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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.  20549

FORM 10-K

x
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018

OR

o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from            to           

Commission file number 1-4482

ARROW ELECTRONICS INC
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
New York
11-1806155
(State or other jurisdiction of
(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)
Identification Number)
9201 East Dry Creek Road, Centennial, Colorado
80112
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
(303) 824-4000
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
 
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $1 par value
 
New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.     Yes o No x
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.           Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o
 
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company.  See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 
Large accelerated filer x
Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer o 
Smaller reporting company o
 
Emerging growth company o
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o   No x

The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter was $6,477,885,555.

There were 84,917,353 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of February 1, 2019.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

The definitive proxy statement related to the registrant's Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be held May 9, 2019 is incorporated by reference in Part III to the extent described therein.


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 


 

2



PART I
Item 1.    Business.

Arrow Electronics, Inc. (the "company" or "Arrow") is a global provider of products, services, and solutions to industrial and commercial users of electronic components and enterprise computing solutions. The company has one of the world’s broadest portfolios of product offerings available from leading electronic components and enterprise computing solutions suppliers, coupled with a range of services, solutions, and tools that help industrial and commercial customers introduce innovative products, reduce their time to market, and enhance their overall competitiveness. Arrow was incorporated in New York in 1946 and serves over 200,000 customers.

Arrow's diverse worldwide customer base consists of original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs"), value-added resellers ("VARs"), Managed Service Providers ("MSPs"), contract manufacturers ("CMs"), and other commercial customers. These customers include manufacturers of industrial equipment (such as machine tools, factory automation, and robotic equipment) and consumer products serving industries ranging from telecommunications, automotive and transportation, aerospace and defense, medical, professional services, and alternative energy, among others.

The company has two business segments, the global components business and the global enterprise computing solutions ("ECS") business. The company distributes electronic components to OEMs and CMs through its global components business segment and provides enterprise computing solutions to VARs and MSPs through its global ECS business segment. For 2018, approximately 70% of the company's sales were from the global components business segment, and approximately 30% of the company's sales were from the global ECS business segment. The financial information about the company's business segments and geographic operations is found in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The company maintains over 300 sales facilities and 49 distribution and value-added centers, serving over 80 countries. Both business segments have operations in each of the three largest electronics markets; the Americas; Europe, Middle East, and Africa ("EMEA"); and Asia Pacific regions. Through this network, Arrow guides innovation forward by helping its customers deliver new technologies, new materials, new ideas, and new electronics that impact the business community and consumers.

The company's financial objectives are to grow sales faster than the market, increase the markets served, grow profits faster than sales, and increase return on invested capital. To achieve its objectives, the company seeks to capture significant opportunities to grow across products, markets, and geographies. To supplement its organic growth strategy, the company continually evaluates strategic acquisitions to broaden its product and value-added service offerings, increase its market penetration, and expand its geographic reach.
  
Global Components

Global components markets and distributes electronic components and provides a comprehensive range of value-added capabilities throughout the entire life cycle of technology products and services. The company provides customers with the ability to deliver the latest technologies to the market through design engineering, global marketing and integration, global logistics, and supply chain management. The company offers the convenience of accessing, from a single source, multiple technologies and products from its suppliers with rapid or scheduled deliveries. Additionally, the company offers expertise in sustainable technology solutions to guide enterprise customers through the entire technology life cycle. Most of the company's customers require delivery of their orders on schedules or volumes that are generally not available on direct purchases from manufacturers.
Within the global components business segment, net sales of approximately 68% consist of semiconductor products and related services; approximately 19% consist of passive, electro-mechanical, and interconnect products, consisting primarily of capacitors, resistors, potentiometers, power supplies, relays, switches, and connectors; approximately 10% consist of computing and memory; and approximately 3% consist of other products and services.

Over the past three years, the global components business segment completed 6 strategic acquisitions to broaden its digital capabilities to meet the evolving needs of customers and suppliers. These acquisitions also expanded the global components business segment's portfolio of products and services offerings at every phase of technology deployment, including custom hardware and software, and new Internet of Things based business models.



