d1107665_20-f.htm
UNITED
STATES
SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington,
D.C. 20549
FORM
20-F
(Mark
One)
[ ]
|
REGISTRATION
STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT
OF 1934
|
OR
[X]
|
ANNUAL
REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF
1934
|
For the
fiscal year ended December 31,
2009
OR
[ ]
|
TRANSITION
REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF
1934
|
For the
transition period from _________________ to _________________
OR
[ ]
|
SHELL
COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934
|
Date of
event requiring this shell company report _________________
Commission
file number
SCORPIO
TANKERS INC.
|
(Exact
name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
|
|
(Translation
of Registrant's name into English)
|
|
Republic
of The Marshall Islands
|
(Jurisdiction
of incorporation or organization)
|
9,
Boulevard Charles III Monaco 98000
|
(Address
of principal executive offices)
Mr.
Emanuele Lauro,
+377-9898-5716
9,
Boulevard Charles III Monaco 98000
|
(Name,
Telephone Number and Address of Company Contact
Person)
|
Securities
registered or to be registered pursuant to section 12(b) of the
Act.
|
Name
of each exchange
|
Title
of each class
|
on
which registered
|
Common
Stock, par value of $0.01 per share |
New
York Stock Exchange
|
Securities
registered or to be registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the
Act.
Securities
for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the
Act.
Indicate
the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer's classes of capital or
common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual
report.
As of
December 31, 2009, there were 1,500 outstanding common shares with a par value
$1.00 per share.
Indicate
by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as
defined by Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
|
Yes [ ] No [
X ]
|
If
this report is an annual or transitional report, indicate by check mark if
the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to section 13 or
15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934.
|
Yes [ ] No [
X ]
|
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to
be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to
such filing requirements for the past 90
days.
|
Yes [
X ] No [ ]
|
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and
posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File
required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T
(§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such
shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such
files).
|
Yes [ ] No [ ]
|
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an
accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of
"accelerated filer" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check
one):
|
Large
accelerated filer [ ]
Accelerated
filer [ ]
Non-accelerated
filer [ X ]
|
Indicate
by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare
the financial statements included in this filing:
|
U.S.
GAAP [ ]
International
Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting
Standards Board [ X ]
Other [ ]
|
If
"Other" has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by
check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to
follow.
|
Item
17 [ ]
18 [ ]
|
If
this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is
a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange
Act).
|
Yes [ ]
No [ X ]
|
SCORPIO
TANKERS INC.
INDEX TO
REPORT ON FORM 20-F
|
|
Page
|
|
|
|
PART
I.
|
|
|
|
|
|
ITEM
1.
|
IDENTITY
OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS
|
3
|
ITEM
2.
|
OFFER
STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
|
3
|
ITEM
3.
|
KEY
INFORMATION
|
3
|
A.
|
Selected
Financial Data
|
3
|
B.
|
Capitalization
and Indebtedness
|
6
|
C.
|
Reasons
for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
|
6
|
D.
|
Risk
Factors
|
6
|
ITEM
4.
|
INFORMATION
ON THE COMPANY
|
20
|
A.
|
History
and Development of the Company
|
20
|
B.
|
Business
Overview
|
20
|
C.
|
Organizational
Structure
|
30
|
D.
|
Property,
Plant and Equipment
|
30
|
ITEM
4A.
|
UNRESOLVED
STAFF COMMENTS
|
30
|
ITEM
5.
|
OPERATING
AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
|
30
|
A.
|
Operating
Results
|
30
|
B.
|
Liquidity
and Capital Resources
|
37
|
C.
|
Research
and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.
|
40
|
D.
|
Trend
Information
|
41
|
E.
|
Off
Balance Sheet Arrangements
|
41
|
F.
|
Tabular
Disclosure of Contractual Obligations
|
41
|
G.
|
Safe
Harbor
|
42
|
ITEM
6.
|
DIRECTORS,
SENIOR MANAGEMENT and EMPLOYEES
|
43
|
A.
|
Directors
and Senior Management
|
43
|
B.
|
Compensation
|
46
|
C.
|
Board
Practices
|
47
|
D.
|
Employees
|
47
|
E.
|
Share
Ownership
|
47
|
ITEM
7.
|
MAJOR
SHAREHOLDERS AND CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY
TRANSACTIONS
|
48
|
A.
|
Major
Shareholders
|
48
|
B.
|
Related
Party Transactions
|
48
|
C.
|
Interests
of Experts and Counsel
|
52
|
ITEM
8.
|
FINANCIAL
INFORMATION
|
52
|
A.
|
Consolidated
Statements and Other Financial Information
|
52
|
B.
|
Significant
Changes
|
53
|
ITEM
9.
|
THE
OFFER AND LISTING
|
53
|
ITEM
10.
|
ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
|
53
|
A.
|
Share
Capital
|
53
|
B.
|
Memorandum
and Articles of Association
|
53
|
C.
|
Material
Contracts
|
53
|
D.
|
Exchange
Controls
|
54
|
E.
|
Taxation
|
54
|
F.
|
Dividends
and Paying Agents
|
60
|
G.
|
Statement
by Experts
|
61
|
H.
|
Documents
on Display
|
61
|
I.
|
Subsidiary
Information
|
61
|
ITEM
11.
|
QUANTITATIVE
AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
|
61
|
ITEM
12.
|
DESCRIPTION
OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
|
62
|
|
|
|
PART
II.
|
|
|
|
|
|
ITEM
13.
|
DEFAULTS,
DIVIDENDS ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES
|
62
|
ITEM
14.
|
MATERIAL
MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF
PROCEEDS
|
62
|
ITEM
15T.
|
CONTROLS
AND PROCEDURES
|
62
|
A.
|
Disclosure
Controls and Procedures
|
62
|
B.
|
Management's
annual report on internal control over financial reporting
|
62
|
C.
|
Changes
in internal control over financial reporting
|
63
|
ITEM
16A.
|
AUDIT
COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
|
63
|
ITEM
16B.
|
CODE
OF ETHICS
|
63
|
ITEM
16C.
|
PRINCIPAL
ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
|
63
|
A.
|
Audit
Fees
|
63
|
B.
|
Audit-Related
Fees
|
63
|
C.
|
Tax
Fees
|
63
|
D.
|
All
Other Fees
|
63
|
E.
|
Audit
Committee's Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures
|
63
|
F.
|
Audit
Work Performed by Other Than Principal Accountant If Greater Than
50%
|
63
|
ITEM
16D.
|
EXEMPTIONS
FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES
|
63
|
ITEM
16E
|
PURCHASE
OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED
PURCHASERS
|
63
|
ITEM
16F.
|
CHANGE
IN REGISTRANT'S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT
|
63
|
ITEM
16G.
|
CORPORATE
GOVERNANCE
|
64
|
|
|
|
PART
III.
|
|
|
|
|
|
ITEM
17.
|
FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
|
64
|
ITEM
18.
|
FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
|
64
|
ITEM
19.
|
EXHIBITS
|
64
|
|
|
|
INDEX
TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
F-1 |
|
|
|
SIGNATURE
|
|
|
Cautionary Statement
Regarding Forward-Looking Statement
Matters
discussed in this report may constitute forward-looking statements. The Private
Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides safe harbor protections for
forward-looking statements in order to encourage companies to provide
prospective information about their business. Forward-looking statements include
statements concerning plans, objectives, goals, strategies, future events or
performance, and underlying assumptions and other statements, which are other
than statements of historical facts. The Company desires to take advantage of
the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of
1995 and is including this cautionary statement in connection with this safe
harbor legislation. The words "believe," "anticipate," "intends," "estimate,"
"forecast," "project," "plan," "potential," "may," "should," "expect," "pending"
and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements.
The
forward-looking statements in this report are based upon various assumptions,
many of which are based, in turn, upon further assumptions, including without
limitation, our management's examination of historical operating trends, data
contained in our records and other data available from third parties. Although
we believe that these assumptions were reasonable when made, because these
assumptions are inherently subject to significant uncertainties and
contingencies which are difficult or impossible to predict and are beyond our
control, we cannot assure you that we will achieve or accomplish these
expectations, beliefs or projections.
In
addition to these important factors, other important factors that, in our view,
could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in the
forward-looking statements include the failure of counterparties to fully
perform their contracts with us, the strength of world economies and currencies,
general market conditions, including fluctuations in charter rates and vessel
values, changes in demand for tanker vessel capacity, changes in our operating
expenses, including bunker prices, drydocking and insurance costs, the market
for our vessels, availability of financing and refinancing, charter counterparty
performance, ability to obtain financing and comply with covenants in such
financing arrangements, changes in governmental rules and regulations or actions
taken by regulatory authorities, potential liability from pending or future
litigation, general domestic and international political conditions, potential
disruption of shipping routes due to accidents or political events, vessels
breakdowns and instances of off-hires and other factors. Please see our Risk
Factors in Item 3 of this report for a more complete discussion of these and
other risks and uncertainties.
In this
annual report, "we", "us", "our", and the "Company", all refer to Scorpio
Tankers Inc.
ITEM
1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS
Not
applicable.
ITEM
2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
Not
applicable.
ITEM
3. KEY INFORMATION
|
A.
|
Selected
Financial Data
|
The
following table sets forth our selected consolidated financial data and other
operating data. The selected financial data in the tables as of December 31,
2009 and 2008 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31,
2009 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements, which have
been presented herein, and which have been prepared in accordance with
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the
International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). This data should be read in
conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto
included in "ITEM 18. Financial Statements" in this annual report and "ITEM 5.
Operating and Financial Review and Prospects."
The
selected financial data as of December 31, 2007 are derived from our audited
consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with
IFRS as issued by the IASB, and which are not presented herein. The selected
financial data for 2006 has not been derived from audited financial statements
as consolidated financial statements of the Company for 2006 do not exist.
Rather, the selected financial data for 2006 has been prepared by aggregating
the historical stand alone IFRS financial information of each of the three
subsidiaries which were transferred to us. In accordance with Item 3.A.1 of
Form 20-F, we are omitting fiscal year 2005 from the selected financial data as
we did not prepare consolidated financial statements for this period and such
information cannot be provided without unreasonable effort and
expense.
Prior to
October 1, 2009, our historical consolidated financial statements were prepared
on a carve-out basis from the financial statements of our parent company,
Liberty Holding Company Ltd., or Liberty. These carve-out financial
statements include all assets, liabilities and results of operations of the
three vessel-owning subsidiaries owned by us, formerly subsidiaries of Liberty,
for the periods presented. For the periods presented, certain of the expenses
incurred by these subsidiaries for commercial, technical and administrative
management services were under management agreements with other Scorpio Group
entities, which are parties related to us, consisting of Scorpio Ship Management
S.A.M., or SSM; and Scorpio Commercial Management S.A.M., or SCM; which provide
us and third parties with technical and commercial management services,
respectively; Liberty, which provides us with administrative services; and other
affiliated entities. Since agreements with related parties are by definition not
at arms length, the expenses incurred under these agreements may have been
different than the historical costs incurred if the subsidiaries had operated as
unaffiliated entities during prior periods. Our estimates of any differences
between historical expenses and the expenses that may have been incurred had the
subsidiaries been stand-alone entities have been disclosed in the notes to the
historical consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual
report.
|
|
For
the Year Ended
|
|
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
Income
Statement Data
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vessel
revenue
|
|
$ |
27,619,041 |
|
|
$ |
39,274,196 |
|
|
$ |
30,317,138 |
|
|
$ |
35,751,632 |
|
Operating
expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Charterhire
|
|
|
(3,072,916 |
) |
|
|
(6,722,334 |
) |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
Vessel
operating costs
|
|
|
(8,562,118 |
) |
|
|
(8,623,318 |
) |
|
|
(7,600,509 |
) |
|
|
(7,061,514 |
) |
General
and administrative expenses
|
|
|
(416,908 |
) |
|
|
(600,361 |
) |
|
|
(590,772 |
) |
|
|
(376,338 |
) |
Depreciation
|
|
|
(6,834,742 |
) |
|
|
(6,984,444 |
) |
|
|
(6,482,484 |
) |
|
|
(7,058,093 |
) |
Impairment
of vessels(1)
|
|
|
(4,511,877 |
) |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
Total
operating expenses
|
|
|
(23,398,561 |
) |
|
|
(22,930,457 |
) |
|
|
(14,673,765 |
) |
|
|
(14,495,945 |
) |
Operating
income
|
|
|
4,220,480 |
|
|
|
16,343,739 |
|
|
|
15,643,373 |
|
|
|
21,255,687 |
|
Other
income/(expense)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
expense - bank loan
|
|
|
(699,115 |
) |
|
|
(1,710,907 |
) |
|
|
(1,953,344 |
) |
|
|
(3,041,684 |
) |
Gain/(loss)
on derivative financial instruments
|
|
|
148,035 |
|
|
|
(2,463,648 |
) |
|
|
(1,769,166 |
) |
|
|
816,219 |
|
Interest
income
|
|
|
4,929 |
|
|
|
35,492 |
|
|
|
142,233 |
|
|
|
152,066 |
|
Other
expenses, net
|
|
|
(256,292 |
) |
|
|
(18,752 |
) |
|
|
(9,304 |
) |
|
|
(24,034 |
) |
Total
other expenses, net
|
|
$ |
(802,443 |
) |
|
$ |
(4,157,815 |
) |
|
$ |
(3,589,581 |
) |
|
$ |
(2,097,433 |
) |
Net
income
|
|
$ |
3,418,037 |
|
|
$ |
12,185,924 |
|
|
$ |
12,053,792 |
|
|
$ |
19,158,254 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividends
and earnings per common share(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted
average shares outstanding
|
|
|
5,589,147 |
|
|
|
5,589,147 |
|
|
|
5,589,147 |
|
|
|
5,589,147 |
|
Basic
earnings per share
|
|
$ |
0.61 |
|
|
$ |
2.18 |
|
|
$ |
2.16 |
|
|
$ |
3.43 |
|
Diluted
earnings per share
|
|
$ |
0.61 |
|
|
$ |
2.18 |
|
|
$ |
2.16 |
|
|
$ |
3.43 |
|
Dividends
per share
|
|
$ |
1.55 |
|
|
$ |
3.36 |
|
|
$ |
1.27 |
|
|
$ |
2.01 |
|
|
|
As
of December 31,
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
Balance
Sheet Data
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
and cash equivalents
|
|
$ |
444,496 |
|
|
$ |
3,607,635 |
|
|
$ |
1,153,743 |
|
|
$ |
6,016,470 |
|
Vessels
and drydock
|
|
$ |
99,594,267 |
|
|
$ |
109,260,102 |
|
|
$ |
116,244,546 |
|
|
$ |
122,727,030 |
|
Total
assets
|
|
$ |
104,423,386 |
|
|
$ |
117,111,827 |
|
|
$ |
122,555,022 |
|
|
$ |
137,728,758 |
|
Total
debt - bank loan
|
|
$ |
39,800,000 |
|
|
$ |
43,400,000 |
|
|
$ |
47,000,000 |
|
|
$ |
50,600,000 |
|
Shareholder
payable(3)
|
|
$ |
- |
|
|
$ |
22,028,323 |
|
|
$ |
19,433,097 |
|
|
$ |
27,612,576 |
|
Related
party payable(3)
|
|
$ |
- |
|
|
$ |
27,406,408 |
|
|
$ |
27,406,408 |
|
|
$ |
34,338,356 |
|
Total
shareholder's equity
|
|
$ |
61,328,542 |
|
|
$ |
20,299,166 |
|
|
$ |
26,897,242 |
|
|
$ |
21,936,949 |
|
|
|
For
the Year Ended
|
|
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
Cash
Flow Data
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
cash provided by/(used by):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating
activities
|
|
$ |
9,305,851 |
|
|
$ |
24,837,892 |
|
|
$ |
5,830,773 |
|
|
$ |
13,226,007 |
|
Financing
activities
|
|
$ |
(12,468,990 |
) |
|
$ |
(22,384,000 |
) |
|
$ |
(10,693,500 |
) |
|
$ |
(14,850,000 |
) |
|
(1)
|
In
the year ended December 31, 2009, we recorded an impairment of two vessels
for $4.5 million, see ITEM 5. "Operating and Financial Review and
Prospects".
|
|
(2)
|
Basic
earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net income attributable
to equity holders of the common shares by the weighted average number of
common shares outstanding assuming that the transfer of the vessel owning
subsidiaries was effective during the period. In addition, the stock split
described in Note 10 in the consolidated financial statements as of and
for the year ended December 31, 2009 has been given retroactive effect for
all periods presented herein. Diluted earnings per share are calculated by
adjusting the net income attributable to equity holders of the common
shares and the weighted average number of common shares used for
calculating basic earnings per share for the effects of all potentially
dilutive shares. Such potentially dilutive common shares are excluded when
the effect would be to increase earnings per share or reduce a loss per
share. For the periods presented, we had no potentially dilutive
common shares.
|
|
(3)
|
On
November 18, 2009, the shareholder payable and the related party
payable balances, as of that date, were converted to equity as a capital
contribution. See Note 11 in the consolidated financial statements as of
and for the year ended December 31,
2009.
|
Other
Operating Data
|
|
|
|
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For
the Year Ended December 31,
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2009
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2008
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2007
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2006
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Average
Daily Results
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Time
charter equivalent per day(4)
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|
$ |
23,423 |
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|
$ |
29,889 |
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|
$ |
27,687 |
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|
$ |
33,165 |
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Vessel
operating costs per day(5)
|
|
$ |
7,819 |
|
|
$ |
7,875 |
|
|
$ |
6,941 |
|
|
$ |
6,449 |
|
TCE
per revenue day - pool revenue
|
|
$ |
21,425 |
|
|
$ |
36,049 |
|
|
$ |
29,848 |
|
|
$ |
33,165 |
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TCE
per revenue day - time charters
|
|
$ |
24,825 |
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|
$ |
24,992 |
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|
|
24,382 |
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$ |
- |
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Expenditures
for drydock
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|
$ |
1,680,784 |
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|
$ |
- |
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$ |
- |
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|
$ |
805,845 |
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Fleet
Data(6)
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Average
number of owned vessels
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3.00 |
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3.00 |
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3.00 |
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|
3.00 |
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Average
number of time chartered-in vessels
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|
|
0.33 |
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|
|
0.59 |
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|
- |
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|
- |
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(4)
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Freight
rates are commonly measured in the shipping industry in terms of Time
charter equivalent per day (or TCE per day), which represent subtracting
voyage expenses, including bunkers and port charges, from vessel revenue
and dividing the net amount (time charter equivalent revenues) by the
number of days revenue days in the period. Revenue days are the number of
days the vessel is owned less the number of days the vessel is offhire for
drydock. Since our vessels are on time charter and operate in the pool, we
do not have voyage expenses.
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(5)
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Vessel
operating costs per day represent vessel operating costs divided by the
number of days the vessel is owned during the
period.
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(6)
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For
a definition of items listed under "Fleet Data," please see the section of
this annual report entitled ITEM 5. "Operating and Financial Review and
Prospects". We do not currently have any time chartered-in vessels and do
not intend to time charter-in any vessels into our fleet in the
future.
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B.
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Capitalization
and indebtedness
|
Not
applicable.
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C.
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Reasons
for the offer and use of proceeds
|
Not
applicable.
Some
of the following risks relate principally to the industry in which we operate
and our business in general. Other risks relate principally to the securities
market and ownership of our common stock. The occurrence of any of the events
described in this section could significantly and negatively affect our
business, financial condition, operating results or cash available for dividends
or the trading price of our common stock.
Risks
Related to Our Industry
If
the tanker industry, which historically has been cyclical, continues to be
depressed in the future, our earnings and available cash flow may be adversely
affected.
The
tanker industry is both cyclical and volatile in terms of charter rates and
profitability. The recent global financial crisis may adversely affect our
ability to charter or recharter our vessels or to sell them on the expiration or
termination of their charters and the rates payable in respect of our one vessel
currently operating in a tanker pool, or any renewal or replacement charters
that we enter into may not be sufficient to allow us to operate our vessels
profitably. Fluctuations in charter rates and tanker values result from changes
in the supply and demand for tanker capacity and changes in the supply and
demand for oil and oil products. The factors affecting the supply and demand for
tankers are outside of our control, and the nature, timing and degree of changes
in industry conditions are unpredictable.
The
factors that influence demand for tanker capacity include:
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·
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demand
for oil and oil products;
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·
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supply
of oil and oil products;
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·
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regional
availability of refining capacity;
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·
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global
and regional economic and political
conditions;
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·
|
the
distance oil and oil products are to be moved by
sea;
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·
|
changes
in seaborne and other transportation
patterns;
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|
·
|
environmental
and other legal and regulatory
developments;
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·
|
currency
exchange rates;
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·
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competition
from alternative sources of energy;
and
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·
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international
sanctions, embargoes, import and export restrictions, nationalizations and
wars.
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The
factors that influence the supply of tanker capacity include:
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·
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the
number of newbuilding deliveries;
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·
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the
scrapping rate of older vessels;
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·
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conversion
of tankers to other uses;
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·
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the
number of vessels that are out of service;
and
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·
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environmental
concerns and regulations.
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Historically,
the tanker markets have been volatile as a result of the many conditions and
factors that can affect the price, supply and demand for tanker capacity. The
recent global economic crisis may further reduce demand for transportation of
oil over longer distances and supply of tankers to carry that oil, which may
materially affect our revenues, profitability and cash flows. Four of our six
vessels operate on long-term time charters, while the remaining two vessels
operate in the Scorpio Panamax Tanker Pool and Scorpio Handymax Tanker Pool,
which are spot-market oriented. Where we plan to employ a vessel in the spot
charter market, we intend to generally place such vessel in a tanker pool
managed by our commercial manager that pertains to that vessel's size class. If
time charter or spot charter rates decline, we may be unable to achieve a level
of charterhire sufficient for us to operate our vessels profitably.
We
are partially dependent on spot charters and any decrease in spot charter rates
in the future may adversely affect our earnings.
We
currently operate a fleet of six vessels. Of those, two are employed in spot
market-oriented tanker pools, partially exposing us to fluctuations in spot
market charter rates.
We may
employ additional vessels that we may acquire in the future in the spot charter
market. Where we plan to employ a vessel in the spot charter market, we intend
to generally place such vessel in a tanker pool managed by our commercial
manager that pertains to that vessel's size class. Although spot chartering is
common in the tanker industry, the spot charter market may fluctuate
significantly based upon tanker and oil supply and demand. The successful
operation of our vessels in the competitive spot charter market, including
within Scorpio Group pools, depends upon, among other things, obtaining
profitable spot charters and minimizing, to the extent possible, time spent
waiting for charters and time spent traveling unladen to pick up cargo. The spot
market is very volatile, and, in the past, there have been periods when spot
rates have declined below the operating cost of vessels. If future spot charter
rates decline, then we may be unable to operate our vessels trading in the spot
market profitably, meet our obligations, including payments on indebtedness, or
to pay dividends in the future. Furthermore, as charter rates for spot charters
are fixed for a single voyage which may last up to several weeks, during periods
in which spot charter rates are rising, we will generally experience delays in
realizing the benefits from such increases.
