.3 million decrease in net borrowings under our revolving credit facility and an increase of $2.9 million for the repayment of long-term obligations relating to prior year AD and customer list acquisitions.
 
Future cash needs and capital requirements
 
Operating cash flow needs. We believe our credit facility entered into on April 30, 2012, as amended, will be sufficient to support our cash flow needs for the foreseeable future. At July 31, 2017, using the leverage ratio applicable under our loan covenants at the end of the quarter, our maximum unused borrowing capacity was $86.6 million.
 
Our credit facility also contains a requirement that we reduce the balance of our revolving loan to zero for a period of at least 45 consecutive days each fiscal year; however, because our term loan will remain outstanding during that 45 day period, and given our historic cash flow experience at the end of and beginning of each fiscal year, we do not anticipate that the unavailability of our revolving loan during that 45 day period each fiscal year will adversely affect our cash flow. As of June 14, 2017, we had maintained a zero balance on our revolver for the required 45 days and thus have already met the requirement for fiscal 2018.
 
Several factors could affect our cash flow in future periods, including the following:

the delay by the IRS to issue refunds to taxpayers who claim the Earned Income Tax Credit or the Child Tax Credit;
 
the extent to which we extend operating financing to our franchisees and ADs and the extent that our franchisees and ADs repay their notes to us;

the extent and timing of capital expenditures;
 
the cash flow effect of stock option exercises and the extent to which we engage in stock repurchases;
 
our ability to generate fee and other income related to tax settlement products in light of regulatory pressures on us and our business partners;
 
the extent to which we repurchase AD areas, which will involve the use of cash in the short-term, but improve cash receipts in future periods from what would have been the AD's share of royalties and franchise fees;

the extent to which we repurchase certain assets from franchisees and third parties and our ability to operate these assets profitably; and

the extent, if any, to which our Board of Directors elects to continue to declare cash dividends on our common stock.

26



 
Effect of our credit facility covenants on our future performance. Our credit facility, which matures on April 30, 2019, imposes several restrictive covenants, including a covenant that requires us to maintain a leverage ratio of not more than 5.5:1 at the end of each fiscal quarter ending January 31 and a leverage ratio of not more than 3.0:1 at the end of each other fiscal quarter. The higher permitted leverage ratio at the end of the January 31 quarter reflects the fact that as of that date, we have typically extended significant credit to our franchisees for working capital and other needs that is not reflected in repayments received from our franchisees until the period beginning in February each year. At July 31, 2017, our leverage ratio was 1.0:1.
 
We continue to be obligated under our credit facility to satisfy a fixed charge coverage ratio test, which requires that ratio to be not less than 1.50:1 at the end of every fiscal quarter. At July 31, 2017, our fixed charge coverage ratio was 4.9:1.
 
We were in compliance with the ratio tests described in this section as of July 31, 2017. We expect to be able to manage our cash flow and our operating activities in such a manner that we will continue to be able to satisfy our obligations under the credit facility for the remainder of the term of that facility.

Non-GAAP Financial Information. We report our financial results in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. ("GAAP"); however, we believe that earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and impairment ("EBITDA") and non-GAAP results should be evaluated, in addition to, and not as an alternative for, net loss, as determined in accordance with GAAP. We consider our non-GAAP financial results to be a useful metric for management and investors to evaluate and compare current year results with prior periods. Because not all companies use the same calculations, our definition of EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly titled figures from other companies. In addition, when evaluating non-GAAP results, we exclude certain items that are not considered to be part of future operating results. Descriptions of the items which are excluded are as follows:

Executive severance, including stock-based compensation: We exclude from our non-GAAP financial measures cash and non-cash stock-based compensation and perquisites associated with the separation of employment with executives of the Company.

Compliance Task Force and related costs: We exclude from our non-GAAP financial measures third-party expenses we incur related to our Compliance Task Force, which we established in fiscal 2016 to examine and prevent non-compliance, fraud and other misconduct among our franchisees and employees. These expenses include professional and legal fees.

Gain on available-for-sale securities: We exclude from our non-GAAP financial measures gains and losses we record when we sell equity securities and other investments.

Executive sign-on bonus and recruitment costs: We exclude from our non-GAAP financial measures one-time costs incurred to attract and hire new executives.

The following is a reconciliation of EBITDA to GAAP Net Loss:

 
 
Three Months Ended July 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
(in thousands)
Net loss - as reported
 
$
(9,758
)
 
$
(9,430
)
Add back:
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
 
281

 
344

Income tax benefit
 
(6,362
)
 
(6,074
)
Depreciation, amortization, and impairment charges
 
2,196

 
2,012

Total Adjustments
 
(3,885
)
 
(3,718
)
EBITDA
 
$
(13,643
)
 
$
(13,148
)

The following is a reconciliation of our reported net loss to our non-GAAP financial measures. Amounts may not add or recalculate due to rounding.

27



Three Months Ended July 31, 2017
(in thousands except per share data)