3

Global ECS

The company's global ECS business segment is a leading value-added provider of comprehensive computing solutions and services. Global ECS’ portfolio of computing solutions includes data-center, cloud, security, and analytics solutions. Global ECS brings broad market access, extensive supplier relationships, scale, and resources to help its VARs and MSPs meet the needs of their end-users. Global ECS works with VARs and MSPs to tailor complex IT solutions for their end-users. Customers have access to various services including engineering and integration support, warehousing and logistics, marketing resources, and authorized hardware and software training. Global ECS’ suppliers benefit from demand creation, speed to market, and efficient supply chain management.

Within the global ECS business segment, net sales of approximately 39% consist of software, 37% consist of storage, 12% consist of industry standard servers, 6% consist of proprietary servers, and 6% consist of other products and services.

Over the past three years, the global ECS business segment completed two strategic acquisitions to further expand its portfolio of products. Aligned with the vision of guiding innovation forward in the IT channel, the company is investing in emerging and adjacent markets, such as managed services and unified computing, within the ECS business.

Customers and Suppliers

The company and its affiliates serve over 200,000 industrial and commercial customers. Industrial customers range from major OEMs and CMs to small engineering firms, while commercial customers primarily include VARs, MSPs, and OEMs. No single customer accounted for more than 2% of the company's 2018 consolidated sales.

The company’s sales teams focus on an extensive portfolio of products and services to support customers’ material management and production needs, including connecting customers to the company’s field application engineers that provide technical support and serve as a gateway to the company’s supplier partners. The company’s sales representatives generally focus on a specific customer segment, particular product lines or a specific geography, and provide end-to-end product offerings and solutions with an emphasis on helping customers introduce innovative products, reduce their time to market, and enhance their overall competitiveness.

Substantially all of the company's sales are made on an order-by-order basis, rather than through long-term sales contracts. As such, the nature of the company's business does not provide visibility of material forward-looking information from its customers and suppliers beyond a few months.

No single supplier accounted for more than 10% of the company's consolidated sales in 2018. The company believes that many of the products it sells are available from other sources at competitive prices. However, certain parts of the company's business, such as the company's global ECS business segment, rely on a limited number of suppliers with the strategy of providing focused support, extensive product knowledge, and customized service to suppliers and VARs. Most of the company's purchases are pursuant to distributor agreements, which are typically non-exclusive and cancelable by either party at any time or on short notice.

Distribution Agreements

Certain agreements with suppliers protect the company against the potential write-down of inventories due to technological change or suppliers' price reductions. These contractual provisions typically provide certain protections to the company for product obsolescence and price erosion in the form of return privileges, scrap allowances, and price protection. Under the terms of the related distributor agreements and assuming the company complies with certain conditions, such suppliers are required to credit the company for reductions in suppliers' list prices. As of December 31, 2018, this type of arrangement covered approximately 49% of the company's consolidated inventories. In addition, under the terms of many such agreements, the company has the right to return to the supplier, for credit, a defined portion of those inventory items purchased within a designated period of time.

A supplier, which elects to terminate a distribution agreement, may be required to purchase from the company the total amount of its products carried in inventory. As of December 31, 2018, this type of repurchase arrangement covered approximately 54% of the company's consolidated inventories.

While these inventory practices do not wholly protect the company from inventory losses, the company believes that they currently provide substantial protection from such losses.


4

Competition

The company operates in a highly competitive environment, both in the United States and internationally. The company competes with other large multinational and national electronic components and enterprise computing solutions distributors, as well as numerous other smaller, specialized competitors who generally focus on narrower markets, products, or particular sectors. The company also competes for customers with its suppliers. The size of the company's competitors vary across markets sectors, as do the resources the company has allocated to the sectors in which it does business. Therefore, some of the company's competitors may have a more extensive customer and/or supplier base than the company in one or more of its market sectors. There is significant competition within each market sector and geography served that creates pricing pressure and the need to continually improve services. Other competitive factors include rapid technological changes, product availability, credit availability, speed of delivery, ability to tailor solutions to customer needs, quality and depth of product lines and training, as well as service and support provided by the distributor to the customer.

The company also faces competition from companies entering or expanding into the logistics and product fulfillment, electronic catalog distribution, and e-commerce supply chain services markets. As the company seeks to expand its business into new areas in order to stay competitive in the market, the company may encounter increased competition from its current and/or new competitors.

The company believes that it is well equipped to compete effectively with its competitors in all of these areas due to its comprehensive product and service offerings, highly-skilled work force, and global distribution network.