Our
ability to renew the charters on our vessels on the expiration or termination of
our current charters, or on vessels that we may acquire in the future, the
charter rates payable under any replacement charters and vessel values will
depend upon, among other things, economic conditions in the sectors in which our
vessels operate at that time, changes in the supply and demand for vessel
capacity and changes in the supply and demand for the seaborne transportation of
energy resources.
Declines
in charter rates and other market deterioration could cause us to incur
impairment charges.
We
evaluate the carrying amounts of our vessels to determine if events have
occurred that would require an impairment of their carrying amounts. The
recoverable amount of vessels is reviewed based on events and changes in
circumstances that would indicate that the carrying amount of the assets might
not be recovered. The review for potential impairment indicators and projection
of future cash flows related to the vessels is complex and requires us to make
various estimates including future freight rates, earnings from the vessels and
discount rates. All of these items have been historically volatile.
We
evaluate the recoverable amount as the higher of fair value less costs to sell
and value in use. If the recoverable amount is less than the carrying amount of
the vessel, the vessel is deemed impaired. The carrying values of our vessels
may not represent their fair market value at any point in time because the new
market prices of second-hand vessels tend to fluctuate with changes in charter
rates and the cost of newbuildings. For the year ended December 31, 2009,,
charter rates in the oil and petroleum products charter market declined
significantly and Panamax vessel values also declined, both as a result of a
slowdown in the availability of global credit and the significant deterioration
in charter rates. Due to these indicators of potential impairment, in the year
ended December 31, 2009, we evaluated the recoverable amount of our vessels, and
we recognized a total impairment loss of $4.5 million for two of our vessels.
Any additional impairment charges incurred as a result of further declines in
charter rates could negatively affect our business, financial condition,
operating results or the trading price of our common shares.
An
over-supply of tanker capacity may lead to reductions in charter rates, vessel
values, and profitability.
The
market supply of tankers is affected by a number of factors such as demand for
energy resources, oil, and petroleum products, as well as strong overall
economic growth in parts of the world economy including Asia. If the capacity of
new ships delivered exceeds the capacity of tankers being scrapped and lost,
tanker capacity will increase. In addition, the newbuilding order book which
extends to 2014 equaled approximately 28% of the existing world tanker fleet and
the order book may increase further in proportion to the existing fleet. If the
supply of tanker capacity increases and if the demand for tanker capacity does
not increase correspondingly, charter rates could materially decline. A
reduction in charter rates and the value of our vessels may have a material
adverse effect on our results of operations and available cash.
Acts
of piracy on ocean-going vessels have recently increased in frequency, which
could adversely affect our business.
Acts of
piracy have historically affected ocean-going vessels trading in regions of the
world such as the South China Sea and in the Gulf of Aden off the coast of
Somalia. Throughout 2008 and 2009 and continuing through the first half of 2010,
the frequency of piracy incidents against commercial shipping vessels has
increased significantly, particularly in the Gulf of Aden off the coast of
Somalia. For example, in November 2008, the M/V Sirius Star, a tanker vessel
not affiliated with us, was captured by pirates in the Indian Ocean while
carrying crude oil estimated to be worth $100 million. If these pirate attacks
result in regions in which our vessels are deployed being characterized as "war
risk" zones by insurers, as the Gulf of Aden temporarily was in May 2008,
premiums payable for insurance coverage could increase significantly and such
coverage may be more difficult to obtain. In addition, crew costs, including
costs in connection with employing onboard security guards, could increase in
such circumstances. We may not be adequately insured to cover losses from these
incidents, which could have a material adverse effect on us. In addition, any of
these events may result in loss of revenues, increased costs and decreased cash
flows to our customers, which could impair their ability to make payments to us
under our charters.
If
the contraction of the global credit markets and the resulting volatility in the
financial markets continues or worsens that could have a material adverse impact
on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, and results of
operation.
Recently,
a number of major financial institutions have experienced serious financial
difficulties and, in some cases, have entered into bankruptcy proceedings or are
in regulatory enforcement actions. These difficulties have resulted, in part,
from declining markets for assets held by such institutions, particularly the
reduction in the value of their mortgage and asset-backed securities portfolios.
These difficulties have been compounded by a general decline in the willingness
by banks and other financial institutions to extend credit, particularly in the
shipping industry due to the historically low asset values of ships. As the
shipping industry is highly dependent on the availability of credit to finance
and expand operations, it has been negatively affected by this decline. If we
are unable to obtain additional credit or draw down upon borrowing capacity, it
may negatively impact our ability to fund current and future
obligations.
If
further emergency governmental measures are implemented in response to the
economic downturn, that could have a material adverse impact on our results of
operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Since
2008, global financial markets have experienced extraordinary disruption and
volatility following adverse changes in the global credit markets. The credit
markets in the United States have experienced significant contraction,
deleveraging and reduced liquidity, and governments around the world have taken
significant measures in response to such events, including the enactment of the
Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 in the United States, and may
implement other significant responses in the future. Securities and futures
markets and the credit markets are subject to comprehensive statutes,
regulations and other requirements. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission,
or the SEC, other regulators, self-regulatory organizations and exchanges have
enacted temporary emergency regulations and may take other extraordinary actions
in the event of market emergencies and may effect permanent changes in law or
interpretations of existing laws. We cannot predict what, if any, such measures
would be, but changes to securities, tax, environmental, or the laws of
regulations, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations,
financial condition or cash flows.
Changes
in fuel, or bunkers, prices may adversely affect profits.
Fuel, or
bunkers, is a significant, if not the largest, expense in our shipping
operations for our vessels employed on the spot market and can have a
significant impact on pool earnings. With respect to our vessels employed on
time charter, the charterer is generally responsible for the cost of fuel,
however such cost may affect the charter rates we are able to negotiate for our
vessels. Changes in the price of fuel may adversely affect our profitability.
The price and supply of fuel is unpredictable and fluctuates based on events
outside our control, including geopolitical developments, supply and demand for
oil and gas, actions by OPEC and other oil and gas producers, war and unrest in
oil producing countries and regions, regional production patterns and
environmental concerns. Further, fuel may become much more expensive in the
future, which may reduce the profitability and competitiveness of our business
versus other forms of transportation, such as truck or rail.
We
are subject to complex laws and regulations, including environmental laws and
regulations, that can adversely affect our business, results of operations, cash
flows and financial condition, and our available cash.
Our
operations are subject to numerous laws and regulations in the form of
international conventions and treaties, national, state and local laws and
national and international regulations in force in the jurisdictions in which
our vessels operate or are registered, which can significantly affect the
ownership and operation of our vessels. These requirements include, but are not
limited to, the U.S. Oil Pollution Act of 1990, or OPA, the International
Maritime Organization, or IMO, International Convention on Civil Liability for
Oil Pollution Damage of 1969 (as from time to time amended and generally
referred to as CLC), the IMO International Convention for the Prevention of
Pollution from Ships of 1973 (as from time to time amended and generally
referred to as MARPOL), the IMO International Convention for the Safety of Life
at Sea of 1974 (as from time to time amended and generally referred to as
SOLAS), the IMO International Convention on Load Lines of 1966 (as from time to
time amended) and the U.S. Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002.
Compliance with such laws and regulations, where applicable, may require
installation of costly equipment or operational changes and may affect the
resale value or useful lives of our vessels. We may also incur additional costs
in order to comply with other existing and future regulatory obligations,
including, but not limited to, costs relating to air emissions including
greenhouse gases, the management of ballast waters, maintenance and inspection,
elimination of tin-based paint, development and implementation of emergency
procedures and insurance coverage or other financial assurance of our ability to
address pollution incidents. The recent oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico may also
result in additional regulatory initiatives or statutes that may affect our
operations or require us to incur additional expenses to comply with such
regulatory initiatives or statues.
These
costs could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of
operations, cash flows and financial condition and our available cash. A failure
to comply with applicable laws and regulations may result in administrative and
civil penalties, criminal sanctions or the suspension or termination of our
operations. Environmental laws often impose strict liability for remediation of
spills and releases of oil and hazardous substances, which could subject us to
liability without regard to whether we were negligent or at fault. Under OPA,
for example, owners, operators and bareboat charterers are jointly and severally
strictly liable for the discharge of oil in U.S. waters, including the
200-nautical mile exclusive economic zone around the United States. An oil spill
could also result in significant liability, including fines, penalties, criminal
liability and remediation costs for natural resource damages under other
international and U.S. federal, state and local laws, as well as third-party
damages, and could harm our reputation with current or potential charterers of
our tankers. We are required to satisfy insurance and financial responsibility
requirements for potential oil (including marine fuel) spills and other
pollution incidents. Although we have arranged insurance to cover certain
environmental risks, there can be no assurance that such insurance will be
sufficient to cover all such risks or that any claims will not have a material
adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial
condition and available cash.
If
we fail to comply with international safety regulations, we may be subject to
increased liability, which may adversely affect our insurance coverage and may
result in a denial of access to, or detention in, certain ports.
The
operation of our vessels is affected by the requirements set forth in the IMO's
International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and Pollution
Prevention, or the ISM Code. The ISM Code requires shipowners, ship managers and
bareboat charterers to develop and maintain an extensive "Safety Management
System" that includes the adoption of a safety and environmental protection
policy setting forth instructions and procedures for safe operation and
describing procedures for dealing with emergencies. If we fail to comply with
the ISM Code, we may be subject to increased liability or our existing insurance
coverage may be invalidated or decreased for our affected vessels. Such failure
may also result in a denial of access to, or detention in, certain ports. Each
of our vessels, as well our technical manager, SSM, is currently ISM
Code-certified.
The
market values of our vessels may decrease, which could cause us to breach
covenants in our credit facilities and adversely affect our operating
results.
The
market values of tankers have generally experienced high volatility. The market
prices for tankers declined significantly from historically high levels reached
in early 2008 and remain at relatively low levels. You should expect the market
value of our vessels to fluctuate depending on general economic and market
conditions affecting the shipping industry and prevailing charterhire rates,
competition from other shipping companies and other modes of transportation,
types, sizes and ages of vessels, applicable governmental regulations and the
cost of newbuildings. If the market value of our fleet declines, we may not be
able to obtain other financing or incur debt on terms that are acceptable to us.
Further, while we believe that the current aggregate market value of our vessels
will be in excess of loan to value amounts required under our credit facility,
which requires that the fair market value of the vessels pledged as collateral
never be less than 150% of the aggregate principal amount outstanding. A
decrease in these values could cause us to breach certain covenants that are
contained in our credit facility and in future financing agreements that we may
enter into from time to time. If the recoverable amounts of our vessels further
decline and we do breach such covenants and we are unable to remedy the relevant
breach, our lenders could accelerate our debt and foreclose on vessels in our
fleet. If we sell any vessel at any time when vessel prices have fallen and
before we have recorded an impairment adjustment to our financial statements,
the sale may be at less than the vessel's carrying amount on our financial
statements, resulting in a loss and a reduction in earnings. Please see the
section of this annual report entitled "The International Tanker Industry" in
Item 4.B. for information concerning historical prices of tankers.
If
our vessels suffer damage due to the inherent operational risks of the tanker
industry, we may experience unexpected drydocking costs and delays or total loss
of our vessels, which may adversely affect our business and financial
condition.
Our
vessels and their cargoes will be at risk of being damaged or lost because of
events such as marine disasters, bad weather, business interruptions caused by
mechanical failures, grounding, fire, explosions and collisions, human error,
war, terrorism, piracy and other circumstances or events. For example, our
vessel, Senatore,
suffered damage to one of its ballast tanks in April 2010, which required a
repair. Changing economic, regulatory and political conditions in some
countries, including political and military conflicts, have from time to time
resulted in attacks on vessels, mining of waterways, piracy, terrorism, labor
strikes and boycotts. These hazards may result in death or injury to persons,
loss of revenues or property, environmental damage, higher insurance rates,
damage to our customer relationships, market disruptions, delay or rerouting. In
addition, the operation of tankers has unique operational risks associated with
the transportation of oil. An oil spill may cause significant environmental
damage, and the associated costs could exceed the insurance coverage available
to us. Compared to other types of vessels, tankers are exposed to a higher risk
of damage and loss by fire, whether ignited by a terrorist attack, collision, or
other cause, due to the high flammability and high volume of the oil transported
in tankers.
If our
vessels suffer damage, they may need to be repaired at a drydocking facility.
The costs of drydock repairs are unpredictable and may be substantial. We may
have to pay drydocking costs that our insurance does not cover in full. The loss
of revenues while these vessels are being repaired and repositioned, as well as
the actual cost of these repairs, may adversely affect our business and
financial condition. In addition, space at drydocking facilities is sometimes
limited and not all drydocking facilities are conveniently located. We may be
unable to find space at a suitable drydocking facility or our vessels may be
forced to travel to a drydocking facility that is not conveniently located to
our vessels' positions. The loss of earnings while these vessels are forced to
wait for space or to travel to more distant drydocking facilities may adversely
affect our business and financial condition. Further, the total loss of any of
our vessels could harm our reputation as a safe and reliable vessel owner and
operator. If we are unable to adequately maintain or safeguard our vessels, we
may be unable to prevent any such damage, costs, or loss which could negatively
impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and available
cash.
We
operate our vessels worldwide and as a result, our vessels are exposed to
international risks which may reduce revenue or increase expenses.
The
international shipping industry is an inherently risky business involving global
operations. Our vessels are at a risk of damage or loss because of events such
as mechanical failure, collision, human error, war, terrorism, piracy, cargo
loss and bad weather. In addition, changing economic, regulatory and political
conditions in some countries, including political and military conflicts, have
from time to time resulted in attacks on vessels, mining of waterways, piracy,
terrorism, labor strikes and boycotts. These sorts of events could interfere
with shipping routes and result in market disruptions which may reduce our
revenue or increase our expenses.
International
shipping is subject to various security and customs inspection and related
procedures in countries of origin and destination and trans-shipment points.
Inspection procedures can result in the seizure of the cargo and/or our vessels,
delays in the loading, offloading or delivery and the levying of customs duties,
fines or other penalties against us. It is possible that changes to inspection
procedures could impose additional financial and legal obligations on us.
Furthermore, changes to inspection procedures could also impose additional costs
and obligations on our customers and may, in certain cases, render the shipment
of certain types of cargo uneconomical or impractical. Any such changes or
developments may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of
operations, cash flows, financial condition and available cash.
Political
instability, terrorist or other attacks, war or international hostilities can
affect the tanker industry, which may adversely affect our
business.
We
conduct most of our operations outside of the United States, and our business,
results of operations, cash flows, financial condition and available cash may be
adversely affected by the effects of political instability, terrorist or other
attacks, war or international hostilities. Terrorist attacks such as the attacks
on the United States on September 11, 2001, the bombings in Spain on
March 11, 2004 and in London on July 7, 2005 and the continuing
response of the international community to these attacks, as well as the threat
of future terrorist attacks, continue to contribute to world economic
instability and uncertainty in global financial markets. As a result of the
above, insurers have increased premiums and reduced or restricted coverage for
loses caused by terrorist acts generally. Future terrorist attacks could result
in increased volatility of the financial markets and negatively impact the U.S.
and global economy. These uncertainties could also adversely affect our ability
to obtain additional financing on terms acceptable to us or at all.
In the
past, political instability has also resulted in attacks on vessels, such as the
attack on the M/T Limburg
in October 2002, mining of waterways and other efforts to disrupt
international shipping, particularly in the Arabian Gulf region. Acts of
terrorism and piracy have also affected vessels trading in regions such as the
South China Sea and the Gulf of Aden off the coast of Somalia. Any of these
occurrences could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial
condition, results of operations and available cash.
If
our vessels call on ports located in countries that are subject to restrictions
imposed by the U.S. government, that could adversely affect our reputation and
the market for our common stock.
From time
to time, vessels in our fleet may call on ports located in countries subject to
sanctions and embargoes imposed by the U.S. government and countries identified
by the U.S. government as state sponsors of terrorism. Although these sanctions
and embargoes do not prevent our vessels from making calls to ports in these
countries, potential investors could view such port calls negatively, which
could adversely affect our reputation and the market for our common stock. In
addition, certain institutional investors may have investment policies or
restrictions that prevent them from holding securities of companies that have
contracts with countries identified by the U.S. government as state sponsors of
terrorism. The determination by these investors not to invest in or to divest
our common shares may adversely affect the price at which our common shares
trade. Investor perception of the value of our common stock may be adversely
affected by the consequences of war, the effects of terrorism, civil unrest and
governmental actions in these and surrounding countries.
Maritime
claimants could arrest our vessels, which would have a negative effect on our
cash flows.
Crew
members, suppliers of goods and services to a vessel, shippers of cargo and
other parties may be entitled to a maritime lien against a vessel for
unsatisfied debts, claims or damages. In many jurisdictions, a maritime lien
holder may enforce its lien by arresting or attaching a vessel through
foreclosure proceedings. The arrest or attachment of one or more of our vessels
could interrupt our business or require us to pay large sums of money to have
the arrest lifted, which would have a negative effect on our cash
flows.
In
addition, in some jurisdictions, such as South Africa, under the "sister ship"
theory of liability, a claimant may arrest both the vessel which is subject to
the claimant's maritime lien and any "associated" vessel, which is any vessel
owned or controlled by the same owner. Claimants could try to assert "sister
ship" liability against one vessel in our fleet for claims relating to another
of our ships.
Governments
could requisition our vessels during a period of war or emergency, which may
negatively impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and
available cash.
A
government could requisition for title or seize our vessels. Requisition for
title occurs when a government takes control of a vessel and becomes the owner.
Also, a government could requisition our vessels for hire. Requisition for hire
occurs when a government takes control of a vessel and effectively becomes the
charterer at dictated charter rates. Generally, requisitions occur during a
period of war or emergency. Government requisition of one or more of our vessels
may negatively impact our business, financial condition, results of operations
and available cash.
Technological
innovation could reduce our charterhire income and the value of our
vessels.
The
charterhire rates and the value and operational life of a vessel are determined
by a number of factors including the vessel's efficiency, operational
flexibility and physical life. Efficiency includes speed, fuel economy and the
ability to load and discharge cargo quickly. Flexibility includes the ability to
enter harbors, utilize related docking facilities and pass through canals and
straits. The length of a vessel's physical life is related to its original
design and construction, its maintenance and the impact of the stress of
operations. If new tankers are built that are more efficient or more flexible or
have longer physical lives than our vessels, competition from these more
technologically advanced vessels could adversely affect the amount of
charterhire payments we receive for our vessels once their initial charters
expire and the resale value of our vessels could significantly decrease. As a
result, our available cash could be adversely affected.
If
labor interruptions are not resolved in a timely manner, they could have a
material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows,
financial condition and available cash.
We,
indirectly through SSM, employ masters, officers and crews to man our vessels.
If not resolved in a timely and cost-effective manner, industrial action or
other labor unrest could prevent or hinder our operations from being carried out
as we expect and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results
of operations, cash flows, financial condition and available cash.
Risks
Related To Our Business
We
have a limited history of operations on which investors may assess our
performance.
We were
formed on July 1, 2009, and our initial three vessel-owning subsidiaries
were transferred to us on October 1, 2009. We have a limited performance
record and operating history, and, therefore, limited historical financial
information, upon which you can evaluate our operating performance, ability to
implement and achieve our business strategy or ability to pay dividends in the
future. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in implementing our
business strategy. We have recently acquired additional vessels but our initial
fleet was composed of only three vessels with a relatively short operating
history. As a newly formed company, we will face certain operational challenges
not faced by companies with a longer operating history.
We
have a limited history operating as a publicly traded entity and will incur
increased costs in 2010 as a result of being a publicly traded
corporation.
We have
only operated as a public company since April 2010. As a public company, we will
incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as
a private company. Our incremental general and administrative expenses as a
publicly traded corporation will include costs associated with annual reports to
shareholders, tax returns, investor relations, registrar and transfer agent's
fees, incremental director and officer liability insurance costs and director
compensation.
Obligations
associated with being a public company require significant company resources and
management attention.
We have
recently become subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and the other rules and
regulations of the SEC, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that we evaluate and
determine the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting.
If we have a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting,
we may not detect errors on a timely basis and our financial statements may be
materially misstated. We will need to dedicate a significant amount of time and
resources to ensure compliance with these regulatory requirements.
We will
work with our legal, accounting and financial advisors to identify any areas in
which changes should be made to our financial and management control systems to
manage our growth and our obligations as a public company. We will evaluate
areas such as corporate governance, corporate control, internal audit,
disclosure controls and procedures and financial reporting and accounting
systems. We will make changes in any of these and other areas, including our
internal control over financial reporting, which we believe are necessary.
However, these and other measures we may take may not be sufficient to allow us
to satisfy our obligations as a public company on a timely and reliable basis.
In addition, compliance with reporting and other requirements applicable to
public companies will create additional costs for us and will require the time
and attention of management. Our limited management resources may exacerbate the
difficulties in complying with these reporting and other requirements while
focusing on executing our business strategy. Our incremental general and
administrative expenses as a publicly traded corporation will include costs
associated with annual reports to shareholders, tax returns, investor relations,
registrar and transfer agent's fees, incremental director and officer liability
insurance costs and director compensation .
We cannot predict or estimate the amount of the additional costs we
may incur, the timing of such costs or the degree of impact that our
management's attention to these matters will have on our business.
If
we do not identify suitable tankers for acquisition or successfully integrate
any acquired tankers, we may not be able to grow or to effectively manage our
growth.
One of
our principal strategies is to continue to grow by expanding our operations and
adding to our fleet. Our future growth will depend upon a number of factors,
some of which may not be within our control. These factors include our ability
to:
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identify
suitable tankers and/or shipping companies for acquisitions at attractive
prices;
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obtain
required financing for our existing and new
operations;
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identify
businesses engaged in managing, operating or owning tankers for
acquisitions or joint ventures;
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integrate
any acquired tankers or businesses successfully with our existing
operations;
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hire,
train and retain qualified personnel and crew to manage and operate our
growing business and fleet;
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identify
additional new markets; and
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improve
our operating, financial and accounting systems and
controls.
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Our
failure to effectively identify, purchase, develop and integrate any tankers or
businesses could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results
of operations. The number of employees that perform services for us and our
current operating and financial systems may not be adequate as we implement our
plan to expand the size of our fleet, and we may not be able to effectively hire
more employees or adequately improve those systems. Finally, acquisitions may
require additional equity issuances or debt issuances (with amortization
payments), both of which could lower available cash. If we are unable to execute
the points noted above, our financial condition may be adversely
affected.
