Vaccine biotechnology company Novavax (NASDAQ: NVAX) reported Q4 CY2025 results beating Wall Street’s revenue expectations, with sales up 66.6% year on year to $147.1 million. Its non-GAAP profit of $0.11 per share was significantly above analysts’ consensus estimates.

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StockStory’s Take

Novavax’s third quarter reflected the continued impact of its strategic pivot from a single-product commercial focus to a partnership-driven and R&D-oriented model. Despite surpassing revenue expectations, the company’s operating losses widened as it restructured and transferred commercial responsibility for Nuvaxovid to Sanofi. Management attributed the quarter’s underperformance to ongoing cost reductions and the transition away from direct commercialization. CEO John Jacobs said, “Our imperative at that time was to stabilize the company financially,” highlighting significant cost cuts and a major partnership shift.

Looking forward, Novavax’s guidance is shaped by its evolving revenue mix and the anticipated growth of partnerships, especially with Sanofi. The company expects increasing contributions from milestone payments and royalties as Sanofi expands its commercial efforts and new pipeline assets progress. CFO James Kelly explained that the timing to achieve non-GAAP profitability now depends on Sanofi’s regulatory milestones and additional partnerships, stating, “We are certainly going to continue to endeavor and drive to this non-GAAP profitability and beyond.” Management also signaled that further cost reductions and new collaborations could support future profitability.

Key Insights from Management’s Remarks

Management credited the quarter’s performance to the ongoing transfer of Nuvaxovid commercialization to Sanofi, progress with early pipeline assets, and continued cost controls.

• Sanofi partnership transition: Novavax completed the handoff of U.S. and EU marketing authorizations for Nuvaxovid to Sanofi, allowing Novavax to discontinue its own sales and marketing efforts for the COVID-19 vaccine.
• Cost structure transformation: Operating expenses dropped significantly as the company reduced SG&A by 55% year-over-year, reflecting its leaner operational model and the shift away from direct commercialization.
• Emerging R&D pipeline: Management highlighted ongoing progress in early-stage vaccine programs, including candidates for C. diff, shingles, RSV combination, and pandemic influenza, with preclinical data expected to emerge in coming quarters.
• Matrix-M adjuvant applications: The Matrix-M technology platform is being deployed in multiple new programs, including Sanofi’s pandemic flu candidate and the R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine in partnership with Serum Institute and Oxford University.
• Revenue mix shift: The revenue base is now increasingly comprised of partner milestone payments and royalties, rather than direct product sales, as Novavax pursues additional collaborations and licensing opportunities.

Drivers of Future Performance

Novavax’s outlook for the next year centers on expanded royalty streams, cost discipline, and the execution of its partnership strategy.

• Sanofi-driven royalty growth: Management expects that as Sanofi fully commercializes Nuvaxovid and advances combination vaccine programs, Novavax will benefit from increased royalty and milestone payments, especially starting in the '26-'27 season.
• Pipeline advancement and partnerships: The company’s ability to secure new collaborations and progress its early-stage vaccine candidates—spanning infectious diseases and potentially oncology—will be critical for diversifying revenue and sustaining growth.
• Further cost optimization: Novavax anticipates additional reductions in R&D and SG&A expenses as it completes transition activities with Sanofi and focuses investment on its highest-potential pipeline projects, supporting its goal of reaching non-GAAP profitability by 2028.

Catalysts in Upcoming Quarters

In the coming quarters, the StockStory team will be closely monitoring (1) the ramp-up of Sanofi’s commercial activities for Nuvaxovid and the realization of expanded royalty streams, (2) the emergence and validation of preclinical data from Novavax’s early-stage programs, and (3) the company’s ability to secure new partnerships or licensing agreements for its Matrix-M platform. Progress on further cost reductions and effective partner execution will also be crucial signposts.

Novavax currently trades at $11.11, up from $9.55 just before the earnings. In the wake of this quarter, is it a buy or sell? See for yourself in our full research report (it’s free).

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