Employees

The company and its affiliates employed approximately 20,100 employees worldwide as of December 31, 2018.

Available Information

The company files its Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, Proxy Statements, and other documents with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The company's SEC filings are available to the public on the SEC's Web site at http://www.sec.gov and through the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE"), 11 Wall Street, New York, New York 10005, on which the company's common stock is listed.

A copy of any of the company's filings with the SEC, or any of the agreements or other documents that constitute exhibits to those filings, can be obtained by request directed to the company at the following address and telephone number:

Arrow Electronics, Inc.
9201 East Dry Creek Road
Centennial, Colorado 80112
(303) 824-4000
Attention: Corporate Secretary

The company also makes these filings available, free of charge, through its website (http://www.arrow.com) as soon as reasonably practicable after the company files such materials with the SEC. The company does not intend this internet address to be an active link or to otherwise incorporate the contents of the website into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.


5

Executive Officers

The following table sets forth the names, ages, and the positions held by each of the executive officers of the company as of February 7, 2019:

Name
Age
Position
Michael J. Long
60
Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer
Matt Anderson
40
Senior Vice President, Chief Digital Officer
Sean J. Kerins
56
President, Arrow Global Enterprise Computing Solutions
Andy King
55
President, Arrow Global Components
Chuck Kostalnick
53
Senior Vice President, Chief Supply Chain Officer
Vincent P. Melvin
55
Senior Vice President, Chief Information Officer
M. Catherine Morris
60
Senior Vice President, Chief Strategy Officer
Chris D. Stansbury
53
Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Gregory P. Tarpinian
57
Senior Vice President, Chief Legal Officer
Gretchen K. Zech
49
Senior Vice President, Chief Human Resources Officer

Set forth below is a brief account of the business experience during the past five years of each executive officer of the company.

Michael J. Long has been Chairman of the Board of Directors, President, and Chief Executive Officer of the company for more than five years.

Matt Anderson was appointed Senior Vice President, Chief Digital Officer in July 2017. Prior thereto he served as Chief Digital Officer from October 2014 to June 2017. Prior to joining Arrow he served as General Manager and Chief Digital Officer at Hibu from January 2013 to September 2014.

Sean J. Kerins was appointed President of Arrow Global Enterprise Computing Solutions in May 2014. Prior thereto he served as President of North America Enterprise Computing Solutions from July 2010 to May 2014.

Andy King was appointed President of Arrow Global Components in November 2015. Prior thereto he served as President of EMEA Components from November 2013 to November 2015.

Chuck Kostalnick was appointed Senior Vice President, Chief Supply Chain Officer in July 2017. Prior thereto he served as President, Arrow Sustainable Technology Solutions from August 2016 to July 2017. Before joining Arrow he served as Executive Vice President and Chief Business Officer at Sanmina from September 2013 to July 2016.

Vincent P. Melvin has been Senior Vice President and Chief Information Officer of the company for more than five years.

M. Catherine Morris has been Senior Vice President and Chief Strategy Officer of the company for more than five years.

Chris D. Stansbury was appointed Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in May 2016. Prior thereto he served as Vice President, Finance and Chief Accounting Officer from August 2014 to May 2016. Prior to joining Arrow he served as the Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer for Hewlett Packard’s Global Networking business from September 2013 to July 2014.

Gregory P. Tarpinian was appointed Senior Vice President and Chief Legal Officer in January 2015. Prior thereto he served as the Vice President of Legal Affairs for more than five years.

Gretchen K. Zech has been Senior Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer of the company for more than five years.

6

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Described below and throughout this report are certain risks that the company's management believes are applicable to the company's business and the industries in which it operates. If any of the described events occur, the company's business, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, or access to the capital markets could be materially adversely affected. When stated below that a risk may have a material adverse effect on the company's business, it means that such risk may have one or more of these effects. There may be additional risks that are not presently material or known. There are also risks within the economy, the industry, and the capital markets that could materially adversely affect the company, including those associated with an economic recession, inflation, a global economic slowdown, political instability, employee attraction and retention, and those associated with customers' inability or refusal to pay for the products and services provided by the company. There are also risks associated with the occurrence of natural disasters such as tsunamis, hurricanes, tornadoes, and floods. These factors affect businesses generally, including the company, its customers and suppliers and, as a result, are not discussed in detail below, but are applicable to the company. Included below are some risks pertaining to specific government regulation, however, not all regulations applicable to the company or unanticipated regulation changes (such as changes in tax regulations in the various geographies we operate) have been described. The continuing expansion of government laws and regulations, some that may apply specifically to the company's industry and others to the market generally, as well as any actions taken by activist investors, could negatively impact the company's profitability.
 