Growing
any business by acquisition presents numerous risks such as undisclosed
liabilities and obligations, difficulty in obtaining additional qualified
personnel and managing relationships with customers and suppliers and
integrating newly acquired operations into existing infrastructures. The
expansion of our fleet may impose significant additional responsibilities on our
management and staff, and the management and staff of our commercial and
technical managers, and may necessitate that we, and they, increase the number
of personnel. We cannot give any assurance that we will be successful in
executing our growth plans or that we will not incur significant expenses and
losses in connection with such growth plans.
Delays
in deliveries of additional vessels, our decision to cancel an order for
purchase of a vessel or our inability to otherwise complete the acquisitions of
additional vessels for our fleet, could harm our operating results.
We expect
to purchase additional vessels from time to time. For example, since our initial
public offering in April 2010, we agreed to purchase an additional six vessels,
of which three have been delivered and three are scheduled to be delivered by
September 2010. The delivery of these vessels could be delayed, not completed or
cancelled, which would delay or eliminate our expected receipt of revenues from
the employment of these vessels. The seller could fail to deliver these vessels
to us as agreed, or we could cancel a purchase contract because the seller has
not met its obligations.
If the
delivery of any vessel is materially delayed or cancelled, especially if we have
committed the vessel to a charter for which we become responsible for
substantial liquidated damages to the customer as a result of the delay or
cancellation, our business, financial condition and results of operations could
be adversely affected.
We
will not be able to take advantage of favorable opportunities in the current
spot market with respect to vessels employed on medium- to long-term time
charters.
As of the
date of this annual report, we employed four tankers under fixed rate long-term
time charter agreements with an average remaining duration of approximately
eight months.
Vessels committed to medium- and long-term charters may not be available for
spot charters during periods of increasing charterhire rates, when spot charters
might be more profitable. Where we plan to employ a vessel in the spot charter
market, we intend to generally place such vessel in a tanker pool managed by our
commercial manager that pertains to that vessel's size class.
If
we purchase and operate secondhand vessels, we will be exposed to increased
operating costs which could adversely affect our earnings and, as our fleet
ages, the risks associated with older vessels could adversely affect our ability
to obtain profitable charters.
Our
current business strategy includes additional growth through the acquisition of
new and secondhand vessels. While we typically inspect secondhand vessels prior
to purchase, this does not provide us with the same knowledge about their
condition that we would have had if these vessels had been built for and
operated exclusively by us. Generally, we do not receive the benefit of
warranties from the builders for the secondhand vessels that we
acquire.
In
general, the costs to maintain a vessel in good operating condition increase
with the age of the vessel. Older vessels are typically less fuel-efficient than
more recently constructed vessels due to improvements in engine technology.
Cargo insurance rates increase with the age of a vessel, making older vessels
less desirable to charterers.
Governmental
regulations, safety or other equipment standards related to the age of vessels
may require expenditures for alterations, or the addition of new equipment, to
our vessels and may restrict the type of activities in which the vessels may
engage. As our vessels age, market conditions may not justify those expenditures
or enable us to operate our vessels profitably during the remainder of their
useful lives.
An
increase in operating costs would decrease earnings and available
cash.
Under the
charter agreements for four of our vessels, the charterer is responsible for
voyage costs and we are responsible for the vessel operating costs. Under the
tanker pool agreement for two of our vessels, the pool is responsible for the
voyage expenses and we are responsible for vessel costs. Our vessel operating
costs include the costs of crew, fuel (for spot chartered vessels), provisions,
deck and engine stores, insurance and maintenance and repairs, which depend on a
variety of factors, many of which are beyond our control. Some of these costs,
primarily relating to insurance and enhanced security measures implemented after
September 11, 2001, have been increasing. If our vessels suffer damage,
they may need to be repaired at a drydocking facility. The costs of drydocking
repairs are unpredictable and can be substantial. Increases in any of these
expenses would decrease earnings and available cash.
If
we are unable to operate our vessels profitably, we may be unsuccessful in
competing in the highly competitive international tanker market, which would
negatively affect our financial condition and our ability to expand our
business.
The
operation of tanker vessels and transportation of crude and petroleum products
is extremely competitive, in an industry that is capital intensive and highly
fragmented. The recent global financial crisis may reduce the demand for
transportation of oil and oil products which could lead to increased
competition. Competition arises primarily from other tanker owners, including
major oil companies as well as independent tanker companies, some of whom have
substantially greater resources than we do. Competition for the transportation
of oil and oil products can be intense and depends on price, location, size,
age, condition and the acceptability of the tanker and its operators to the
charterers. We will have to compete with other tanker owners, including major
oil companies as well as independent tanker companies.
Our
market share may decrease in the future. We may not be able to compete
profitably as we expand our business into new geographic regions or provide new
services. New markets may require different skills, knowledge or strategies than
we use in our current markets, and the competitors in those new markets may have
greater financial strength and capital resources than we do.
If
we do not set aside funds and are unable to borrow or raise funds for vessel
replacement, at the end of a vessel's useful life our revenue will decline,
which would adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial
condition, and available cash.
If we do
not set aside funds and are unable to borrow or raise funds for vessel
replacement, we will be unable to replace the vessels in our fleet upon the
expiration of their remaining useful lives, which we expect to occur from 2026
to 2033, depending on the vessel. Our cash flows and income are dependent on the
revenues earned by the chartering of our vessels. If we are unable to replace
the vessels in our fleet upon the expiration of their useful lives, our
business, results of operations, financial condition, and available cash per
share would be adversely affected. Any funds set aside for vessel replacement
will reduce available cash.
Our
ability to obtain additional debt financing may be dependent on the performance
of our then existing charters and the creditworthiness of our
charterers.
The
actual or perceived credit quality of our charterers, and any defaults by them,
may materially affect our ability to obtain the additional capital resources
that we will require to purchase additional vessels or may significantly
increase our costs of obtaining such capital. Our inability to obtain additional
financing at all or at a higher than anticipated cost may materially affect our
results of operation and our ability to implement our business
strategy.
United
States tax authorities could treat us as a "passive foreign investment company,"
which could have adverse United States federal income tax consequences to United
States holders.
A foreign
corporation will be treated as a "passive foreign investment company," or PFIC,
for United States federal income tax purposes if either (1) at least 75% of
its gross income for any taxable year consists of certain types of "passive
income" or (2) at least 50% of the average value of the corporation's
assets produce or are held for the production of those types of "passive
income." For purposes of these tests, "passive income" includes dividends,
interest, and gains from the sale or exchange of investment property and rents
and royalties other than rents and royalties which are received from unrelated
parties in connection with the active conduct of a trade or business. For
purposes of these tests, income derived from the performance of services does
not constitute "passive income." United States shareholders of a PFIC are
subject to a disadvantageous United States federal income tax regime with
respect to the income derived by the PFIC, the distributions they receive from
the PFIC and the gain, if any, they derive from the sale or other disposition of
their shares in the PFIC.
We should
not be a PFIC with respect to any taxable year. Based upon our operations
as described herein, we do not believe that our income from our time charters
should be treated as passive income for purposes of determining whether we are a
PFIC. Accordingly, our income from our time chartering activities should
not constitute "passive income," and the assets that we own and operate in
connection with the production of that income should not constitute passive
assets.
There is
substantial legal authority supporting this position consisting of case law and
United States Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, pronouncements concerning the
characterization of income derived from time charters and voyage charters as
services income for other tax purposes. However, it should be noted that
there is also authority which characterizes time charter income as rental income
rather than services income for other tax purposes. Accordingly, no
assurance can be given that the IRS or a court of law will accept this position,
and there is a risk that the IRS or a court of law could determine that we are a
PFIC. Moreover, no assurance can be given that we would not constitute a
PFIC for any future taxable year if the nature and extent of our operations
change.
If the
IRS were to find that we are or have been a PFIC for any taxable year, our
United States shareholders would face adverse United States federal income tax
consequences and information reporting requirements. Under the PFIC rules,
unless those shareholders make an election available under the Code (which
election could itself have adverse consequences for such shareholders, as
discussed below under Item 10.E. "Taxation—United States Federal Income
Taxation—United States Federal Income Taxation of United States Holders"), such
shareholders would be liable to pay United States federal income tax at the then
prevailing income tax rates on ordinary income plus interest, in respect of
excess distributions and upon any gain from the disposition of their common
shares, as if the excess distribution or gain had been recognized ratably over
the shareholder's holding period of the common shares. See Item 10.E.
"Taxation—United States Federal Income Taxation—United States Federal Income
Taxation of United States Holders" for a more comprehensive discussion of the
United States federal income tax consequences to United States shareholders if
we are treated as a PFIC.
We
may have to pay tax on United States source shipping income, which would reduce
our earnings.
Under the
United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or the Code, 50% of the gross
shipping income of a corporation that owns or charters vessels, as we and our
subsidiaries do, that is attributable to transportation that begins or ends, but
that does not both begin and end, in the United States may be subject to a 4%
United States federal income tax without allowance for deduction, unless that
corporation qualifies for exemption from tax under Section 883 of the Code
and the applicable Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder.
For
taxable years after our initial public offering, we and our subsidiaries intend
to take the position that we qualify for this statutory tax exemption for United
States federal income tax return reporting purposes. However, there are
factual circumstances beyond our control that could cause us to lose the benefit
of this tax exemption after the offering and thereby become subject to United
States federal income tax on our United States source shipping income. For
example, in certain circumstances we may no longer qualify for exemption under
Code section 883 for a particular taxable year if shareholders with a five
percent or greater interest in our common shares owned, in the aggregate, 50% or
more of our outstanding common shares for more than half the days during the
taxable year. Due to the factual nature of the issues involved, there can
be no assurances on the tax-exempt status of us or any of our
subsidiaries.
If we or
our subsidiaries were not entitled to exemption under Section 883 for any
taxable year, they could be subject for such year to an effective 2% United
States federal income tax on the shipping income they derive during the year
which is attributable to the transport or cargoes to or from the United
States. The imposition of this taxation would have a negative effect on our
business and would decrease our earnings available for distribution to our
shareholders.
Any
dividends paid by us may not qualify for preferential rates of United States
federal income taxation in the hands of United States non-corporate
holders.
We expect
that any dividends paid on our common shares to a United States shareholder who
is an individual, trust or estate will generally be treated as "qualified
dividend income" that is taxable at preferential United States federal income
tax rates (through 2010). Our dividends will be so treated provided that
(1) our common shares are readily tradable on an established securities
market in the United States (such as the New York Stock Exchange, on which our
common stock is traded); (2) we are not a PFIC for the taxable year during
which the dividend is paid or the immediately preceding taxable year (which we
have not been, are not and do not anticipate being in the future); (3) the
recipient of the dividend has owned the common shares for more than 60 days in
the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the date on which the common shares
become ex-dividend; and (4) the recipient of the dividend is not under an
obligation to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially
similar or related property.
There is
no assurance that any dividends paid on our common stock will be eligible for
these preferential rates in the hands of a United States non-corporate
shareholder. For example, under current law, the preferential rate for qualified
dividend income is scheduled to expire on December 31, 2010. If the
preferential rate for such dividends is not extended, then any dividends paid by
us after December 31, 2010 will be treated as ordinary income. In addition,
legislation has been previously introduced in the United States Congress which,
if enacted in its present form, would preclude our dividends from qualifying for
such preferential rates prospectively from the date of enactment. Finally, as
discussed in more detail in Item 10.E. "Taxation—United States Federal Income
Tax Considerations—Passive Foreign Investment Company Status and Significant Tax
Consequences," we could be treated as a passive foreign investment company for
the taxable year in which we pay the dividend or the immediately preceding
taxable year.
We
will be required to make additional capital expenditures to expand the number of
vessels in our fleet and to maintain all our vessels, which will be dependent on
additional financing.
Our
business strategy is based in part upon the expansion of our fleet through the
purchase of additional vessels beyond the three vessels we have agreed to
acquire. We currently have outstanding commitments to purchase three additional
vessels for an aggregate purchase of approximately $73.0 million. If we are
unable to fulfill our obligations under the memorandum of agreement for future
vessel acquisitions, the sellers of such vessels may be permitted to terminate
such contracts and we may forfeit all or a portion of the down payments we
already made under such contracts, and we may be sued for any outstanding
balance.
In
addition, we will incur significant maintenance costs for our existing and any
newly-acquired vessels. A newbuilding vessel must be drydocked within five years
of its delivery from a shipyard, and vessels are typically drydocked every 30
months thereafter, not including any unexpected repairs. We estimate the cost to
drydock a vessel to be between $400,000 and $900,000, depending on the size and
condition of the vessel and the location of drydocking.
Risks
Related To Our Relationship With Scorpio Group and Its Affiliates
We
are dependent on our managers and there may be conflicts of interest between us
and our managers that may not be resolved in our favor.
Our
success depends to a significant extent upon the abilities and efforts of our
technical manager, SSM, our commercial manager, SCM, and our management team.
Our success will depend upon our and our managers' ability to hire and retain
key members of our management team. The loss of any of these individuals could
adversely affect our business prospects and financial condition.
Difficulty
in hiring and retaining personnel could adversely affect our results of
operations. We do not maintain "key man" life insurance on any of our
officers.
Our
technical and commercial managers are affiliates of Scorpio Group, which is
owned and controlled by the Lolli-Ghetti family, of which our founder, Chairman
and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Emanuele Lauro, is a member. Conflicts of
interest may arise between us, on the one hand, and our commercial and technical
managers, on the other hand. As a result of these conflicts, our commercial and
technical managers, who have limited contractual duties, may favor their own or
their owner's interests over our interests. These conflicts may have unfavorable
results for us.
Our
founder, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer has affiliations with our
commercial and technical managers which may create conflicts of
interest.
Emanuele
Lauro, our founder, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, is a member of the
Lolli-Ghetti family which owns and controls our commercial and technical
managers and owns 30.1% of our outstanding common shares as of the date of this
annual report. These responsibilities and relationships could create conflicts
of interest between us, on the one hand, and our commercial and technical
managers, on the other hand. These conflicts may arise in connection with the
chartering, purchase, sale and operations of the vessels in our fleet versus
vessels managed by other companies affiliated with our commercial or technical
managers. Our commercial and technical managers may give preferential treatment
to vessels that are time chartered in by related parties because our founder,
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and members of his family may receive
greater economic benefits. In particular, our commercial and technical managers
currently provide commercial and technical management services to approximately
74 and 16 vessels respectively, other than the vessels in our fleet, that are
owned or operated by entities affiliated with Mr. Lauro, and such entities
may acquire additional vessels that will compete with our vessels in the future.
Such conflicts may have an adverse effect on our results of
operations.
Our
Chief Executive Officer and President do not devote all of their time to our
business, which may hinder our ability to operate successfully.
Messrs.
Lauro and Bugbee, our Chief Executive Officer and President, respectively, are
involved in other business activities with members of the Scorpio Group, which
may result in their spending less time than is appropriate or necessary to
manage our business successfully. Based solely on the anticipated relative sizes
of our initial fleet and the fleet owned by members of the Scorpio Group over
the next twelve months, we estimate that Messrs. Lauro and Bugbee will
spend approximately 70-85% of their monthly business time on our business
activities and their remaining time on the business of members of the Scorpio
Group. However, the actual allocation of time could vary significantly from time
to time depending on various circumstances and needs of the businesses, such as
the relative levels of strategic activities of the businesses. This could have a
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of
operations and cash flows.
Our
commercial and technical managers are each privately held companies and there is
little or no publicly available information about them.
SCM is
our commercial manager and SSM is our technical manager. SCM's and SSM's ability
to render management services will depend in part on their own financial
strength. Circumstances beyond our control could impair our commercial manager's
or technical manager's financial strength, and because each is a privately held
company, information about the financial strength of our commercial manager and
technical manager is not available. As a result, we and an investor in our
securities might have little advance warning of financial or other problems
affecting our commercial manager or technical manager even though their
financial or other problems could have a material adverse effect on us and our
security holders.
We
are subject to certain risks with respect to our counterparties on contracts,
and failure of such counterparties to meet their obligations could cause us to
suffer losses or negatively impact our results of operations and cash
flows.
We have
entered into various contracts, including charter agreements with our customers,
consisting of four long-term fixed-rate charter agreements and two tanker pool
agreements, and our credit facility entered into in June 2010,. Such agreements
subject us to counterparty risks. The ability of each of our counterparties to
perform its obligations under a contract with us will depend on a number of
factors that are beyond our control and may include, among other things, general
economic conditions, the condition of the maritime and offshore industries, the
overall financial condition of the counterparty, charter rates received for
specific types of vessels, and various expenses. For example, the combination of
a reduction of cash flow resulting from declines in world trade, a reduction in
borrowing bases under reserve-based credit facilities and the lack of
availability of debt or equity financing may result in a significant reduction
in the ability of our charterers to make charter payments to us. In addition, in
depressed market conditions, our charterers and customers may no longer need a
vessel that is currently under charter or contract or may be able to obtain a
comparable vessel at lower rates. As a result, charterers and customers may seek
to renegotiate the terms of their existing charter agreements or avoid their
obligations under those contracts. Should a counterparty fail to honor its
obligations under agreements with us, we could sustain significant losses which
could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition,
results of operations and cash flows.
The
failure of our charterers to meet their obligations under our time charter
agreements, on which we depend for a majority of our revenues, could cause us to
suffer losses or otherwise adversely affect our business.
As of the
date of this annual report, we employed four tankers under fixed rate long-term
time charter agreements with an average remaining duration of approximately
eight months. The ability and willingness of each of our counterparties to
perform its obligations under a time charter agreement with us will depend on a
number of factors that are beyond our control and may include, among other
things, general economic conditions, the condition of the tanker shipping
industry and the overall financial condition of the counterparties. Charterers
are sensitive to the commodity markets and may be impacted by market forces
affecting commodities such oil. In addition, in depressed market conditions,
there have been reports of charterers renegotiating their charters or defaulting
on their obligations under charters. Our customers may fail to pay charterhire
or attempt to renegotiate charter rates. Should a counterparty fail to honor its
obligations under agreements with us, it may be difficult to secure substitute
employment for such vessel, and any new charter arrangements we secure in the
spot market or on time charters may be at lower rates given currently decreased
tanker charter rate levels. Where we plan to employ a vessel in the spot charter
market, we intend to generally place such vessel in a tanker pool managed by our
commercial manager that pertains to that vessel's size class. If our charterers
fail to meet their obligations to us or attempt to renegotiate our charter
agreements, we could sustain significant losses which could have a material
adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and
cash flows, as well as our ability to pay dividends, if any, in the future, and
compliance with covenants in our credit facilities.
Our
charterers may terminate or default on their charters, which could adversely
affect our results of operations and cash flow.
Our
charters may terminate earlier than the dates indicated in this annual report.
The terms of our charters vary as to which events or occurrences will cause a
charter to terminate or give the charterer the option to terminate the charter,
but these generally include a total or constructive loss of the relevant vessel,
the requisition for hire of the relevant vessel, the drydocking of the relevant
vessel for a certain period of time or the failure of the relevant vessel to
meet specified performance criteria. In addition, the ability of each of our
charterers to perform its obligations under a charter will depend on a number of
factors that are beyond our control. These factors may include general economic
conditions, the condition of the tanker industry, the charter rates received for
specific types of vessels and various operating expenses. The costs and delays
associated with the default by a charterer under a charter of a vessel may be
considerable and may adversely affect our business, results of operations, cash
flows and financial condition and our available cash.
We cannot
predict whether our charterers will, upon the expiration of their charters,
re-charter our vessels on favorable terms or at all. If our charterers decide
not to re-charter our vessels, we may not be able to re-charter them on terms
similar to our current charters or at all. In the future, we may also employ our
vessels on the spot charter market, which is subject to greater rate fluctuation
than the time charter market. Where we plan to employ a vessel in the spot
charter market, we intend to generally place such vessel in a tanker pool
managed by our commercial manager that pertains to that vessel's size
class.
If we
receive lower charter rates under replacement charters or are unable to
re-charter all of our vessels, our available cash may be significantly reduced
or eliminated.
Our
insurance may not be adequate to cover our losses that may result from our
operations due to the inherent operational risks of the tanker
industry.
We carry
insurance to protect us against most of the accident-related risks involved in
the conduct of our business, including marine hull and machinery insurance,
protection and indemnity insurance, which includes pollution risks, crew
insurance and war risk insurance. However, we may not be adequately insured to
cover losses from our operational risks, which could have a material adverse
effect on us. Additionally, our insurers may refuse to pay particular claims and
our insurance may be voidable by the insurers if we take, or fail to take,
certain action, such as failing to maintain certification of our vessels with
applicable maritime regulatory organizations. Any significant uninsured or
under-insured loss or liability could have a material adverse effect on our
business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition and our
available cash. In addition, we may not be able to obtain adequate insurance
coverage at reasonable rates in the future during adverse insurance market
conditions.
As a
result of the September 11, 2001 attacks, the U.S. response to the attacks
and related concern regarding terrorism, insurers have increased premiums and
reduced or restricted coverage for losses caused by terrorist acts generally.
Accordingly, premiums payable for terrorist coverage have increased
substantially and the level of terrorist coverage has been significantly
reduced.
Because
we obtain some of our insurance through protection and indemnity associations,
which result in significant expenses to us, we may be required to make
additional premium payments.
We may be
subject to increased premium payments, or calls, in amounts based on our claim
records, the claim records of our managers, as well as the claim records of
other members of the protection and indemnity associations through which we
receive insurance coverage for tort liability, including pollution-related
liability. In addition, our protection and indemnity associations may not have
enough resources to cover claims made against them. Our payment of these calls
could result in significant expense to us, which could have a material adverse
effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows, financial condition
and available cash.
Risks
Related To Our Indebtedness
Servicing
debt, which we may incur in the future, would limit funds available for other
purposes and if we cannot service our debt, we may lose our
vessels.
Borrowing
under our credit facility requires us to dedicate a part of our cash flow from
operations to paying interest on our indebtedness. These payments limit funds
available for working capital, capital expenditures and other purposes,
including further equity or debt financing in the future. Amounts borrowed under
our credit facility bear interest at variable rates. Increases in prevailing
rates could increase the amounts that we would have to pay to our lenders, even
though the outstanding principal amount remains the same, and our net income and
cash flows would decrease. We expect our earnings and cash flow to vary from
year to year due to the cyclical nature of the tanker industry. If we do not
generate or reserve enough cash flow from operations to satisfy our debt
obligations, we may have to undertake alternative financing plans, such
as:
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seeking
to raise additional capital;
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refinancing
or restructuring our debt;
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reducing
or delaying capital investments.
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However,
these alternative financing plans, if necessary, may not be sufficient to allow
us to meet our debt obligations. If we are unable to meet our debt obligations
or if some other default occurs under our credit facility, the lender could
elect to declare that debt, together with accrued interest and fees, to be
immediately due and payable and proceed against the collateral vessels securing
that debt even though the majority of the proceeds used to purchase the
collateral vessels did not come from our credit facility.
Our
credit facility contains restrictive covenants which limit the amount of cash
that we may use for other corporate activities, which could negatively affect
our growth and cause our financial performance to suffer.
Our
credit facility imposes operating and financial restrictions on us. These
restrictions limit our ability, or the ability of our subsidiaries party thereto
to:
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pay
dividends and make capital expenditures if we do not repay amounts drawn
under our credit facility or if there is another default under our credit
facility;
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·
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incur
additional indebtedness, including the issuance of
guarantees;
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create
liens on our assets;
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change
the flag, class or management of our vessels or terminate or materially
amend the management agreement relating to each
vessel;
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merge
or consolidate with, or transfer all or substantially all our assets to,
another person; or
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enter
into a new line of business.
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Therefore,
we will need to seek permission from our lenders in order to engage in some
corporate actions. Our lenders' interests may be different from ours and we may
not be able to obtain our lenders' permission when needed. This may limit our
ability to pay dividends to you if we determine to do so in the future, finance
our future operations or capital requirements, make acquisitions or pursue
business opportunities.
If
the recent volatility in LIBOR rates continues, it will affect the interest rate
under our credit facility which could affect our profitability, earnings and
cash flow.
Amounts
borrowed under our credit facility bear interest at an annual rate ranging from
3.0% to 3.5% above LIBOR. LIBOR rates have recently been volatile, with the
spread between those rates and prime lending rates widening significantly at
times. These conditions are the result of the recent disruptions in the
international credit markets. Because the interest rates borne by amounts that
we may drawdown under our credit facility fluctuate with changes in the LIBOR
rates, if this volatility were to continue, it would affect the amount of
interest payable on amounts that we were to drawdown from our credit facility,
which in turn, would have an adverse effect on our profitability, earnings and
cash flow.
ITEM
4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
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A.
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History
and Development of the Company
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Scorpio Tankers Inc. was incorporated
in the Republic of the Marshall Islands on July 1, 2009 by Simon Financial
Limited, or Simon, the 100% owner of Liberty Holding Company Ltd., or Liberty.
On October 1, 2009, Simon transferred to Scorpio Tankers Inc. three vessel
owning and operating subsidiary companies. Prior to becoming a public company,
the operating subsidiaries were owned by Simon. On April 6, 2010, we closed the
issuance of 12,500,000 shares of common stock at $13.00 per share in our initial
public offering and received net proceeds of $149.6 million, after deducting
underwriters' discounts and offering expenses. A subsidiary of Liberty
retained ownership of the 5,589,147 shares it owned before the offering. Our
principal executive offices are located at 9, Boulevard Charles III, Monaco
98000. Our telephone number is +377-9798-5716. Our stock trades on
the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol STNG.
On April
9, 2010, we repaid in full the outstanding balance of $38.9 million of our 2005
Credit Facility from the proceeds of the initial public offering.
On April
19 and 22, 2010, we entered into agreements to purchase four double-hulled
Handymax tankers for an aggregate purchase price of $99.0 million. The ships,
which are charter-free, are scheduled to be delivered by September
2010. Three of the ships, STI Conqueror, STI Gladiator and STI Matador, were built at
the Shina Shipbuilding Co. Ltd. in South Korea, two ships in 2003; one ship in
2005. The fourth ship, STI Highlander, was built at
the Hyundai Mipo Dockyard in South Korea in 2007.
On May 4,
2010, we closed the issuance of 450,000 shares of common stock at $13.00 and
received $5.4 million, after deducting underwriters' discounts, when the
underwriters in the Company's initial public offering partially exercised their
over-allotment option.
On May
13, 2010, we entered into agreements to purchase two LR1 ice class 1A product
tankers (STI Heritage
and STI Harmony) each
with an existing short-term time charter contract. The two ships were
built in 2008 and 2007 at the Onomichi Dockyard in Japan. The
aggregate purchase price of $92.0 million includes an estimated $2.5 million
related to the value of their existing time charter contracts. The
time charter contracts of $25,500 per day per ship plus 50% profit sharing over
the base rate expire in October 2010 (plus or minus 30 days) for the vessel
built in 2007 and January 2011 (plus or minus 30 days) for the vessel built in
2008. The time charters, which were signed in 2007, are with a
related party of Scorpio Tankers Inc.
On June
9, 2010, we announced that we took delivery of three products tanker vessels
that the Company previously agreed to acquire. Two of the tankers are LR1 ice
class 1A sister ships, STI
Harmony and STI
Heritage were acquired for an aggregate price of $92.0 million, which
includes an estimated $2.5 million related to the value of the existing time
charter contracts. The third vessel delivered was STI Conqueror, which is an
ice class 1B ship, and was acquired for $26.0 million.
We are
engaged in seaborne transportation of crude oil and refined petroleum products
in the international shipping markets. Our fleet as of December 31,
2009 consisted of three wholly owned tankers (two LR1 product tankers and one
post-Panamax tanker). As of the date of this annual report, we have
taken delivery of three additional vessels. Below is our fleet list as of the
date of this annual report:
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Time
Charter Info
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Ice
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Daily
Base
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Vessel
Name
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Year
Built
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DWT
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Class
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Employment
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Rate
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Expiry
(A)
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1 |
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Noemi
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2004 |
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72,515 |
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- |
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Time
Charter (B)
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$ |
24,500 |
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21-Jan-2012
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2 |
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Senatore
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2004 |
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72,514 |
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- |
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Time
Charter
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$ |
26,000 |
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04-Oct-2010
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3 |
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Venice
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2001 |
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81,408 |
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1C |
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SPTP
(C)
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N/A |
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N/A |
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4 |
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STI
Conqueror
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2005 |
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40,158 |
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1B |
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SHTP
(D)
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N/A |
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N/A |
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5 |
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STI
Harmony
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2007 |
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73,919 |
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1A |
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Time
Charter (E)
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$ |
25,500 |
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17-Oct-2010
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6 |
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STI
Heritage
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2008 |
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73,919 |
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1A |
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Time
Charter (E)
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$ |
25,500 |
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08-Jan-2011
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414,433 |
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Vessels
Agreed to be Acquired :
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1 |
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STI
Gladiator
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2003 |
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40,083 |
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- |
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SHTP
(D)
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N/A |
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N/A |
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2 |
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STI
Matador
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2003 |
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40,096 |
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- |
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SHTP
(D)
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N/A |
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N/A |
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3 |
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STI
Highlander
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2007 |
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37,145 |
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1A |
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SHTP
(D)
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N/A |
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N/A |
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117,324 |
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531,757 |
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(A)
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Redelivery
from the charterer is plus or minus 30 days from the expiry
date.
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(B)
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Noemi is time chartered
by King Dustin, which is a related party.
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(C)
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The
vessel operates in the Scorpio Panamax Tanker Pool Ltd., or
SPTP. The SPTP is operated by Scorpio Commercial
Management, or SCM. SPTP and SCM are related parties to the
Company.
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(D)
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The
vessel operates in Scorpio Handymax Tanker Pool Ltd., or
SHTP. The SHTP is operated by Scorpio Commercial
Management. SHTP and SCM are related parties to the
Company.
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(E)
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STI Harmony and STI Heritage were
acquired with their existing time charter contracts that commenced in
October 2007 and January 2008, respectively. The vessels are
chartered to subsidiaries of Liberty, which are related
parties.
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Operations
We
operate our vessels on time charters or in commercial pools (such as the Scorpio
Panamax Tanker Pool and Scorpio Handymax Tanker Pool). As of the date
of this annual report:
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·
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Noemi,
Senatore, STI Harmony and STI Heritage were on time
charters.
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·
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Venice
was operating in the Scorpio Panamax Tanker
Pool.
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·
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STI
Conqueror was operating in the Scorpio Handymax Tanker
Pool.
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The
remaining vessels that we have agreed to acquire will enter the Scorpio Handymax
Tanker Pool upon delivery.
Time
Charters
Time charters give us a fixed and
stable cash flow for a known period of time. Time charters also
mitigate in part the seasonality of the spot market business, which is generally
weaker in the second and third quarters of the year. In the future,
we may opportunistically look to enter our vessels into time charter contracts.
We may also enter into time charter contracts with profit sharing agreements,
which enable us to benefit if the spot market increases.
Commercial Pools
To
increase vessel utilization and thereby revenues, we participate in commercial
pools with other shipowners of similar modern, well-maintained vessels. By
operating a large number of vessels as an integrated transportation system,
commercial pools offer customers greater flexibility and a higher level of
service while achieving scheduling efficiencies. Pools employ experienced
commercial charterers and operators who have close working relationships with
customers and brokers, while technical management is performed by each
shipowner. Pools negotiate charters with customers primarily in the spot market.
The size and scope of these pools enable them to enhance utilization rates for
pool vessels by securing backhaul voyages and COAs, thus generating higher
effective TCE revenues than otherwise might be obtainable in the spot market
while providing a higher level of service offerings to customers.
Commercial
Management Agreement
Our
vessels are commercially managed by Scorpio Commercial Management S.A.M., or
SCM. SCM is a related party and SCM's services include securing
employment, in the spot market and on time charters, for the Company's vessels.
SCM also manages the Scorpio Panamax Tanker Pool and the Scorpio Handymax Tanker
Pool. When our vessels operate in one of the commercial pools managed
by SCM, we pay SCM an agent fee of $250 per vessel per day plus 1.25% commission
per charter fixture. When our vessels are operating outside of such
commercial pools, we pay SCM a fee of $250 per vessel per day plus a 1.25%
commission of gross revenues per charter fixture for Panamax and LR1 vessels and
$300 per vessel per day for Handymax vessels, which are the same fees SCM
charges third parties.
We signed
commercial management agreements in December 2009 for Noemi, Senatore and Venice for a period of three
years, which may be terminated upon a two year notice. We have also
signed similar agreements for the vessels that we acquired and agreed to acquire
so far in 2010, and we expect to sign similar agreements for additional vessels
that may acquire in the future.
Technical
Management Agreement
Our
vessels are technically managed by Scorpio Ship Management S.A.M., or SSM, a
related party, with the exception of two vessels we have recently acquired which
are being technically managed by unaffiliated technical manager. SSM
is owned by members of the Lolli-Ghetti family. SSM facilitates vessel support
such as crew, provisions, deck and engine stores, insurance, maintenance and
repairs, and other services as necessary to operate the Company's vessels such
as drydocks and vetting/inspection under a technical management agreement. We
currently pay SSM $548 per vessel per day to provide technical management
services for each of our vessels.
We signed
the technical management agreements in December 2009 for a period of three
years, which may be terminated upon a two year notice. We have also signed
similar agreements for the vessels that we acquired and agreed to acquire so far
in 2010, and we expect to sign similar agreements for additional vessels that
may acquire in the future.
Administrative
Services Agreement
We have
an administrative services agreement with Liberty, or our
Administrator. Liberty provides accounting, legal compliance,
financial, information technology services, and the provision of administrative
staff and office space. We will reimburse our Administrator for the reasonable
direct or indirect expenses it incurs in providing us with the administrative
services described above. Liberty also arranges vessel sales and
purchases for us. Liberty sub-contracts its responsibilities to other entities
within the Scorpio Group.
We will
also pay our Administrator a fee for arranging vessel purchases and sales for
us, equal to 1% of the gross purchase or sale price, payable upon the
consummation of any such purchase or sale. For the three vessels (STI
Conqueror, STI Harmony and STI Heritage) purchased as of the date of this annual
report, the Administrator earned $1.2 million. We believe this 1% fee on
purchases and sales is customary in the tanker industry.
Further,
pursuant to our administrative services agreement, Liberty, on behalf of itself
and other members of the Scorpio Group, has agreed that it will not directly own
product or crude tankers ranging in size from 35,000 dwt to 200,000
dwt.
Our
administrative services agreement, whose effective commencement began in
December 2009, has a duration of three years.
The
International Tanker Market
International
seaborne oil and petroleum products transportation services are mainly provided
by two types of operators: major oil company captive fleets (both private and
state-owned) and independent shipowner fleets. Both types of
operators transport oil under short-term contracts (including single-voyage
"spot charters") and long-term time charters with oil companies, oil traders,
large oil consumers, petroleum product producers and government
agencies. The oil companies own, or control through long-term time
charters, approximately one third of the current world tanker capacity, while
independent companies own or control the balance of the fleet. The
oil companies use their fleets not only to transport their own oil, but also to
transport oil for third-party charterers in direct competition with independent
owners and operators in the tanker charter market.
The
current international financial crisis is affecting the international tanker
market. It is expected that the global fleet will increase during 2010 because
of the present order book. However, some shipping companies are now facing
challenges in financing their large newbuilding programs, as shipping banks are
more restrictive than before in granting credit. The current financial upheaval
may delay deliveries of newbuildings and may also lead to the cancellation of
newbuilding orders, and there have been reports of cancellations of tanker
newbuildings from certain yards. Shipping companies with high debt or other
financial commitments may be unable to continue servicing their debt, which
could lead to foreclosure on vessels.
The oil
transportation industry has historically been subject to regulation by national
authorities and through international conventions. Over recent years,
however, an environmental protection regime has evolved which has a significant
impact on the operations of participants in the industry in the form of
increasingly more stringent inspection requirements, closer monitoring of
pollution-related events, and generally higher costs and potential liabilities
for the owners and operators of tankers.
In order
to benefit from economies of scale, tanker charterers will typically charter the
largest possible vessel to transport oil or products, consistent with port and
canal dimensional restrictions and optimal cargo lot sizes. A
tanker's carrying capacity is measured in deadweight tons, or dwt, which is the
amount of crude oil measured in metric tons that the vessel is capable of
loading. The oil tanker fleet is generally divided into the following
five major types of vessels, based on vessel carrying capacity: (i) Ultra Large
Crude Carrier, or ULCC, with a size range of approximately 320,000 to 450,000
dwt; (ii) Very Large Crude Carrier, or VLCC, with a size range of approximately
200,000 to 320,000 dwt; (iii) Suezmax-size range of approximately 120,000 to
200,000 dwt; (iv) Aframax-size range of approximately 80,000 to 120,000 dwt; (v)
Panamax-size range of approximately 60,000 to 70,000 dwt; and (v) small tankers
of less than approximately 60,000 dwt. ULCCs and VLCCs typically
transport crude oil in long-haul trades, such as from the Arabian Gulf to
Rotterdam via the Cape of Good Hope. Suezmax tankers also engage in
long-haul crude oil trades as well as in medium-haul crude oil trades, such as
from West Africa to the East Coast of the United States. Aframax-size
vessels generally engage in both medium-and short-haul trades of less than 1,500
miles and carry crude oil or petroleum products. Smaller tankers
mostly transport petroleum products in short-haul to medium-haul
trades.
The 2009 Tanker Market
(Source: Fearnleys)
Following the onset of the global
financial crisis in 2008, expectations, in general terms, were quite dismal for
2009. In a broader sense, the tanker market fared quite poorly in 2009, but had
huge discrepancies between the various sub-segments.
The oil tanker fleet is generally
divided into five major categories of vessels, based on carrying capacity and
the types of cargoes carried. A tanker's carrying capacity is
measured in dwt, which is the amount of crude oil measured in metric tons that
the vessel is capable of loading. In the single voyage market the VLCC, whose
carrying capacity ranges from 200,000 dwt to 320,000 dwt, reached an average of
about $29,000 per day, a significant decrease from $88,000 per day in 2008.
Suezmaxes, whose carrying capacity ranges from 120,000 dwt to 200,000 dwt,
achieved an average rate of $31,500 per day, down from $67,000 the year before.
Corresponding rates for Aframaxes, whose carrying capacity ranges from 80,000
dwt to 120,000 dwt, were $10,000 per day compared with $50,000 per day in 2008.
In comparison with asset values the Suezmax market showed the strongest
resilience in the downturn.
Seaborne crude oil trade, measured in
ton-miles, declined approximately 1.0% in 2009. This was markedly
less than anticipated. Crude oil imports to the United States declined
approximately 7.5%, but transportation work declined by about 13.5%. This was,
to a certain degree, offset by strongly increased imports to China resulting in
the U.S. becoming the second largest crude oil importing country.
The use of tankers for floating storage
increased in 2009. At the beginning of the year as a pure commodity price play
(contango in the oil futures market) but later in the year a significant number
of tankers were employed for storage due to brimming on-shore storage
facilities. For greater parts of the year more than 30 VLCCs were employed in
storage.
Periodically the crude tanker spot
market yielded negative time charter results during 2009. It was expected that
several single-hull, or SH, ships would have been sold for demolition given the
IMO phase out of SH ships scheduled for 2010. However, demolition sales were low
and only 8 VLCCs and 2 Suezmax tankers were sold for demolition. Currently,
according to Fearnresearch, the world fleet contains 66 SH VLCCs and 24 SH
Suezmax tankers that, given strict adherence to the IMO phase out schedule, are
supposed to cease oil trading by the end of 2010.
According to data from Fearnresearch,
in 2009 a total of 55 VLCCs and 46 Suezmax tankers were delivered from yards.
The Suezmax fleet expanded by 13% and the VLCC fleet by 8% (both measured by
deadweight). In total, net tanker fleet growth ended at 8.6%. Following the
decline in crude oil prices in mid-2008, prices gradually rose throughout 2009
despite the fact that global oil demand decreased 1.2 millions of barrels per
day, or mb/d, or 1.4%, to 85 mb/d. OPEC crude oil production declined 2.5 mb/d,
or 8%, to 28.7 mb/d, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA). OPEC
NGL (Natural Gas Liquids) production was only marginally up compared to
2008.
The sale and purchase market for
tankers, measured by the number of transactions, decreased again in 2009. A
total of about 155 transactions were concluded. There are several reasons for
this decline, but primarily the difficulties in securing financing for
acquisitions must be considered the prime cause. Secondly, the market was
characterized by few sellers willing to take losses on either newbuildings
ordered at record price levels or existing vessels purchased at the height of
the market in 2007/08.
The International Energy Agency, or
IEA, in their latest market report, has become quite optimistic for growth in
global oil demand in 2010. According to their May 2010 report global demand is
estimated to increase 2.0% this year. At the same time, the downturn
in North Sea output as well as new infrastructure in the FSU (Former Soviet
Union) will have a quite negative impact on demand for short-haul crude oil
tankers. A similar development is observed in North America where Mexican crude
oil output is expected to continue falling. Both of these developments are
expected to have a negative impact on Aframax tankers whereas the effects for
Suezmax and VLCC crude tankers will be quite positive as crude oil has to be
sourced in areas farther away generating a significant growth in transportation
work.
Environmental
and Other Regulations
Government
laws and regulations significantly affect the ownership and operation of our
tankers. We are subject to international conventions, national, state and local
laws and regulations in force in the countries in which our vessels may operate
or are registered. Compliance with such laws, regulations and other requirements
entails significant expense, including vessel modifications and implementation
of certain operating procedures.
A variety
of government, quasi-governmental and private organizations subject our tankers
to both scheduled and unscheduled inspections. These organizations include the
local port authorities, national authorities, harbor masters or equivalent,
classification societies, flag state administrations (countries of registry),
labor organizations (including but not limited to the International Transport
Workers' Federation), charterers, terminal operators and oil companies. Some of
these entities require us to obtain permits, licenses, certificates and
approvals for the operation of our tankers. Our failure to maintain necessary
permits, licenses, certificates or approvals could require us to incur
substantial costs or temporarily suspend operation of one or more of the vessels
in our fleet, or lead to the invalidation or reduction of our insurance
coverage.
We
believe that the heightened levels of environmental and quality concerns among
insurance underwriters, regulators and charterers have led to greater inspection
and safety requirements on all vessels and may accelerate the scrapping of older
vessels throughout the tanker industry. Increasing environmental concerns have
created a demand for tankers that conform to stricter environmental standards.
We are required to maintain operating standards for all of our vessels that
emphasize operational safety, quality maintenance, continuous training of our
officers and crews and compliance with applicable local, national and
international environmental laws and regulations. Such laws and regulations
frequently change and may impose increasingly strict requirements. We cannot
predict the ultimate cost of complying with these requirements, or the impact of
these requirements on the resale value or useful lives of our tankers. In
addition, a future serious marine incident that results in significant oil
pollution or otherwise causes significant adverse environmental impact could
result in additional legislation or regulation that could negatively affect our
profitability.
International
Maritime Organization
The IMO,
the United Nations agency for maritime safety and the prevention of pollution,
has adopted the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from
Ships, or MARPOL, which has been updated through various amendments. MARPOL
establishes environmental standards relating to oil leakage or spilling, garbage
management, sewage, air emissions, handling and disposal of noxious liquids and
the handling of harmful substances in packaged forms.
Air
Emissions
In
September 1997, the IMO adopted Annex VI to MARPOL to address air pollution
from ships. Effective May 2005, Annex VI sets limits on sulfur oxide and
nitrogen oxide emissions from all commercial vessel exhausts and prohibits
deliberate emissions of ozone depleting substances (such as halons and
chlorofluorocarbons), emissions of volatile organic compounds from cargo tanks,
and the shipboard incineration of specific substances. Annex VI also
includes a global cap on the sulfur content of fuel oil and allows for special
areas to be established with more stringent controls on sulfur
emissions. Additional or new conventions, laws and regulations may be
adopted that could require the installation of expensive emission control
systems and adversely affect our business, cash flows, results of operations and
financial condition. In October 2008, the IMO adopted amendments to Annex VI
regarding emissions of sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide, particulate matter and
ozone-depleting substances, which amendments enter into force on July 1,
2010. The amended Annex VI will reduce air pollution from vessels by, among
other things, (i) implementing a progressive reduction of sulfur oxide
emissions from ships by reducing the global sulfur fuel cap initially to 3.50%
(from the current cap of 4.50%), effective from January 1, 2012, then
progressively to 0.50%, effective from January 1, 2020, subject to a
feasibility review to be completed no later than 2018; and
(ii) establishing new tiers of stringent nitrogen oxide emissions standards
for new marine engines, depending on their date of installation. The United
States ratified the Annex VI amendments in October 2008, and the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, promulgated equivalent emissions
standards in late 2009.
The
Marine Environment Protection Committee, or MEPC, has designated the area
extending 200 miles from the territorial sea baseline adjacent to the
Atlantic/Gulf and Pacific coasts and the eight main Hawaiian Islands as an
Emission Control Area, or ECA, under the Annex VI amendments. The new ECA will
enter into force in August 2012, whereupon fuel used by all vessels operating in
the ECA cannot exceed 1.0% sulfur, dropping to 0.1% sulfur in 2015. From 2016,
nitrogen oxide after-treatment requirements will also apply. If other ECAs are
approved by the IMO or other new or more stringent requirements relating to
emissions from marine diesel engines or port operations by vessels are adopted
by the EPA or the states where we operate, compliance with these regulations
could entail significant capital expenditures or otherwise increase the costs of
our operations.
Safety
Management System Requirements
The IMO
also adopted the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, or
SOLAS, and the International Convention on Load Lines, or LL, which impose a
variety of standards that regulate the design and operational features of
ships. The IMO periodically revises the SOLAS and LL
standards.
Our
operations are also subject to environmental standards and requirements
contained in the International Safety Management Code for the Safe Operation of
Ships and for Pollution Prevention, or ISM Code, promulgated by the IMO under
SOLAS. The ISM Code requires the party with operational control of a vessel
to develop an extensive safety management system that includes, among other
things, the adoption of a safety and environmental protection policy setting
forth instructions and procedures for operating its vessels safely and
describing procedures for responding to emergencies. We rely upon the
safety management system that has been developed for our vessels for compliance
with the ISM Code.
The ISM
Code requires that vessel operators also obtain a safety management certificate
for each vessel they operate. This certificate evidences compliance by a
vessel's management with code requirements for a safety management
system. No vessel can obtain a certificate unless its manager has been
awarded a document of compliance, issued by each flag state, under the ISM
Code. SSM has obtained documents of compliance for its offices and safety
management certificates for all of our vessels for which the certificates are
required by the ISM Code. These documents of compliance and safety management
certificates are renewed as required.
Noncompliance
with the ISM Code and other IMO regulations may subject the shipowner or
bareboat charterer to increased liability, may lead to decreases in, or
invalidation of, available insurance coverage for affected vessels and may
result in the denial of access to, or detention in, some ports. The U.S. Coast
Guard and European Union authorities have indicated that vessels not in
compliance with the ISM Code by the applicable deadlines will be prohibited from
trading in U.S. and European Union ports, as the case may be.
Pollution
Control and Liability Requirements
IMO has
negotiated international conventions that impose liability for pollution in
international waters and the territorial waters of the signatory nations to such
conventions. For example, many countries have ratified and follow the
liability plan adopted by the IMO and set out in the International Convention on
Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, or the CLC, although the United States
is not a party. Under this convention and depending on whether the country
in which the damage results is a party to the 1992 Protocol to the CLC, a
vessel's registered owner is strictly liable, subject to certain affirmative
defenses, for pollution damage caused in the territorial waters of a contracting
state by discharge of persistent oil. The limits on liability outlined in
the 1992 Protocol use the International Monetary Fund currency unit of Special
Drawing Rights, or SDR. The right to limit liability is forfeited under the
CLC where the spill is caused by the shipowner's actual fault and under the 1992
Protocol where the spill is caused by the shipowner's intentional or reckless
conduct. Vessels trading with states that are parties to these conventions
must provide evidence of insurance covering the liability of the owner. In
jurisdictions where the CLC has not been adopted, various legislative schemes or
common law govern, and liability is imposed either on the basis of fault or in a
manner similar to that of the CLC. We believe that our protection and
indemnity insurance will cover the liability under the plan adopted by the
IMO.
The IMO
adopted the International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution
Damage, or the Bunker Convention, to impose strict liability on ship owners for
pollution damage in jurisdictional waters of ratifying states caused by
discharges of bunker fuel. The Bunker Convention, which became effective on
November 21, 2008, requires registered owners of ships over 1,000 gross
tons to maintain insurance or other financial security for pollution damage in
an amount equal to the limits of liability under the applicable national or
international limitation regime (but not exceeding the amount calculated in
accordance with the Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims of
1976, as amended). With respect to non-ratifying states, liability for spills or
releases of oil carried as fuel in ship's bunkers typically is determined by the
national or other domestic laws in the jurisdiction where the events or damages
occur.
In
addition, IMO adopted an International Convention for the Control and Management
of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments, or BWM, in February 2004. BWM's
implementing regulations call for a phased introduction of mandatory ballast
water exchange requirements, to be replaced in time with mandatory concentration
limits. BWM will not become effective until 12 months after it has been
adopted by 30 states, the consolidated merchant fleets of which represent not
less than 35% of the gross tonnage of the world's merchant shipping. To
date, there has not been sufficient adoption of this standard for it to
take force.
The IMO
continues to review and introduce new regulations. It is impossible to predict
what additional regulations, if any, may be passed by the IMO and what effect,
if any, such regulations might have on our operations.
U.S.
Regulations
The U.S.
Oil Pollution Act of 1990, or OPA, established an extensive regulatory and
liability regime for the protection and cleanup of the environment from oil
spills. OPA affects all owners and operators whose vessels trade in the
United States, its territories and possessions or whose vessels operate in U.S.
waters, which includes the U.S. territorial sea and its 200 nautical mile
exclusive economic zone. The United States has also enacted the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, or CERCLA,
which applies to the discharge of hazardous substances other than oil, whether
on land or at sea. Both OPA and CERCLA impact our operations.
Under
OPA, vessel owners, operators and bareboat charterers are "responsible parties"
and are jointly, severally and strictly liable (unless the spill results solely
from the act or omission of a third party, an act of God or an act of war) for
all containment and clean-up costs and other damages arising from discharges or
threatened discharges of oil from their vessels. OPA defines these other
damages broadly to include:
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natural
resources damage and related assessment
costs;
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real
and personal property damage;
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net
loss of taxes, royalties, rents, fees and other lost
revenues;
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·
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lost
profits or impairment of earning capacity due to property or natural
resources damage; and
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net
cost of public services necessitated by a spill response, such as
protection from fire, safety or health hazards, and loss of subsistence
use of natural resources.
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Effective
July 31, 2009, the U.S. Coast Guard adjusted the limits of OPA liability to
the greater of $2,000 per gross ton or $17.088 million for any double-hull
tanker that is over 3,000 gross tons (subject to possible adjustment for
inflation), and our fleet is entirely composed of vessels of this size class.
CERCLA, which applies to owners and operators of vessels, contains a similar
liability regime and provides for cleanup, removal and natural resource
damages. Liability under CERCLA is limited to the greater of $300 per gross
ton or $5 million for vessels carrying a hazardous substance as cargo and the
greater of $300 per gross ton or $0.5 million for any other vessel. These OPA
and CERCLA limits of liability do not apply if an incident was directly caused
by violation of applicable U.S. federal safety, construction or operating
regulations or by a responsible party's gross negligence or willful misconduct,
or if the responsible party fails or refuses to report the incident or to
cooperate and assist in connection with oil removal activities.
OPA and
the U.S. Coast Guard also require owners and operators of vessels to establish
and maintain with the U.S. Coast Guard evidence of financial responsibility
sufficient to meet the limit of their potential liability under OPA and CERCLA.
Vessel owners and operators may satisfy their financial responsibility
obligations by providing a proof of insurance, a surety bond, self-insurance or
a guaranty. We plan to comply with the U.S. Coast Guard's financial
responsibility regulations by providing a certificate of responsibility
evidencing sufficient self-insurance.
The oil
spill in the Gulf of Mexico that began in April 2010 may also result in
additional regulatory initiatives or statutes, including the raising of
liability caps under OPA, that may affect our operations or require us to incur
additional expenses to comply with such regulatory initiatives or
statutes.
We expect
to maintain pollution liability coverage insurance in the amount of
$1 billion per incident for each of our vessels. If the damages from a
catastrophic spill were to exceed our insurance coverage, it could have a
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of
operations and cash flows.
The U.S.
Clean Water Act, or CWA, prohibits the discharge of oil or hazardous substances
in U.S. navigable waters unless authorized by a duly-issued permit or exemption,
and imposes strict liability in the form of penalties for any unauthorized
discharges. The CWA also imposes substantial liability for the costs of
removal and remediation and damages and complements the remedies available under
OPA and CERCLA.
The EPA
regulates the discharge of ballast water and other substances in U.S. waters
under the CWA. Effective February 6, 2009, EPA regulations require vessels
79 feet in length or longer (other than commercial fishing and recreational
vessels) to comply with a Vessel General Permit authorizing ballast water
discharges and other discharges incidental to the operation of vessels. The
Vessel General Permit imposes technology and water-quality based effluent limits
for certain types of discharges and establishes specific inspection,
monitoring, recordkeeping and reporting requirements to ensure the effluent
limits are met. U.S. Coast Guard regulations adopted under the U.S.
National Invasive Species Act, or NISA, also impose mandatory ballast water
management practices for all vessels equipped with ballast water tanks entering
or operating in U.S. waters, and in 2009 the Coast Guard proposed new ballast
water management standards and practices, including limits regarding ballast
water releases. Compliance with the EPA and the U.S. Coast Guard regulations
could require the installation of equipment on our vessels to treat ballast
water before it is discharged or the implementation of other port facility
disposal arrangements or procedures at potentially substantial cost, and/or
otherwise restrict our vessels from entering U.S. waters.
European
Union Regulations
In
October 2009, the European Union amended a directive to impose criminal
sanctions for illicit ship-source discharges of polluting substances, including
minor discharges, if committed with intent, recklessly or with serious
negligence and the discharges individually or in the aggregate result in
deterioration of the quality of water. Criminal liability for pollution may
result in substantial penalties or fines and increased civil liability
claims.
Greenhouse
Gas Regulation
In
February 2005, the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change, or UNFCCC, which we refer to as the Kyoto Protocol, entered into
force. Pursuant to the Kyoto Protocol, adopting countries are required to
implement national programs to reduce emissions of certain gases, generally
referred to as greenhouse gases, which are suspected of contributing to global
warming. Currently, the emissions of greenhouse gases from international
shipping are not subject to the Kyoto Protocol. However, international
negotiations are continuing with respect to a successor to the Kyoto Protocol,
which sets emission reduction targets through 2012, and restrictions on shipping
emissions may be included in any new treaty. In December 2009, more than 27
nations, including the United States and China, signed the Copenhagen Accord,
which includes a non-binding commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The
European Union has indicated that it intends to propose an expansion of the
existing European Union emissions trading scheme to include emissions of
greenhouse gases from vessels, if such emissions are not regulated through the
IMO or the UNFCCC by December 31, 2010. In the United States, the EPA has
issued a final finding that greenhouse gases threaten public health and safety,
and has proposed regulations governing the emission of greenhouse gases from
motor vehicles and stationary sources. The EPA may decide in the future to
regulate greenhouse gas emissions from ships and has already been petitioned by
the California Attorney General to regulate greenhouse gas emissions from
ocean-going vessels. Other federal and state regulations relating to the control
of greenhouse gas emissions may follow, including the climate change initiatives
that are being considered in the U.S. Congress. In addition, the IMO is
evaluating various mandatory measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from
international shipping, including market-based instruments. Any passage of
climate control legislation or other regulatory initiatives by the EU, U.S., IMO
or other countries where we operate that restrict emissions of greenhouse gases
could require us to make significant financial expenditures that we cannot
predict with certainty at this time.
Vessel
Security Regulations
Since the
terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, there have been a variety of
initiatives intended to enhance vessel security. On November 25, 2002, the
U.S. Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002, or the MTSA, came into
effect. To implement certain portions of the MTSA, in July 2003, the U.S.
Coast Guard issued regulations requiring the implementation of certain security
requirements aboard vessels operating in waters subject to the jurisdiction of
the United States. Similarly, in December 2002, amendments to SOLAS created
a new chapter of the convention dealing specifically with maritime security. The
new chapter became effective in July 2004 and imposes various detailed
security obligations on vessels and port authorities, most of which are
contained in the International Ship and Port Facilities Security Code, or the
ISPS Code. The ISPS Code is designed to protect ports and international shipping
against terrorism. After July 1, 2004, to trade internationally, a vessel
must attain an International Ship Security Certificate from a recognized
security organization approved by the vessel's flag state. Among the various
requirements are:
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on-board
installation of automatic identification systems to provide a means for
the automatic transmission of safety-related information from among
similarly equipped ships and shore stations, including information on a
ship's identity, position, course, speed and navigational
status;
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on-board
installation of ship security alert systems, which do not sound on the
vessel but only alert the authorities on
shore;
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the
development of vessel security
plans;
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ship
identification number to be permanently marked on a vessel's
hull;
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a
continuous synopsis record kept onboard showing a vessel's history
including, the name of the ship and of the state whose flag the ship is
entitled to fly, the date on which the ship was registered with that
state, the ship's identification number, the port at which the ship is
registered and the name of the registered owner(s) and their
registered address; and
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compliance
with flag state security certification
requirements.
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The U.S.
Coast Guard regulations, intended to align with international maritime security
standards, exempt from MTSA vessel security measures non-U.S. vessels that have
on board, as of July 1, 2004, a valid International Ship Security
Certificate attesting to the vessel's compliance with SOLAS security
requirements and the ISPS Code. We have implemented the various security
measures addressed by the MTSA, SOLAS and the ISPS Code, and our fleet is in
compliance with applicable security requirements.
Inspection
by classification societies
Every
oceangoing vessel must be "classed" by a classification society. The
classification society certifies that the vessel is "in-class," signifying that
the vessel has been built and maintained in accordance with the rules of
the classification society and complies with applicable rules and
regulations of the vessel's country of registry and the international
conventions of which that country is a member. In addition, where surveys
are required by international conventions and corresponding laws and ordinances
of a flag state, the classification society will undertake them on application
or by official order, acting on behalf of the authorities
concerned.
The
classification society also undertakes on request other surveys and checks that
are required by regulations and requirements of the flag state. These
surveys are subject to agreements made in each individual case and/or to the
regulations of the country concerned.
For
maintenance of the class, regular and extraordinary surveys of hull, machinery,
including the electrical plant, and any special equipment classed are required
to be performed as follows:
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Annual
Surveys. For seagoing ships, annual surveys are conducted for
the hull and the machinery, including the electrical plant and where
applicable for special equipment classed, at intervals of 12 months from
the date of commencement of the class period indicated in the
certificate.
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Intermediate
Surveys. Extended annual surveys are referred to as
intermediate surveys and typically are conducted two and one-half years
after commissioning and each class renewal. Intermediate surveys may be
carried out on the occasion of the second or third annual
survey.
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Class Renewal
Surveys. Class renewal surveys, also known as special
surveys, are carried out for the ship's hull, machinery, including the
electrical plant and for any special equipment classed, at the intervals
indicated by the character of classification for the hull. At the
special survey the vessel is thoroughly examined, including audio-gauging
to determine the thickness of the steel structures. Should the
thickness be found to be less than class requirements, the classification
society would prescribe steel renewals. The classification society
may grant a one year grace period for completion of the special survey.
Substantial amounts of money may have to be spent for steel renewals to
pass a special survey if the vessel experiences excessive wear and tear.
In lieu of the special survey every four or five years, depending on
whether a grace period was granted, a ship owner has the option of
arranging with the classification society for the vessel's hull or
machinery to be on a continuous survey cycle, in which every part of the
vessel would be surveyed within a five year cycle. At an owner's
application, the surveys required for class renewal may be split according
to an agreed schedule to extend over the entire period of class. This
process is referred to as continuous class
renewal.
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All areas
subject to survey as defined by the classification society are required to be
surveyed at least once per class period, unless shorter intervals between
surveys are prescribed elsewhere. The period between two subsequent surveys of
each area must not exceed five years.
Vessels
have their underwater parts inspected every 30 to 36 months. Depending on the
vessel's age and other factors, this inspection can often be done afloat with
minimal disruption to the vessel's commercial deployment. However, vessels are
required to be drydocked, meaning physically removed from the water, for
inspection and related repairs at least once every five years from delivery. If
any defects are found, the classification surveyor will issue a recommendation
which must be rectified by the ship owner within prescribed time
limits.
Most
insurance underwriters make it a condition for insurance coverage that a vessel
be certified as "in-class" by a classification society which is a member of the
International Association of Classification Societies. All our vessels are
certified as being "in-class" by American Bureau of Shipping. All new and
secondhand vessels that we purchase must be certified prior to their delivery
under our standard purchase contracts and memoranda of agreement. If the vessel
is not certified on the scheduled date of closing, we have no obligation to take
delivery of the vessel.
In
addition to the classification inspections, many of our customers regularly
inspect our vessels as a precondition to chartering them for voyages. We
believe that our well-maintained, high-quality vessels provide us with a
competitive advantage in the current environment of increasing regulation and
customer emphasis on quality.
Risk
of Loss and Liability Insurance
General
The
operation of any cargo vessel includes risks such as mechanical failure,
collision, property loss, cargo loss or damage and business interruption due to
political circumstances in foreign countries, hostilities and labor strikes. In
addition, there is always an inherent possibility of marine disaster, including
oil spills and other environmental mishaps, and the liabilities arising from
owning and operating vessels in international trade. OPA, which in certain
circumstances imposes virtually unlimited liability upon owners, operators and
demise charterers of any vessel trading in the United States exclusive economic
zone for certain oil pollution accidents in the United States, has made
liability insurance more expensive for vessel-owners and operators trading in
the United States market. While we believe that our present insurance coverage
is adequate, not all risks can be insured against, and there can be no guarantee
that any specific claim will be paid, or that we will always be able to obtain
adequate insurance coverage at reasonable rates.
Marine and
War Risks Insurance
We
have in force marine and war risks insurance for all of our
vessels. Our marine hull and machinery insurance covers risks of particular
average and actual or constructive total loss from collision, fire,
grounding, engine breakdown and other insured named perils up to an
agreed amount per vessel. Our war risks insurance covers the risks
of particular average and actual or constructive total loss from
confiscation, seizure, capture, vandalism, sabotage, and other
war-related named perils. We have also arranged coverage for increased
value for each vessel. Under this increased value coverage, in the event of
total loss of a vessel, we will be able to recover amounts in excess of those
recoverable under the hull and machinery policy in order to compensate for
additional costs associated with replacement of the loss
of the vessel. Each vessel is covered up to at
least its fair market value at the time of the
insurance attachment and subject to a fixed deductible per each single
accident or occurrence, but excluding actual or constructive total
loss.
Protection
and Indemnity Insurance
Protection
and indemnity insurance is provided by mutual protection and indemnity
associations, or P&I Associations, and covers our third party liabilities in
connection with our shipping activities. This includes third-party liability and
other related expenses resulting from injury or death of crew, passengers and
other third parties, loss or damage to cargo, claims arising from collisions
with other vessels, damage to other third-party property, pollution arising from
oil or other substances, and salvage, towing and other related costs, including
wreck removal. Protection and indemnity insurance is a form of mutual indemnity
insurance, extended by mutual protection and indemnity associations, or "clubs."
Subject to the "capping" discussed below, our coverage, except for pollution, is
unlimited.
Our
current protection and indemnity insurance coverage for pollution is
$1 billion per vessel per incident. We are a member of a P&I Club that
is a member of the International Group of P&I Clubs, or the International
Group. The P&I Clubs that comprise the International Group insure
approximately 90% of the world's commercial tonnage and have entered into a
pooling agreement to reinsure each association's liabilities. Although the
P&I Clubs compete with each other for business, they have found it
beneficial to pool their larger risks under the auspices of the International
Group. This pooling is regulated by a contractual agreement which defines the
risks that are to be pooled and exactly how these risks are to be shared by the
participating P&I Clubs. The pool provides a mechanism for sharing all
claims in excess of $8 million up to approximately $5.5 billion. We are subject
to calls payable to the associations based on its claim records as well as the
claim records of all other members of the individual associations and members of
the pool of P&I Clubs comprising the International Group.
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C.
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Organizational
Structure
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As of
December 31, 2009, Scorpio Tankers Inc. owned 100% of the four subsidiaries
listed below.
Company:
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Incorporated
in:
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Noemi
Shipping Company Limited
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The
Republic of The Marshall Islands
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Senatore
Shipping Company Limited
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The
Republic of The Marshall Islands
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Venice
Shipping Company Limited
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The
Republic of The Marshall Islands
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Sting
LLC
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State
of Delaware, United States of
America
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D.
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Property,
Plant and Equipment
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For a
description of our fleet, see "Item 4.A. – History and Development of the
Company" and " Item 4.B. Business Overview – Our Fleet".
ITEM
4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM
5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
The
following presentation of management's discussion and analysis of results of
operations and financial condition should be read in conjunction with our
consolidated financial statements, accompanying notes thereto and other
financial information appearing in "ITEM 18. Financial Statements". You should
also carefully read the following discussion with "Risk Factors," "The
International Tanker Industry," "Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking
Statements." The consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2009 and
2008 and for the three years in the period ended
December 31, 2009, have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by
the IASB The consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. Dollars
unless otherwise indicated. Any amounts converted from another non-U.S. currency
to U.S. Dollars in this registration statement are at the rate applicable at the
relevant date, or the average rate during the applicable period.
Prior to
October 1, 2009, our historical consolidated financial statements were prepared
on a carve-out basis from the financial statements of Liberty and include all
assets, liabilities and results of operations of our three vessel-owning
subsidiaries, formerly subsidiaries of Liberty, for those periods. The other
financial information included in this filing represents the aggregated
financial information of the operations of our three vessel-owning
subsidiaries.
We
anticipate additional opportunities to expand our fleet through acquisitions of
tankers, and we believe that recent downward pressure on tanker values will
present attractive investment opportunities to ship operators that have the
necessary capital resources. We may purchase secondhand vessels that meet our
specifications or newbuilding vessels, either directly from shipyards or from
the current owners with shipyard contracts. The timing of these acquisitions
will depend on our ability to identify suitable vessels on attractive purchase
terms. Since our initial public offering, we have purchased six
vessels, three of which have been delivered as of June 23, 2010.
We
generate revenues by charging customers for the transportation of their crude
oil and other petroleum products using our vessels. Historically, these services
generally have been provided under the following basic types of contractual
relationships:
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Voyage charters, which
are charters for short intervals that are priced on current, or "spot,"
market rates; and
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Time charters, whereby
vessels we operate and for which we are responsible for crewing and other
voyage expenses are chartered to customers for a fixed period of time at
rates that are generally fixed, but may contain a variable component based
on inflation, interest rates, or current market
rates.
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The
table below illustrates the primary distinctions among these types of
charters and contracts:
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Voyage
Charter
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Time
Charter
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Typical
contract length
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Single
voyage
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One
year or more
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Hire
rate basis(1)
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Varies
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Daily
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Voyage
expenses(2)
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We
pay
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Customer
pays
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Vessel
operating costs (3)
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We
pay
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We
pay
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Off-hire (4)
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Customer
does not pay
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Customer
does not pay
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(1)
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"Hire rate" refers to
the basic payment from the charterer for the use of the
vessel.
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(2)
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"Voyage expenses"
refers to expenses incurred due to a vessel's traveling from a loading
port to a discharging port, such as fuel (bunker) cost, port expenses,
agent's fees, canal dues and extra war risk insurance, as well as
commissions.
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(3)
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Defined
below under "—Important Financial and Operational Terms and
Concepts."
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(4)
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"Off-hire" refers to
the time a vessel is not available for service due primarily to scheduled
and unscheduled repairs or
drydocking.
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As of
December 31, 2009, one of our vessels, Venice, was operating in the
Scorpio Panamax Tanker Pool, The majority of the vessels in the Scorpio Panamax
Tanker Pool trade in the spot market. The two other vessels, Noemi and Senatore, were chartered to
customers under fixed-rate long-term time charter contracts that, as of
January 1, 2010, have remaining durations of approximately 24 and nine
months, respectively.
IMPORTANT
FINANCIAL AND OPERATIONAL TERMS AND CONCEPTS
We use a
variety of financial and operational terms and concepts. These include the
following:
Vessel
revenues. Vessel revenues primarily include revenues from time
charters and pool revenues. Vessel revenues are affected by hire rates and the
number of days a vessel operates. Vessel revenues are also affected by the mix
of business between vessels on time charter and vessels in pools. Revenues from
vessels in pools are more volatile, as they are typically tied to prevailing
market rates.
Vessel operating
costs. We are responsible for vessel operating costs, which include
crewing, repairs and maintenance, insurance, stores, lube oils, communication
expenses, and technical management fees. The two largest components of our
vessel operating costs are crews and repairs and maintenance. Expenses for
repairs and maintenance tend to fluctuate from period to period because most
repairs and maintenance typically occur during periodic drydockings. Please read
"Drydocking" below. We expect these expenses to increase as our fleet matures
and to the extent that it expands.
Additionally,
these costs include technical management fees charged by SSM. Historically, our
fees under technical management arrangements with SSM were under management
agreements with other Scorpio Group entities, which are related parties of ours.
Since agreements with related parties are by definition not at arms length, the
expenses incurred under these agreements may have been different than the
historical costs incurred if the subsidiaries had operated as unaffiliated
entities during prior periods. Our estimates of any differences between
historical expenses and the expenses that may have been incurred had the
subsidiaries been stand-alone entities have been disclosed in the notes to the
historical consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual
report. Prior to the closing of our initial public offering, we entered into a
technical management agreement with SSM. Under this agreement, since December 1,
2009, SSM continues to provide us technical services and we pay market-based
fees for this service which we believe are customary for the tanker
industry.
Drydocking. We
must periodically drydock each of our vessels for inspection, repairs and
maintenance and any modifications to comply with industry certification or
governmental requirements. Generally, each vessel is drydocked every 30 months.
We capitalize a substantial portion of the costs incurred during drydocking and
amortize those costs on a straight-line basis from the completion of a
drydocking to the estimated completion of the next drydocking. We immediately
expense costs for routine repairs and maintenance performed during drydocking
that do not improve or extend the useful lives of the assets. The number of
drydockings undertaken in a given period and the nature of the work performed
determine the level of drydocking expenditures.
Depreciation. Depreciation
expense typically consists of:
|
·
|
charges
related to the depreciation of the historical cost of our fleet (less an
estimated residual value) over the estimated useful lives of the
vessels; and
|
|
·
|
charges
related to the amortization of drydocking expenditures over the estimated
number of years to the next scheduled
drydocking.
|
Time Charter
Equivalent Rates. Time charter equivalent, or TCE, rates, are a standard
industry measure of the average daily revenue performance of a vessel. The TCE
rate achieved on a given voyage is expressed in U.S. dollars/day and is
generally calculated by subtracting voyage expenses, including bunkers and port
charges, from voyage revenue and dividing the net amount (time charter
equivalent revenues) by the number of days in the period.
Revenue
Days. Revenue days are the total number of calendar days our vessels were
in our possession during a period, less the total number of off-hire days during
the period associated with major repairs or drydockings. Consequently, revenue
days represent the total number of days available for the vessel to earn
revenue. Idle days, which are days when a vessel is available to earn revenue,
yet is not employed, are included in revenue days. We use revenue days to show
changes in net voyage revenues between periods.
Average Number of
Vessels. Historical average number of vessels consists of the average
number of vessels that were in our possession during a period. We use average
number of vessels primarily to highlight changes in vessel operating costs and
depreciation and amortization.
Contract of
Affreightment. A contract of affreightment, or COA, relates to the
carriage of specific quantities of cargo with multiple voyages over the same
route and over a specific period of time which usually spans a number of years.
A COA does not designate the specific vessels or voyage schedules that will
transport the cargo, thereby providing both the charterer and ship owner greater
operating flexibility than with voyage charters alone. The charterer has the
flexibility to determine the individual voyage scheduling at a future date while
the ship owner may use different ships to perform these individual voyages. As a
result, COAs are mostly entered into by large fleet operators such as pools or
ship owners with large fleets of the same vessel type. All of the ship's
operating, voyage and capital costs are borne by the ship owner while the
freight rate normally is agreed on a per cargo ton basis.
Commercial
Pools. To increase vessel utilization and thereby revenues, we
participate in commercial pools with other shipowners of similar modern,
well-maintained vessels. By operating a large number of vessels as an integrated
transportation system, commercial pools offer customers greater flexibility and
a higher level of service while achieving scheduling efficiencies. Pools employ
experienced commercial charterers and operators who have close working
relationships with customers and brokers, while technical management is
performed by each shipowner. Pools negotiate charters with customers primarily
in the spot market. The size and scope of these pools enable them to enhance
utilization rates for pool vessels by securing backhaul voyages and COAs, thus
generating higher effective TCE revenues than otherwise might be obtainable in
the spot market while providing a higher level of service offerings to
customers.
ITEMS YOU
SHOULD CONSIDER WHEN EVALUATING OUR RESULTS
You
should consider the following factors when evaluating our historical financial
performance and assessing our future prospects:
|
·
|
Our voyage
revenues are affected by cyclicality in the tanker
markets. The cyclical nature of the tanker industry causes
significant increases or decreases in the revenue we earn from our
vessels, particularly those we trade in the spot market. If we choose to
pay dividends in the future, this will, from period to period, affect the
cash available to pay such dividends. We intend to employ
a chartering strategy to capture upside opportunities in the spot
market while using fixed-rate time charters to reduce downside risks,
depending on SCM's outlook for freight rates, oil tanker market conditions
and global economic conditions. Historically, the tanker industry has been
cyclical, experiencing volatility in profitability due to changes in the
supply of, and demand for, tanker capacity. The supply of tanker capacity
is influenced by the number and size of new vessels built, vessels
scrapped, converted and lost, the number of vessels that are out of
service, and regulations that may effectively cause early obsolescence of
tonnage. The demand for tanker capacity is influenced by, among other
factors:
|
|
·
|
global
and regional economic and political
conditions;
|
|
·
|
increases
and decreases in production of and demand for crude oil and petroleum
products;
|
|
·
|
increases
and decreases in OPEC oil production
quotas;
|
|
·
|
the
distance crude oil and petroleum products need to be transported by
sea; and
|
|
·
|
developments
in international trade and changes in seaborne and other transportation
patterns.
|
|
·
|
Tanker
rates also fluctuate based on seasonal variations in
demand. Tanker markets are typically stronger in the winter
months as a result of increased oil consumption in the northern hemisphere
but weaker in the summer months as a result of lower oil consumption in
the northern hemisphere and refinery maintenance. In addition,
unpredictable weather patterns during the winter months tend to disrupt
vessel scheduling. The oil price volatility resulting from these factors
has historically led to increased oil trading activities in the winter
months. As a result, revenues generated by our vessels have historically
been weaker during the fiscal quarters ended June 30 and
September 30, and stronger in the fiscal quarters ended March 31
and December 31.
|
|
·
|
Our general
and administrative expenses will be affected by the commercial management,
and administrative services agreements we have entered into with SCM and
Liberty Holding Company Ltd., respectively, and costs we will incur from
being a public company. Historically, we incurred management
fees for commercial and administrative management under management
agreements with other Scorpio Group entities, which are parties related to
us. Since agreements with related parties are by definition not at arms
length, the expenses incurred under these agreements may have been
different than the historical costs incurred if the subsidiaries had
operated as unaffiliated entities during prior periods. Our estimates of
any differences between historical expenses and the expenses that may have
been incurred had the subsidiaries been stand-alone entities have been
disclosed in the notes to the historical consolidated financial statements
included elsewhere in this annual
report.
|
We
entered into a commercial management agreement with SCM. We also entered into an
administrative services agreement with Liberty Holding Company Ltd., or our
Administrator. Under these agreements, since December 1, 2009, SCM provides us
with commercial services and our Administrator provides us with administrative
services. We pay market-based fees under our commercial management agreement,
which we believe is customary for the tanker industry. We reimburse our
Administrator for the reasonable direct or indirect expenses it incurs in
providing us with the administrative services described above. We will also pay
our Administrator a fee for arranging vessel purchases and sales for us equal to
1% of the gross purchase or sale price, payable upon the consummation of any
such purchase or sale. We believe this 1% fee on purchases and sales is
customary in the tanker industry. Our historical general and administrative
management fees are estimates of the value of the general and administrative
services provided by Scorpio Group affiliates to us. These fees may not be
equivalent to a market-based fee and, thus, our historical general and
administrative expenses may not reflect what we will incur in the future. As a
result of changes to our commercial management agreements agreed upon in
December 2009, we estimate that our commercial management fees in 2010 will
increase by $0.3 million. The new technical and administrative
services
agreements
were negotiated at rates similar to the rates under the previous agreements and
therefore we expect there will be no additional impact on the results of
operations in future periods for technical and administrative management
services. In addition, we will incur additional general and administrative
expenses as a result of being a publicly traded company, including costs
associated with annual reports to shareholders and Securities and Exchange
Commission, or SEC, filings, investor relations, New York Stock Exchange fees
and tax compliance expenses.
RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
Vessel
revenue in our consolidated income statements represents TCE revenues. Revenues
and TCE are the same for us because our vessels are employed on time charter
contracts or in a pool. When a vessel is on time charter, the customer pays us
the contract revenue, and the customer is responsible for all of the voyage
expenses. When a vessel is in a pool, the pool pays us the vessel's allocated
earnings within the pool, which we record as revenue, and the pool is also
responsible for the voyage expenses. The vessel's allocated earnings in the pool
are reduced to reflect the commercial management fee charged by SCM, the pool
manager.
Shipowners
base economic decisions regarding the deployment of their vessels upon actual
and anticipated TCE rates, and industry analysts typically measure rates in
terms of TCE rates. This is because under time charters the customer usually
pays the voyage expenses, while under voyage charters, also known as spot market
charters, the shipowner usually pays the voyage expenses. Accordingly, the
discussion of revenue below focuses on TCE rates where applicable.
The
following tables separately present our operating results for the years ended
December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007.
FOR
THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2009 COMPARED TO THE YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2008
|
|
For
the Years Ended
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
Percentage
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vessel
revenue
|
|
$ |
27,619,041 |
|
|
$ |
39,274,196 |
|
|
$ |
(11,655,155 |
) |
|
|
(30 |
)% |
Charterhire
|
|
|
(3,072,916 |
) |
|
|
(6,722,334 |
) |
|
|
3,649,418 |
|
|
|
(54 |
)% |
Vessel
Expenses
|
|
|
(8,562,118 |
) |
|
|
(8,623,318 |
) |
|
|
61,200 |
|
|
|
(1 |
)% |
General
and administrative expenses
|
|
|
(416,908 |
) |
|
|
(600,361 |
) |
|
|
183,453 |
|
|
|
(31 |
)% |
Depreciation
|
|
|
(6,834,742 |
) |
|
|
(6,984,444 |
) |
|
|
159,702 |
|
|
|
(2 |
)% |
Impairment
of vessels
|
|
|
(4,511,877 |
) |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
(4,511,877 |
) |
|
|
- |
|
Interest
expense – bank loan
|
|
|
(699,115 |
) |
|
|
(1,710,907 |
) |
|
|
1,011,792 |
|
|
|
(59 |
)% |
Gain/(loss)
on derivative financial instruments
|
|
|
148,035 |
|
|
|
(2,463,648 |
) |
|
|
2,611,683 |
|
|
|
(106 |
)% |
Interest
income
|
|
|
4,929 |
|
|
|
35,492 |
|
|
|
(30,563 |
) |
|
|
(86 |
)% |
Other
expenses, net
|
|
|
(256,292 |
) |
|
|
(18,752 |
) |
|
|
(237,540 |
) |
|
|
1,267 |
% |
Net
income
|
|
$ |
3,418,037 |
|
|
$ |
12,185,924 |
|
|
$ |
(8,757,887 |
) |
|
|
(72 |
)% |
Net income.
Net income for the year ended December 31, 2009 was $3.4 million, a
decrease of $8.8 million, or 72%, when compared to net income of $12.2 million
for the year ended December 31, 2008. The differences between the two periods
are discussed below.
Vessel
revenue. Revenue
was $27.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2009, a decrease of $11.7
million, or 30%, from revenue of $39.3 million for the year ended December 31,
2008. The following table summarizes our revenue:
|
|
For
the Years Ended
December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
Change
|
|
Owned
vessels:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Time
charter revenue
|
|
$ |
17,203,709 |
|
|
$ |
18,293,963 |
|
|
$ |
(1,090,254 |
) |
Pool
revenue
|
|
|
7,438,726 |
|
|
|
13,201,424 |
|
|
|
(5,762,698 |
) |
Time
chartered-in vessels:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pool
revenue
|
|
|
2,976,606 |
|
|
|
7,778,809 |
|
|
|
(4,802,203 |
) |
TOTAL
|
|
$ |
27,619,041 |
|
|
$ |
39,274,196 |
|
|
$ |
(11,655,155 |
) |
The
reduction in time charter revenue of $1.1 million or 6% was primarily the result
of Noemi and Senatore both being drydocked
in 2009. Noemi was
drydocked in August 2009 (off-hire for 23 days), which reduced revenue by $0.6
million, and Senatore
was drydocked in May 2009 (off-hire for 14 days), which reduced revenue by $0.4
million. Noemi and
Senatore were employed
on time charters that began in 2007 for the years ended December 31, 2009 and
2008.
The
reduction in pool revenue for the owned vessel Venice of $5.8 million or 44%
was due to a decrease in the spot market rates. The majority of the vessels in
the Scorpio Panamax Tanker Pool operate in the spot market.
The
reduction of the pool revenue for a time chartered-in vessel of $4.8 million, or
62%, was due to 95 less operating days in the year ended December 31, 2009 and a
decrease in spot market rates, which resulted in a decrease in the pool rates.
In May 2008, we time chartered-in a vessel until May 2009, and the vessel
operated in the Scorpio Panamax Tanker Pool. We do not anticipate
time chartering-in vessels in the future.
Charterhire.
Charterhire expense of $3.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2009
decreased $3.6 million, or 54%, from $6.7 million for the year ended December
31, 2008. The decrease was due to 95 less operating days in the year ended
December 31, 2009, and a reduction in the profit and loss arrangement included
in the charterparty. The vessel was chartered-in by us from May 29, 2008 to
May 1, 2009 at $26,750 per day plus a 50% profit and loss arrangement where
we agreed to pay 50% of the vessel's earnings in the pool above the daily
charterhire rate, and we would receive 50% of the vessels earnings in the pool
below $26,750 per day. For year ended December 31, 2009, we recorded a reduction
in the charterhire expense of $108,000 because the vessel's earnings in the pool
were less than $26,750 per day. For the year ended December 31, 2008, we
recorded an increase in the charterhire expense of $1.0 million because the
vessel's earnings in the pool were more than $26,750 per day.
Vessel operating
costs. Vessel operating costs for owned vessels for the years ended
December 31, 2009 and 2008 were $8.6 million in each year; there were no
significant changes in vessel operating costs from one year to
another.
General and
administrative expense. General and administrative expense, which
includes the commercial management and administrative fees, of $0.4 million for
the year ended December 31, 2009, decreased $0.2 million or 31% from $0.6
million for the year ended December 31, 2008. This decrease in 2009 primarily
resulted from the reduction in the administrative fees charged by the
provider.
Depreciation. Depreciation and
amortization expense of $6.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2009
decreased $0.2 million, or 2%, from $7.0 million for the year ended December 31,
2008. The decrease in depreciation expense was primarily due to a change in the
estimated residual value due to changes in scrap rates since December 31, 2008.
See discussion of this change in estimate in Note 5 to the audited consolidated
financial statements included in "ITEM 18 Financial Statements".
Impairment. In the year ended
December 31, 2009, we recognized an impairment loss of $4.5 million for Noemi and Senatore. This
impairment loss was triggered by reductions in vessel values, and represented
the difference between the carrying value and recoverable
amount, being fair value less cost to sell. We determined the fair value of each
vessel by adding (i) the charter free market value of the vessel to
(ii) the discounted value of each vessel's time charter, which is the
difference between each vessel's time charter contracted rate and the market
rate for a similar type of vessel with a similar contracted duration. In
determining the charter free market value, we took into consideration the
estimated valuations provided by an independent ship broker.
Interest
expense—bank loan. Interest expense-bank loan was $0.7 million for the
year ended December 31, 2009, a decrease of $1.0 million or 59% from $1.7
million for year ended December 31, 2008. The decrease in interest expense was
primarily due to a reduction in LIBOR and a decrease in the principal
outstanding during the periods the 2005 Credit Facility was outstanding, which
was paid in full from the proceeds of the initial public offering. The average
interest rate including margin decreased to 1.70% for the year ended December
31, 2009 from 3.71% for the year ended December 31, 2008. The average principal
for the year ended December 31, 2009 and 2008 was $41.6 million and $45.2
million, respectively.
Gain/(loss) on
derivative financial instruments. Gain/(loss) on
derivatives from our interest rate swap, which consists of realized and
unrealized gains and losses, was a gain of $0.1 million for the year ended
December 31, 2009; there was an unrealized gain of $0.95 million offset by a
realized loss of $0.8 million. For the year ended December 31, 2008, there was a
loss on derivatives of $2.5 million, which was from an unrealized loss of $2.1
million and a realized loss of $0.4 million. The unrealized gains and losses
reflect the adjustment of the market value of the swap (the contract rate versus
the current market rate). The realized loss is the result of the settlement
difference between contracted interest rates and the actual market interest
rates (LIBOR).
Interest income.
Interest income was $4,929 for the year ended December 31, 2009, a
decrease of $30,563 or 86% from the $35,492 for the year ended December 31,
2008. The decrease was primarily due a reduction in interest rates for our cash
deposits and reduction in the cash balance.
Other expense,
net. Other expense, net was a loss of $256,292 for the year ended
December 31, 2009, and a net loss of $18,752 for the year ended December 31,
2008. This change was primarily the result of sundry finance expenses and
changes in foreign currency gains and losses.
FOR
THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008 COMPARED TO THE YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2007
|
|
For
the Year Ended
December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
Percentage
Change
|
|
Vessel
revenue
|
|
$ |
39,274,196 |
|
|
$ |
30,317,138 |
|
|
$ |
8,957,058 |
|
|
|
30 |
% |
Charterhire
|
|
|
(6,722,334 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(6,722,334 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
Vessel
operating costs
|
|
|
(8,623,318 |
) |
|
|
(7,600,508 |
) |
|
|
(1,022,810 |
) |
|
|
(13 |
)% |
Depreciation
|
|
|
(6,984,444 |
) |
|
|
(6,482,484 |
) |
|
|
(501,960 |
) |
|
|
(8 |
)% |
General
and administrative expenses
|
|
|
(600,361 |
) |
|
|
(590,773 |
) |
|
|
(9,588 |
) |
|
|
(2 |
)% |
Interest
expense—bank loan
|
|
|
(1,710,907 |
) |
|
|
(1,953,344 |
) |
|
|
242,437 |
|
|
|
12 |
% |
Loss
on derivative financial instruments
|
|
|
(2,463,648 |
) |
|
|
(1,769,166 |
) |
|
|
(694,482 |
) |
|
|
(39 |
)% |
Interest
income
|
|
|
35,492 |
|
|
|
142,233 |
|
|
|
(106,741 |
) |
|
|
(75 |
)% |
Other
expense, net
|
|
|
(18,752 |
) |
|
|
(9,304 |
) |
|
|
(9,448 |
) |
|
|
(102 |
)% |
Net
Income
|
|
$ |
12,185,924 |
|
|
$ |
12,053,792 |
|
|
$ |
132,132 |
|
|
|
1 |
% |
Net Income.
Net Income for the year end December 31, 2008 was $12.2 million, an
increase of $0.1 million or 1% when compared to net income of $12.1 million for
the year ended December 31, 2007. The differences between the two years are
discussed below.
Vessel
revenue. Revenue was $39.3
million for the year ended December 31, 2008, an increase of $9.0 million
from the revenue of $30.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The
following table summarizes our revenue:
|
|
For
the Years Ended
December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
Change
|
|
Owned
vessels:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Time
charter revenue
|
|
$ |
18,293,963 |
|
|
$ |
10,557,524 |
|
|
$ |
7,736,439 |
|
Pool
revenue
|
|
|
13,201,424 |
|
|
|
19,759,614 |
|
|
|
(6,558,190 |
) |
Time
chartered-in vessels:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pool
revenue
|
|
|
7,778,809 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
7,778,809 |
|
TOTAL
|
|
$ |
39,274,196 |
|
|
$ |
30,317,138 |
|
|
$ |
8,957,058 |
|
The
increase in time charter revenue of $7.7 million or 73% was the result
of:
|
·
|
Noemi being on time
charter for all of 2008 and only 344 days in 2007, an increase of $0.5
million.
|
|
·
|
Senatore being on time
charter for all of 2008 and only 89 days in 2007, an increase of $7.2
million.
|
The
reduction of pool revenue for the owned vessels of $6.6 million or 33% was due
to:
|
·
|
Senatore operating in
the pool for 276 days in 2007 and zero days in 2008, a decrease of $8.1
million.
|
|
·
|
Noemi operating in the
pool for 21 days in 2007 and zero days in 2008, a decrease of $0.6
million.
|
The
reduction in the number of days for the owned vessels in the pool (366 in 2008
and 662 in 2007) was partially offset by an increase of $2.2 million
(20%) in 2008 from Venice's revenue from the
pool. The vessel was in the pool for both years. The 20% increase in Venice's revenue was due to
higher rates in the spot market. The majority of the vessels in the Scorpio
Panamax Tanker Pool operated in the spot market.
The
increase of the pool revenue for the time chartered in-vessel of $7.8 million
was due to a vessel being time chartered-in from May 29, 2008 until
May 1, 2009. The vessel operated in the Scorpio Panamax Tanker
Pool.
Charterhire.
Charterhire expense for the year ended December 31, 2008 was $6.7 million.
There was no charterhire expense in 2007 since we did not charter in any vessels
during 2007. The vessel was chartered in from May 29, 2008 to May 1,
2009. The daily rate was at $26,750 per day plus a 50% profit and loss
arrangement where (i) we agreed to pay 50% of the vessel's earnings above
the daily charterhire rate and (ii) we received 50% of the vessel's
earnings below $26,750 per day. The profit sharing expense recorded during 2008
was $1.0 million.
Vessel operating
costs. Vessel operating costs for the owned vessels of $8.6 million for
the year ended December 31, 2008 increased $1.0 million, or 13%, from $7.6
million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The increase was primarily
due to higher crew expenses, which included higher salaries and training
expenses, and higher stores (e.g. lube oils).
General and
administrative expenses. General and
administrative expenses of $0.6 million for the year ended December 31,
2008 was similar to the expense for the year ended December 31,
2007.
Depreciation.
Depreciation and amortization expense of $7.0 million for the year ended
December 31, 2008 increased $0.5 million or 8% from $6.5 million for the
year ended December 31, 2007. The increase in depreciation expense was
primarily due to a change in the estimated residual value due to changes in
scrap rates in the period. See discussion of this change in estimate in Note 5
to the audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this
annual report.
Interest
expense—bank loan. Interest expense-bank
loan was $1.7 million for year ended December 31, 2008, a decrease of $0.25
million or 12% from $1.95 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The
decrease in interest expense was primarily due to a reduction in LIBOR and a
decrease in the outstanding principal. The average interest rate including
margin decreased to 3.71% for the year ended December 31, 2008 from 6.05%
for the year ended December 31, 2007. The average principal outstanding for
the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 was $45.2 million and $48.8
million, respectively.
Loss on
derivative financial instruments. Loss on derivatives from our interest
rate swap, which consists of realized and unrealized losses, was a loss of $2.5
million for the year ended December 31, 2008; there was an unrealized loss
of $2.1 million and a realized loss of $0.4 million. For the year ended
December 31, 2007, there was a loss on derivatives of $1.8 million, which
was from an unrealized loss of $1.3 million and a realized loss of $0.5 million.
The unrealized gains and losses reflect the adjustment of the market value of
the swap (the contract rate versus the current market rate). The realized loss
is the result of the settlement difference between contracted interest rates and
the actual market interest rates (LIBOR).
Interest income.
Interest income was $35,492 for the year ended December 31, 2008, a
decrease of $106,741 or 75% from $142,233 for the year ended December 31,
2007. The decrease was primarily due a reduction in interest rates for our cash
deposits.
Other expense,
net. Other expense net, was a loss of $18,752 and $9,304 for the years
ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The increase in the
loss of $9,448 or 102% was primarily due to a change in foreign currency
losses.
|
B.
|
Liquidity and Capital
Resources
|
On April
6, 2010, we closed the issuance of 12,500,000 shares of common stock at $13.00
per share in our initial public offering and received net proceeds of $149.6
million, after deducting underwriters' discounts and offering
expenses. On April 9, 2010, we repaid in full the outstanding balance
of $38.9 million of our 2005 Credit Facility from the proceeds of the initial
public offering. On May 4, 2010, we closed the issuance of 450,000
shares of common stock at $13.00 and received $5.4 million, after deducting
underwriters' discounts, when the underwriters in the Company's initial public
offering partially exercised their over-allotment option. The
remaining proceeds of our initial public offering, including over-allotment
exercise, will be used for working capital, general corporate expenses, and
vessel acquisitions.
On June
2, 2010, we executed our $150 million loan facility, the 2010 Credit Facility,
which is described below. The 2010 Credit Facility will be used and
has been used to partially finance the vessel acquisitions. As
of June 23, 2010, we have drawn down $19.0 million to finance the acquisition of
vessels.
Our
primary source of funds for our short-term and long-term liquidity needs will be
the cash flows generated from our vessel operations, particularly cash flows
from our two vessels, Noemi and Senatore, on time charter and
future vessels that have time charters, such as STI Heritage and STI Harmony. Time charters
provide contracted revenue that reduces the volatility (rates can fluctuate
within months) and seasonality (rates are generally stronger in first and fourth
quarters of the year) from vessels that operate in the spot market. Venice, the third vessel in
our fleet as of December 31, 2009, operates in the Scorpio Panamax Tanker Pool,
and vessels that we acquire in the future that are not on time charter will
operate in pools. The pools reduce volatility because (i) they aggregate
the revenues and expenses of all pool participants and distribute net earnings
to the participants based on an agreed upon formula and (ii) some of the
vessels in the pool are on time charter. We believe these cash flows from
operations, the net proceeds from the initial public offering, and draw downs
from the 2010 Credit Facility will be sufficient to meet our existing liquidity
needs for the next 12 months.
As of
December 31, 2009, our cash balance was $0.5 million, which is down from our
cash balance of $3.6 million as of December 31, 2008. For the
year ended December 31, 2009, our net cash inflow from operating activities was
$9.3 million and the net cash outflow from financing activities was $12.5
million, which included a dividend of $8.7 million. For the year
ended December 31, 2008, our net cash inflow from operating activities was $24.8
million and the net cash outflow from financing activities was $22.4 million,
which included a dividend $18.8 million.
As of
December 31, 2009, our long-term liquidity needs were comprised of our debt
repayment obligations for our 2005 Credit Facility, which was fully repaid using
the proceeds of the initial public offering completed on April 6,
2010.
In April
and May 2010, we agreed to purchase six vessels for an aggregate of $191.0
million. We expect to finance these acquisitions with the net
proceeds from the initial public offering and from the 2010 Credit Facility,
which is described further under "Long-Term Debt Obligations and Credit
Arrangements – 2010 Credit Facility" below.
The 2010
Credit Facility requires us to comply with a number of covenants, including
financial covenants related to liquidity, consolidated net worth, loan to value
ratios and collateral maintenance; delivery of quarterly and annual financial
statements and annual projections; maintaining adequate insurances; compliance
with laws (including environmental); compliance with ERISA; maintenance of flag
and class of the initial vessels; restrictions on consolidations, mergers or
sales of assets; approvals on changes in the manager of the vessels; limitations
on liens; limitations on additional indebtedness; prohibitions on paying
dividends if a covenant breach or an event of default has occurred or would
occur as a result of payment of a dividend; prohibitions on transactions with
affiliates; and other customary covenants.
Since two
of our vessels were in drydock in 2009 and the third received an underwater
survey in 2009, we do not anticipate the three vessels in our fleet as of
December 31, 2009 requiring a drydocking within the next 12
months. We are assessing the need to perform drydocks for the ships
we agreed to acquire in 2010.
Cash
Flows
The table
below summarizes our sources and uses of cash for the periods
presented:
|
|
For
the Year Ended
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Condensed
Cash Flows
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Provided
(Used) By:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
Provided by Operating Activities
|
|
$ |
9,305,851 |
|
|
$ |
24,837,892 |
|
|
$ |
5,830,773 |
|
Cash
Used by Investing Activities
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
Cash
Used by Financing Activities
|
|
|
(12,468,990 |
) |
|
|
(22,384,000 |
) |
|
|
(10,693,500 |
) |
For
the Year Ended December 31, 2009 Compared to the Year Ended
December 31, 2008
Cash
provided by operating activities
Net cash
provided by operating activities was $9.3 million for the year ended December
31, 2009, which was a decrease of $15.5 million from the year ended December 31,
2008. The primary reasons for the decrease were (i) lower revenues from the
vessels in the pool ($10.6 million), (ii) 37 off-hire days for two of the
vessels that were in drydock during 2009 ($1.0 million); changes in the
shareholder receivable and payable ($7.7 million) and (iii) drydock
payments for two of our vessels that were performed in 2009 ($1.6 million).
These reductions were partially offset by (i) a decrease in the charterhire
expense ($3.6 million), and (ii) changes in other assets and liabilities
($1.8 million).
Cash
used by investing activities
There was
no cash used in investing activities for any of the periods shown.
Cash
used by financing activities
Cash used
by financing activities was $12.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2009,
which was $9.9 million less than the cash used for the year ended December 31,
2008. This decrease was due to a reduction in dividends paid of $10.1 million
($8.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 and $10.8 million in the year
ended December 31, 2008). During the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, we
made scheduled principal payments on our debt of $3.6 million.
For
the Year Ended December 31, 2008 Compared to the Year Ended
December 31, 2007
Cash
provided by operating activities
Net cash
provided by operating activities was $24.8 million for the year ended
December 31, 2008, which was an increase of $19.0 million from the year
ended December 31, 2007. Changes in operating cash flows before movements
in working capital resulted in a net positive variance compared to 2007 of $1.4
million. The remaining changes in operating cash flows were due to changes in
assets and liabilities. The primary reasons for the increase were (i) a
decrease in cash payments of $8.4 million to a related party ($8.4 million was
paid in 2007 and none in 2008), (ii) an increase in net cash from the
shareholder of $10.8 million (a net payment of $8.2 million was made in 2007 and
a net receipt of $2.6 million in 2008); (iii) a decrease in receipts of
accounts receivable of $2.0 million due to collection of receivables; and
(iv) an increase in changes in other assets and liabilities of $0.3
million.
Cash
used by investing activities
There was
no cash used in investing activities for any of the periods shown.
Cash
used by financing activities
Cash used
by financing activities was $22.4 million for the year ended December 31,
2008, which was an increase of $11.7 million from the cash used by financing
activities for the year ended December 31, 2007. This change was due to an
increase of $11.7 million in dividends paid ($18.8 million for the year ended
December 31, 2008 and $7.1 million for the year ended December 31,
2007). During the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, we made scheduled
principal payments on our debt of $3.6 million.
Long-Term
Debt Obligations and Credit Arrangements
2005
Credit Facility
Two of
our wholly-owned subsidiaries, Senatore Shipping Company Limited and Noemi
Shipping Company Limited, were joint and several borrowers under a loan
agreement dated May 17, 2005, or the 2005 Credit Facility, entered into
with The Royal Bank of Scotland plc, as lender, which was secured by, among
other things, a first preferred mortgage over each of Senatore and Noemi. The initial amount of
the 2005 Credit Facility was $56,000,000 and consisted of two tranches, one for
each vessel-owning subsidiary. Each tranche was repayable in 40 consecutive
quarterly installments of $450,000, plus a balloon payment of $10,000,000, to be
made together with the 40th
installment of each tranche. The 2005 Credit Facility was due to mature on
May 18, 2015. The interest rate on the loan was 0.70% above LIBOR. As of
December 31, 2009, the outstanding balance was $39.8 million, with $3.6 million
due within the next 12 months. As of December 31, 2009, we were in compliance
with all of our loan covenants. On April 9, 2010, we repaid the outstanding
balance of $38.9 million with the proceeds from our initial public
offering.
2010
Credit Facility
On June
2, 2010, we executed a credit facility with Nordea Bank Finland plc, acting
through its New York branch, DnB NOR Bank ASA, acting through its New York
branch, and Fortis Bank Nederland, or the lead arrangers, for a senior secured
term loan facility of up to $150 million. Borrowings under the
credit facility are available until December 2, 2011 and bear interest at LIBOR
plus an applicable margin of 3.00% per annum when our debt to
capitalization (total debt plus equity) ratio is equal to or less than 50% and
3.50% per annum when our debt to capitalization ratio is greater than 50%.
A commitment fee equal to 40% of the applicable margin is payable on the unused
daily portion of the credit facility. The credit facility matures on June 2,
2015 and can only be used to partially finance the cost of future vessel
acquisitions, which vessels would be the collateral for the credit
facility.
Borrowings
for each vessel financed under this facility, represent a separate tranche, with
repayment terms dependent on the age of the vessel at acquisition. Each tranche
under the new credit facility is repayable in equal quarterly installments, with
a lump sum payment at maturity, based on a full repayment of such tranche when
the vessel to which it relates is fifteen years of age. Our subsidiaries, which
may at any time own one or more of our initial vessels, will act as guarantors
under the credit facility. As of June 23, 2010, we have drawn down
$19.0 million under this facility.
The
credit facility requires us to comply with a number of covenants, including
financial covenants; delivery of quarterly and annual financial statements and
annual projections; maintaining adequate insurances; compliance with laws
(including environmental); compliance with ERISA; maintenance of flag and class
of the initial vessels; restrictions on consolidations, mergers or sales of
assets; prohibitions on changes in the Manager of our initial vessels;
limitations on liens; limitations on additional indebtedness; prohibitions on
paying dividends if a covenant breach or an event of default has occurred or
would occur as a result of payment of a dividend; prohibitions on transactions
with affiliates; and other customary covenants.
The
financial covenants include:
|
·
|
The
ratio of debt to capitalization shall be no greater than 0.60 to
1.00.
|
|
·
|
Consolidated
tangible net worth shall be no less than US$ 150,000,000 plus 25% of
cumulative positive net income (on a consolidated basis) for each fiscal
quarter from July 1, 2010 going forward and 75% of the value of any new
equity issues from July 1, 2010 going
forward.
|
|
·
|
The
ratio of EBITDA to actual interest expense shall be no less than 2.50 to
1.00 commencing with the fifth fiscal quarter following the closing of the
credit facility. Such ratio shall be calculated quarterly on a trailing
quarter basis from and including the fifth fiscal quarter however for the
ninth fiscal quarter and periods thereafter the ratio shall be calculated
on a trailing four quarter basis.
|
|
·
|
Unrestricted
cash and cash equivalents including amounts on deposit with the lead
arrangers for the first five fiscal quarters following the closing of our
initial public offering shall at all times be no less than the higher of
(i) US$ 2,000,000 per vessel or (ii) US$ 10,000,000 and thereafter
unrestricted cash and cash equivalents shall at all times be no less than
the higher of (i) US$ 1,000,000 per vessel or (ii) US$
10,000,000.
|
|
·
|
The
aggregate fair market value of the collateral vessels shall at all times
be no less than 150% of the then aggregate outstanding principal amount of
loans under the credit facility.
|
Interest
Rate Swaps
As of
December 31, 2009, we had one interest rate swap. The notional value was $19.9
million, and the effective fixed interest rate was 4.79%. The swap began in May
2005 and was scheduled to end in May 2015. The interest rate swap was
terminated when the 2005 Credit Facility was repaid in April 2010. In
the future, we may enter into interest rate swaps to manage our exposure
interest rates.
CAPITAL
EXPENDITURES
Vessel
Acquisitions
In April
and May 2010, we agreed to acquire six tankers for an aggregate purchase price
of $191.0 million. These vessels will be paid for with the net
proceeds from our initial public offering and from our credit
facility.
Drydock
We do not
plan to drydock the three vessels in our fleet as of December 31, 2009 within
the next 12 months because (i) Noemi and Senatore were drydocked in
2009 for an aggregate cost of $1.6 million and 37 off-hire days, and
(ii) Venice
received an underwater survey in 2009. The vessels are not scheduled to be
drydocked until 2011 and 2012.
We have
not yet determined the need to do a drydock for the six vessels that we agreed
to acquire in April and May 2010 (three have been acquired as of the date of
this annual report).
As our
fleet matures and expands, our drydock expenses will likely increase. Ongoing
costs for compliance with environmental regulations and society classification
survey costs are a component of our vessel operating costs. We are not currently
aware of any regulatory changes or environmental liabilities that we anticipate
will have a material impact on our current or future operations.
Dividends
We do not
have immediate plans to pay dividends, but we will continue to assess our
dividend policy. In the future, our board of directors may determine it is in
the best interest of the Company to pay dividends.
|
C.
|
Research
and Development, Patents and Licenses,
Etc.
|
Not
applicable
See ITEM
4.B "The International Tanker Industry"
|
E.
|
Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements
|
As of
December 31, 2009, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are
reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on our financial
condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of
operations, liquidity or capital resources.
|
F.
|
Tabular
Disclosure of Contractual
Obligations
|
The
following table sets forth our total contractual obligations at December 31,
2009 (1):
|
|
in millions of
$
|
|
|
|
Less than
1
year
|
|
|
1 to 3
years
|
|
|
3 to 5
years
|
|
|
More than
5
years
|
|
|
Thereafter
|
|
Bank
Loan(2)
|
|
$ |
3.6 |
|
|
$ |
7.2 |
|
|
$ |
7.2 |
|
|
$ |
21.8 |
|
|
|
— |
|
Bank
Loan—Interest payments(3)
|
|
$ |
1.2 |
|
|
$ |
2.1 |
|
|
$ |
1.6 |
|
|
$ |
0.5 |
|
|
|
— |
|
Technical
management fees(4)
|
|
$ |
0.6 |
|
|
$ |
1.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commercial
management fees(5)
|
|
$ |
0.4 |
|
|
$ |
0.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
On
June 2, 2010, we executed a new $150 million credit facility to partially
finance the acquisition of new vessels. As of June 23, 2010, we
have drawn down $19.0 million under this credit
facility.
|
|
(2)
|
On
April 9, 2010, we repaid the outstanding balance of $38.9 million under
the 2005 Credit Facility from the proceeds of the initial public
offering.
|
|
(3)
|
The
interest expense on the 2005 Credit Facility was variable and based on
LIBOR. The payments in the above schedule were calculated using an
interest swap rate of 2.31% plus a margin of 0.70%, which was the margin
for the 2005 Credit Facility.
|
|
(4)
|
We
pay our technical manager, SSM, $548 per
day.
|
|
(5)
|
We
pay our commercial manager, SCM, $250 per day plus 1.25% of gross revenue
for vessels that are not in a pool.
|
Restricted
Stock
On June
18, 2010, we issued 559,458 shares of restricted stock to our executive officers
at a price of $10.99 per share, for a total value of $ 6,148,443. The vesting
schedule of the restricted stock is (i) one-third of the shares vest on April 6,
2013, (ii) one-third of the shares vest on April 6, 2014, and (iii) one-third of
the shares vest on April 6, 2015. The expense for the restricted stock will be
recognized over the vesting periods for each third of the shares. The expense
for this restricted stock grant is:
|
·
|
for
the year ending December 31,
2010, $922,124;
|
|
·
|
for
the year ending December 31, 2011,
$1,702,383;
|
|
·
|
for
the year ending December 31, 2012,
$1,702,383;
|
|
·
|
for
the year ending December 31, 2013,
$1,151,776;
|
|
·
|
for
the year ending December 31, 2014, $562,848
and
|
|
·
|
for
the year ending December 31, 2015,
$106,929.
|
On June
18, 2010, we issued 9,000 shares to our independent directors at a price of
$10.99 per share, for a total value of $98,910. These shares vest on
April 6, 2011 and were approved prior to the initial public
offering.
G. Safe Harbor
See "Cautionary Statement Regarding
Forward-Looking Statements" at the beginning of this annual report.
CRITICAL
ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
In the
application of our accounting policies, which are prepared in conformity with
IFRS as issued by the IASB, we are required to make judgments, estimates and
assumptions about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities, and revenues
and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and
associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that
are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these
estimates.
The
estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions
to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimate is
revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the
revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future
periods.
The
significant judgments and estimates are as follows:
Revenue
recognition
We
currently generate all of revenue from time charters and pools. Revenue
recognition for time charters and pools is generally not as complex or as
subjective as voyage charters. Time charters are for a specific
period of time at a specific rate per day. For long-term time charters, revenue
is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the
charter. Pool revenues are determined by the pool managers from the
total revenues and expenses of the pool and allocated to pool participants using
a mechanism set out in the pool agreement.
Vessel
impairment
The
Company evaluates the carrying amounts of its vessels
to determine whether there is any indication that those vessels have suffered an
impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable
amount of vessels is estimated in order to determine the extent of the
impairment loss (if any).
Recoverable
amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In
assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their
present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market
assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for
which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted. The projection
of cash flows related to vessels is complex and requires the Company to make
various estimates including future freight rates, earnings from the vessels and
discount rates. All of these items have been historically
volatile. In assessing the fair value less cost to sell of the
vessel, the Company obtains vessel valuations from leading, independent and
internationally recognized ship brokers on an annual basis or when there is an
indication that an asset or assets may be impaired.
If an
indication of impairment is identified, the need for recognising an impairment
loss is assessed by comparing the carrying amount of the vessels to the higher
of the fair value less cost to sell and the value in use.
Vessel
lives and residual value
The
carrying value of each of our vessels represents its original cost at the time
it was delivered or purchased less depreciation. We depreciate our vessels to
their residual value on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives,
being 20 years from the date of initial delivery from the
shipyard. The residual value is estimated as the lightweight tonnage
of each vessel multiplied by a forecast scrap value per ton. The scrap value per
ton is estimated taking into consideration the scrap market rate ruling at the
year end. See Note 5 for discussion of changes in the residual values
during the period.
An
increase in the estimated useful life of a vessel or in its scrap value would
have the effect of decreasing the annual depreciation charge and extending it
into later periods. A decrease in the useful life of a vessel or scrap value
would have the effect of increasing the annual depreciation charge.
When
regulations place significant limitations over the ability of a vessel to trade
on a worldwide basis, the vessel's useful life is adjusted to end at the date
such regulations become effective. The estimated salvage value of the vessels
may not represent the fair market value at any one time since market prices of
scrap values tend to fluctuate.
Deferred
drydock cost
The
Company recognizes drydock costs as a separate component of the vessels'
carrying amounts and amortizes the drydock cost on a straight-line basis over
the estimated period until the next drydock. We use judgment when estimating the
period between drydocks performed, which can result in adjustments to the
estimated amortization of the drydock expense. If the vessel is disposed of
before the next drydock, the remaining balance of the deferred drydock is
written-off and forms part of the gain or loss recognized upon disposal of
vessels in the period when contracted. We expect that our vessels
will be required to be drydocked approximately every 30 to 48 months for major
repairs and maintenance that cannot be performed while the vessels are
operating. Costs capitalized as part of the drydock include actual costs
incurred at the drydock yard and parts and supplies used in making such
repairs.
Standards
and interpretations in issue not yet adopted
At the
date of authorisation of these financial statements, the following Standards and
Interpretations which have not been applied in these financial statements were
in issue but not yet effective:
IFRS
1 (amended)/IAS 27 (amended)
|
Cost
of an Investment in a Subsidiary, Jointly Controlled Entity or
Associate
|
|
|
IFRS
2 (amended)
|
Share-based
payments
|
|
|
IFRS
3 (revised 2008)
|
Business
Combinations
|
|
|
IFRS
9
|
Financial
Instruments
|
|
|
IAS
27 (revised 2008)
|
Consolidated
and Separate Financial Statements
|
|
|
IAS
28 (revised 2008)
|
Investments
in Associates
|
|
|
IFRIC
12
|
Service
Concession Arrangements
|
|
|
IFRIC
17
|
Distributions
of Non-cash Assets to Owners
|
|
|
IFRIC
18
|
Transfers
of Assets from Customers
|
|
|
IFRIC
19
|
Extinguishing
Financial Liabilities with Equity
Instruments
|
Improvements
to IFRSs (April 2009)
The
directors do not expect that the adoption of these Standards and Interpretations
in future periods will have a material impact on the financial statements of the
Company except for the treatment of acquisition of subsidiaries and associates
when IFRS 3 (revised 2008), IAS 27 (revised 2008) and IAS 28 (revised 2008) come
into effect for business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or
after the beginning of the first annual period beginning on or after July 1,
2009.
ITEM
6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
|
A.
|
Directors
and Senior Management
|
Set forth
below are the names, ages and positions of our directors and executive officers.
Our board of directors is elected annually, and each director elected holds
office for a three-year term or until his successor shall have been duly elected
and qualified, except in the event of his death, resignation, removal or the
earlier termination of his term of office. The initial term of office of each
director is as follows: The two Class I directors will serve for a term expiring
at the 2011 annual meeting of shareholders, the two Class II directors will
serve for a term expiring at the 2012 annual meeting of shareholders, and the
one Class III director will serve for a term expiring at the 2013 annual meeting
of the shareholders. Officers are elected from time to time by vote of our board
of directors and hold office until a successor is elected.
Name
|
|
Age
|
|
Position
|
Emanuele
A. Lauro
|
|
31
|
|
Chairman,
Class I Director, and Chief Executive Officer
|
Robert
Bugbee
|
|
50
|
|
President
and Class II Director
|
Brian
Lee
|
|
43
|
|
Chief
Financial Officer
|
Cameron
Mackey
|
|
41
|
|
Chief
Operating Officer
|
Luca
Forgione
|
|
34
|
|
General
Counsel
|
Sergio
Gianfranchi
|
|
65
|
|
Vice
President, Vessel Operations
|
Alexandre
Albertini
|
|
33
|
|
Class
III Director
|
Ademaro
Lanzara
|
|
67
|
|
Class
I Director
|
Donald
C. Trauscht
|
|
76
|
|
Class
II Director
|
Biographical
information with respect to each of our directors and executive officers is set
forth below.
Emanuele A. Lauro,
Chairman &
Chief Executive Officer
Emanuele
A. Lauro, our founder, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, joined Scorpio
Group in 2003 and has continued to serve there in a senior management position
since 2004. Under Mr. Lauro's leadership, Scorpio Group has grown from an
owner of three vessels in 2003 to an owner of five vessels, an operator or
manager of approximately 60 vessels in 2008. Over the course of the last six
years, Mr. Lauro has founded and developed the Scorpio Aframax Tanker Pool,
Scorpio Panamax Tanker Pool and the Scorpio Handymax Tanker Pool which as of
June 20, 2010 employ 14, 22 and 38 vessels, respectively, from Scorpio Group and
third party participants. He also founded Scorpio Logistics in May 2007, a company within the Scorpio
Group which owns and operates specialized assets engaged in coal transhipment in
Indonesia and which engages in strategic investments in coastal shipping and
port development in India. Furthermore, Mr. Lauro formed a joint
venture with Koenig & cie., Scorship Navigation, in August 2005 which
engages in the identification, placement, and management of certain
international shipping investments on behalf of German investors. In
addition, Mr. Lauro developed a joint venture company, Crewtech
Philippines, in May 2007 which screens, trains, and manages vessel staff for
various third party owners of drybulk and tanker vessels. Mr. Lauro
has a degree in international business from the European Business School,
London, and he has served as the Vice President of the Chamber of Shipping of
Monaco since 2006.
Robert Bugbee, President
and Director
Robert
Bugbee, our President, has more than 25 years of experience in the shipping
industry. He joined Scorpio Group in February 2009 and has continued to serve
there in senior management. Prior to joining Scorpio Group, Mr. Bugbee was
a partner at Ospraie Management LLP between 2007 and 2008, a company which
advises and invests in commodities and basic industry. From 1995 to 2007, Mr
Bugbee was employed at OMI Corporation, or OMI, a NYSE-listed tanker company
sold in 2007. While at OMI, Mr. Bugbee most recently served as President
from January 2002 until the sale of the company, and he previously served as
Executive Vice President since January 2001, Chief Operating Officer since March
2000 and Senior Vice President of OMI from August 1995 to June 1998.
Mr. Bugbee joined OMI in February 1993. Prior to this, he was employed by
Gotaas-Larsen Shipping Corporation since 1984. During this time he took a two
year sabbatical from 1987 for the M.I.B. Programme at the Norwegian School for
Economics and Business administration in Bergen. He has a Fellowship from the
International Shipbrokers Association and a B.A. (Honors) in from London
University.
Brian Lee, Chief
Financial Officer
Brian
Lee, our Chief Financial Officer, joined Scorpio Group in April 2009. In June
2009, he became the Scorpio Group's Controller. He has been employed in the
shipping industry since 1998. Prior to joining Scorpio Group, he was the
Controller of OMI Corporation from 2001 until the sale of the company in 2007.
Mr. Lee has a M.B.A. from the University of Connecticut and has B.S. in
Business Administration from the University at Buffalo, State University of New
York.
Cameron Mackey, Chief
Operating Officer
Cameron
Mackey, our Chief Operating Officer, joined Scorpio Group in March 2009, where
he has served as Chief Operating Officer. Prior to joining Scorpio Group, he was
an equity and commodity analyst at Ospraie Management LLC from 2007-2008. Prior
to that, he was Senior Vice President of OMI Marine Services LLC from 2004-2007
and in Business Development at OMI Corporation from 2002-2004. He has been
employed in the shipping industry since 1994 and, earlier in his career, was
employed in unlicensed and licensed positions in the merchant navy, primarily on
tankers in the international fleet of Mobil Oil Corporation, where he held the
qualification of Master Mariner. He has an M.B.A. from the Sloan School of
Management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a B.S. from the
Massachusetts Maritime Academy and a B.A. from Princeton
University.
Luca Forgione, General
Counsel
Luca
Forgione, our General Counsel, joined Scorpio Group in August 2009 as General
Counsel. He is licensed as a lawyer in his native Italy and as a Solicitor of
the Supreme Court of England & Wales. Mr. Forgione has six years
of shipping industry experience and has worked in the fields of shipping,
offshore logistics, commodity trading and energy since the beginning of his
in-house career, most recently with Constellation Energy Commodities Group Ltd.
in London, which is part of Constellation Energy Group Inc. listed on the NYSE
under "CEG," from 2007 to 2009., and previously with Coeclerici S.p.a. in Milan
from 2004 to 2007. He has experience with all aspects of the supply chain of
drybulk and energy commodities (upstream and downstream), and has developed
considerable understanding of the regulatory and compliance regimes surrounding
the trading of physical and financial commodities as well as the owning,
managing and chartering of vessels. Mr. Forgione was a Tutor in
International Trade Law and Admiralty Law at University College London
(U.K.) and more recently a Visiting Lecturer in International Trade Law at
King's College (U.K.). He has a Masters Degree in Maritime Law from the
University of Southampton (U.K.) and a Law Degree from the University of Genoa
(Italy).
Messers.
Lauro, Bugbee, Lee, Mackey, and Forgione collectively have over 65 years of
combined shipping experience and have developed strong tanker industry
relationships with leading charterers, lenders, shipbuilders, insurers and other
key industry participants.
Sergio Gianfranchi,
Vice
President, Vessel Operations
Sergio
Gianfranchi, our Vice President of Vessel Operations, served as Operations
Manager of our technical manager, SSM, at its headquarters in Monaco from 2002
to 2004. He has been instrumental in launching and operating the Scorpio
Group's Panamax, Handymax and Aframax pools during the last five years, and was
employed as the Fleet Manager of SCM, the Scorpio Group affiliate that manages
the commercial operations of approximately 50 vessels grouped in the three
Scorpio Group pools, from 2007 to 2009. Mr. Gianfranchi is currently
employed as the Pool Fleet Manager of SCM. From 1999 to 2001,
Mr. Gianfranchi served as the on-site owner's representative of the Scorpio
Group affiliates named Doria Shipping, Tristan Shipping, Milan Shipping and Roma
Shipping, to survey the construction of their Panamax and Post-Panamax
newbuilding tankers being built at the 3Maj Shipyard in Rijeka, Croatia. When
Mr. Gianfranchi joined SSM in 1989, he began as vessel master of its OBOs
(multipurpose vessels that carry ore, heavy drybulk and oil). Upon
obtaining his Master Mariner License in 1972, he served until 1989 as a vessel
master with prominent Italian shipping companies, including NAI, which is the
largest private Italian shipping company and owned by the Lolli-Ghetti family,
and Almare, initially a subsidiary of NAI but later controlled by Finmare, the
Italian state shipping financial holding company. In this position he
served mostly on OBOs, tankers and drybulk carriers. He graduated from La Spezia
Nautical Institute in Italy in 1963.
Alexandre Albertini,
Director
Alexandre
Albertini agreed to serve as a director effective as of the closing of our
initial public offering. Mr. Albertini has more than 10 years of
experience in the shipping industry. He has been employed by Marfin Management
SAM, a drybulk ship management company, since 1997 and has served as Managing
Director there since 2009, working in fields related to crew and human
resources, insurance, legal, financial, technical, commercial, and information
technology. He is a director of eight drybulk shipowning companies and serves as
President of Ant. Topic srl, a vessel and crewing agent based in Italy. The
aggregate valuation of the drybulk shipping companies for which
Mr. Albertini serves as a Secretary or director is approximately $300
million. In 2008, Mr. Albertini was elected as a member of the Executive
Committee of InterManager. He is a founding member of the Chamber of Shipping of
Monaco and has served as its Secretary General since 2006. Mr. Albertini
also holds various board positions in several other local business and
associations.
Ademaro Lanzara,
Director
Ademaro
Lanzara agreed to serve as a director effective as of the closing of our initial
public offering. Mr. Lanzara has served as the Chairman of BPV Finance
(International) Plc Dublin, a subsidiary of Banca Popolare di Vicenza, Italy,
since 2008. He is also a director of Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana fondata
da Giovanni Treccani Spa, Rome. From 1963 to 2006, Mr. Lanzara held a
number of positions with BNL spa Rome, a leading Italian banking group,
including acting as the Chairman of the Credit Committee, Chairman of
the Finance Committee and Deputy CEO. He also served as Chairman and/or director
of a number of BNL controlled banks or financial companies in Europe, the United
States and South America. He formerly served as a director of each of the
Institute of International Finance Inc. in Washington DC, Compagnie Financiere
Edmond de Rothschild Banque, in Paris, France, ABI—Italian Banking Association
in Rome, Italy, FITD—Interbank deposit Protection Fund, in Rome, Italy, ICC
International Chamber of Commerce Italian section, Rome, Italy Co-Chairman Round
Table of Bankers and Small and Medium Enterprises, European Commission, in
Brussels, Belgium. Mr. Lanzara has a economics degree (graduated magna cum laude) from the
University of Naples, a law degree from the University of Naples and a PMD from
Harvard Business School.
Donald C. Trauscht,
Director
Donald C.
Trauscht agreed to serve as a director effective as of the closing of our
initial public offering. He has served as the Chairman of BW Capital
Corporation, a private investment company, since 1996. From 1967 to 1995,
Mr. Trauscht held a number of positions at Borg-Warner Corporation,
including Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. While at Borg Warner,
Mr. Trauscht supervised an annual capital budget of $250 million and was
responsible for risk assessment decisions involving the company's investments.
He has participated in acquisitions, divestments, financings, public offerings
and other transactions whose combined value is over $30 billion.
Mr. Trauscht is a director of Esco Technologies Inc., Hydac International
Corporation, Bourns Inc., and EyesForLearning LLC. He formerly served as a
director of Baker Hughes Inc., Cordant Technologies Inc., Blue Bird Corporation,
Imo Industries Inc., Mannesmann Capital Corporation, Wynn International Inc.,
Recon Optical Inc., Global Motorsport Group Inc., OMI Corporation, IES
Corporation, and NSK-Warner Ltd. He has served as the Chairman, Lead Director,
and Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, and Governance Committee Chairman
at numerous public and private companies.
We did
not pay any compensation to members of our senior executive officers in 2009. We
expect to pay aggregate compensation to our senior executive officers in 2010
for the period April 6, 2010 to December 31, 2010 of approximately $2.1 million.
Each of our non-employee directors will receive annual cash compensation in the
aggregate amount of $45,000 annually, plus an additional fee of $5,000 for each
committee on which a director serves plus an additional fee of $15,000 for each
committee for which a director serves as Chairman, per year, plus an additional
fee of $20,000 to the lead independent director, plus reimbursements for actual
expenses incurred while acting in their capacity as a director. Our officers and
directors are eligible to receive awards under our equity incentive plan which
is described below under "—2010 Equity Incentive Plan."
We
believe that it is important to align the interests of our directors and
management with that of our shareholders. In this regard, we have determined
that it will generally be beneficial to us and to our shareholders for our
directors and management to have a stake in our long-term performance. We expect
to have a meaningful component of our compensation package for our directors and
management consist of equity interests in the Company in order to provide them
on an on-going basis with a meaningful percentage of ownership in the
Company.
We do not
have a retirement plan for our officers or directors.
2010
Equity Incentive Plan
We have
adopted an equity incentive plan, which we refer to as the plan, under which
directors, officers, employees, consultants and service providers of us and our
subsidiaries and affiliates are eligible to receive incentive stock options and
non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock,
restricted stock units and unrestricted common stock. We have reserved a total
of 1,148,916 common shares for issuance under the plan, subject to adjustment
for changes in capitalization as provided in the plan and it is not expected
that any additional common shares will be reserved for issuance under our equity
incentive plan prior to the third anniversary of the closing of our initial
public offering. The plan is administered by our compensation committee. We
issued a total of 559,458 restricted shares under the plan to our executive
officers in the second quarter of 2010 which will vest in three equal
installments on the third, fourth and fifth anniversaries, respectively, of the
grant date. In the second quarter of 2010, we also issued 9,000 restricted
shares to our independent directors.
Under the
terms of the plan, stock options and stock appreciation rights granted under the
plan will have an exercise price equal to the fair market value of a common
share on the date of grant, unless otherwise determined by the plan
administrator, but in no event will the exercise price be less than the fair
market value of a common share on the date of grant. Options and stock
appreciation rights will be exercisable at times and under conditions as
determined by the plan administrator, but in no event will they be exercisable
later than ten years from the date of grant.
The plan
administrator may grant shares of restricted stock and awards of restricted
stock units subject to vesting, forfeiture and other terms and conditions as
determined by the plan administrator. Following the vesting of a restricted
stock unit, the award recipient will be paid an amount equal to the number of
vested restricted stock units multiplied by the fair market value of a common
share on the date of vesting, which payment may be paid in the form of cash or
common shares or a combination of both, as determined by the plan administrator.
The plan administrator may grant dividend equivalents with respect to grants of
restricted stock units.
Adjustments
may be made to outstanding awards in the event of a corporate transaction or
change in capitalization or other extraordinary event. In the event of a "change
in control" (as defined in the plan), unless otherwise provided by the plan
administrator in an award agreement, awards then outstanding will become fully
vested and exercisable in full.
Our board
of directors may amend or terminate the plan and may amend outstanding awards,
provided that no such amendment or termination may be made that would materially
impair any rights, or materially increase any obligations, of a grantee under an
outstanding award. Shareholder approval of plan amendments will be required
under certain circumstances. Unless terminated earlier by our board of
directors, the plan will expire ten years from the date the plan is
adopted.
Employment
Agreements
We have
agreed to enter into employment agreements with each of our executives. We
expect that these employment agreements will be in effect for a period of up to
two years, and will automatically renew for the same successive employment
periods unless terminated in accordance with the terms of such agreements.
Pursuant to the terms of their respective employment agreements, our executives
will be prohibited from disclosing or unlawfully using any of our material
confidential information.
Upon a
change in control of the Company, the annual bonus provided under the employment
agreement becomes a fixed bonus of up to 150% of the executive's base salary. If
an executive's employment is terminated within two years of a change in control
due to either disability or a reason other than "for cause," he will be entitled
to receive upon termination an assurance bonus equal to such fixed bonus and an
immediate lump-sum payment in an amount equal to three times the sum of the
Executive's then current Base Salary and the assurance bonus, and he will
continue to receive all salary, compensation payment and benefits, including
additional bonus payments, otherwise due to him, to the extent permitted by
applicable law, for the remaining balance of his then-existing employment
period. If an executive's employment is terminated for cause or voluntarily by
the employee, he shall not be entitled to any salary, benefits or reimbursements
beyond those accrued through the date of his termination, unless he voluntarily
terminated his employment in connection with certain conditions. Those
conditions include a change in control combined with a significant geographic
relocation of his office, a material diminution of his duties and
responsibilities, and other conditions identified in the employment agreement,
substantially in the form of an exhibit attached to this registration
statement.
Our board
of directors currently consists of five directors, three of whom have been
determined by our board of directors to be independent under the rules of the
New York Stock Exchange and the rules and regulations of the SEC. We
have an Audit Committee, a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and a
Compensation Committee, each of which is comprised of our three independent
directors, who are Messrs. Alexandre Albertini, Ademaro Lanzara and Donald
Trauscht. The Audit Committee, among other things, reviews our external
financial reporting, engage our external auditors and oversee our internal audit
activities, procedures and the adequacy of our internal accounting controls. In
addition, provided that no member of the Audit Committee has a material interest
in such transaction, the Audit Committee will be responsible for reviewing
transactions that we may enter into in the future with other members of the
Scorpio Group that our board believes may present potential conflicts of
interest between us and the Scorpio Group. The Nominating and Corporate
Governance Committee is responsible for recommending to the board of directors
nominees for director and directors for appointment to board committees and
advising the board with regard to corporate governance practices. Our
Compensation Committee oversees our equity incentive plan and recommends
director and senior employee compensation. Our shareholders may also nominate
directors in accordance with procedures set forth in our bylaws. There are no
service contracts between us and any of our directors providing for benefits
upon termination of their employment or service.
As of
December 31, 2009, we did not have employees. We currently have six
employees. The commercial and operational responsibility of the Company was
administered by SSM and SCM.
The
following table sets forth information regarding the share ownership of the our
common stock as of June 23, 2010 by our directors and officers, including the
559,458 restricted shares issued to our executive officers and the 9,000
restricted shares issued to our independent directors in the second quarter of
2010 pursuant to our equity incentive plan.
Name
|
|
No.
of Shares (1)
|
|
|
%
Owned
|
|
Emanuele
A. Lauro
|
|
|
225,868 |
|
|
|
1.2 |
% |
Robert
Bugbee
|
|
|
265,618 |
|
|
|
1.4 |
% |
Cameron
Mackey
|
|
|
117,108 |
|
|
|
0.6 |
% |
All
other officers and directors individually
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
(1)
|
Includes
shares of restricted stock from the 2010 Equity Incentive
Plan.
|
* The
remaining officers and directors individually each own less than 1% of our
outstanding shares of common stock.
ITEM
7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The
following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership as of June
23, 2010 of the Company's common stock for owners of more than five percent of
our common stocks of which we are aware.
Name
|
|
No.
of Shares
|
|
|
%
Owned
|
|
Scorpio
Owning Holding Ltd. (1)(2)
|
|
|
5,589,147 |
|
|
|
30.1 |
% |
Steelhead
Partners LLC (3)
|
|
|
1,000,000 |
|
|
|
5.4 |
% |
Steelhead
Navigator Master L.P.
|
|
|
970,000 |
|
|
|
5.2 |
% |
|
(1)
|
Scorpio
Owning Holding Ltd. is 100% owned by Liberty Holding Company Ltd, which is
100% owned by Simon Financial Limited. Simon Financial Limited is
beneficially owned by members of the Lolli-Ghetti
family.
|
|
(2)
|
Emanuele A.
Lauro and Robert Bugbee own 2% and 1.75%, respectively, of Liberty Holding
Company Ltd.
|
|
(3)
|
James
Michael Johnson and Brian Katz Klein, as member-managers of Steelhead
Partners LLC, have shared voting power to direct the 1,000,000 shares held
by Steelhead Partners LLC, and may consequently be deemed to be beneficial
owners of such shares. As Steelhead Partners LLC is the investment manager
of Steelhead Navigator Master L.P., James Michael Johnson and Brian Katz
Klein may be deemed to beneficially own the 970,000 shares held by
Steelhead Navigator Master L.P. However, Steelhead Partners
LLC, James Michael Johnson and Brian Katz Klein disclaim such beneficial
ownership except to the extent of his or its pecuniary interests. All
information regarding Steelhead Partners LLC, Steelhead Navigator Master
L.P., James Michael Johnson and Brian Katz Klein is derived from the
Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on May 11,
2010.
|
|
B.
|
Related
Party Transactions
|
Commercial
and Technical Management Agreements
As our
commercial and technical managers, SCM and SSM provide us with commercial and
technical services pursuant to their respective commercial and technical
management agreements with us. We expect to enter into similar agreements with
respect to each vessel we acquire going forward. Commercial management services
include securing employment, on both spot market and time charters, for our
vessels. Where we plan to employ a vessel on the spot charter market, we intend
to generally place such vessel in a tanker pool managed by our commercial
manager that pertains to that vessel's size class. Technical management services
include day-to-day vessel operation, performing general maintenance, monitoring
regulatory and classification society compliance, customer vetting procedures,
supervising the maintenance and general efficiency of vessels, arranging the
hiring of qualified officers and crew, arranging and supervising drydocking and
repairs, purchasing supplies, spare parts and new equipment for vessels,
appointing supervisors and technical consultants and providing technical
support. We pay our managers fees for these services and reimburse our managers
for the reasonable direct or indirect expenses they incur in providing us with
these services.
We pay
our commercial manager and technical manager management fees. For the
years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, certain of the expenses
incurred for commercial, technical and administrative management services were
under management agreements with other Scorpio Group entities, which are related
parties. Since agreements with related parties are by definition not at arms
length, the expenses incurred under these agreements may have been different
than the historical costs incurred if the subsidiaries had operated as
unaffiliated entities during prior periods. Our estimates of any differences
between historical expenses and the expenses that may have been incurred had the
subsidiaries been stand-alone entities have been disclosed below and in the
notes to the historical consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in
this filing.
Since
December 1, 2009, we pay SCM, our commercial manager, a fee of $250 per
vessel per day plus a 1.25% commission per charter fixture to provide commercial
management services for Noemi and Senatore. Venice is part of the Scorpio
Panamax Tanker Pool, whose pool participants collectively pay SCM's agent fee of
$250 per vessel per day plus 1.25% commission per charter fixture. We pay our
technical manager $548 per vessel per day to provide technical management
services for each of our vessels. We have entered into separate commercial and
technical management agreements for each of our vessels, and both our commercial
management agreements with SCM and our technical management agreements with SSM
are for a period of three years, and may be terminated upon two year's
notice.