If the company is unable to maintain its relationships with its suppliers or if the suppliers materially change the terms of their existing agreements with the company, the company's business could be materially adversely affected.

A substantial portion of the company's inventory is purchased from suppliers with which the company has entered into non-exclusive distribution agreements. These agreements are typically cancelable on short notice (generally 30 to 90 days). Some of the company's businesses rely on a limited number of suppliers to provide a high percentage of their revenues. For example, sales of products from one of the company's suppliers accounted for approximately 9% of the company's consolidated sales. To the extent that the company's significant suppliers reduce the number of products they sell through distribution, are unwilling to continue to do business with the company, or are unable to continue to meet or significantly alter their obligations, the company's business could be materially adversely affected. In addition, to the extent that the company's suppliers modify the terms of their contracts to the detriment of the company, limit supplies due to capacity constraints, or other factors, there could be a material adverse effect on the company's business. Further, the supplier landscape has experienced a consolidation, which could negatively impact the company if the surviving, consolidated suppliers decide to exclude the company from their supply chain efforts.

The competitive pressures the company faces could have a material adverse effect on the company's business.

The company operates in a highly competitive international environment. The company competes with other large multinational and national electronic components and enterprise computing solutions distributors, as well as numerous other smaller, specialized competitors who generally focus on narrower markets, products, industries, or particular sectors. The company also competes for customers with its suppliers. The size of the company's competitors vary across market sectors, as do the resources the company has allocated to the sectors in which it does business. Therefore, some of the company's competitors may have a more extensive customer and/or supplier base than the company in one or more of its market sectors. There is significant competition within each market sector and geography that creates pricing pressure and the need for constant attention to improve services. Other competitive factors include rapid technological changes, product availability, credit availability, speed of delivery, ability to tailor solutions to customer needs, quality and depth of product lines and training, as well as service and support provided by the distributor to the customer. The company also faces competition from companies in the logistics and product fulfillment, catalog distribution, and e-commerce supply chain services markets. As the company continues to expand its business into new areas in order to stay competitive in the market, such as in the area of the "Internet of Things" and its expansion in the digital market, the company may encounter increased competition from its current and/or new competitors. The company's failure to maintain and enhance its competitive position could have a material adverse effect on its business.

The company may not be able to adequately anticipate, prevent, or mitigate damage resulting from criminal and other illegal or fraudulent activities committed against it.

It is clear that global businesses like ours are facing increasing risks of criminal, illegal, and other fraudulent acts.  The evolving nature of such threats, in light of new and sophisticated methods used by criminals, including phishing, misrepresentation, social engineering and forgery, are making it increasingly difficult for us to anticipate and adequately mitigate these risks. In addition, designing and implementing measures to defend against, prevent, and detect these types of activities are increasingly costly and invasive into the operations of the business.  As a result, we could experience a material loss in the future to the extent that controls and other measures we implement to address these threats fail to prevent or detect such acts.



7


Products sold by the company may be found to be defective and, as a result, warranty and/or product liability claims may be asserted against the company, which may have a material adverse effect on the company.
 
The company sells its components at prices that are significantly lower than the cost of the equipment or other goods in which they are incorporated. As a result, the company may face claims for damages (such as consequential damages) that are disproportionate to the revenues and profits it receives from the components involved in the claims. While the company typically has provisions in its supplier agreements that hold the supplier accountable for defective products, and the company and its suppliers generally exclude consequential damages in their standard terms and conditions, the company's ability to avoid such liabilities may be limited as a result of differing factors, such as the inability to exclude such damages due to the laws of some of the countries where it does business. The company's business could be materially adversely affected as a result of a significant quality or performance issue in the products sold by the company, if it is required to pay for the associated damages. Although the company currently has product liability insurance, such insurance is limited in coverage and amount. Further, when relying on contractual liability exclusions, the company could lose customers if their claims are not addressed to their satisfaction.
 
Declines in value and other factors pertaining to the company's inventory could materially adversely affect its business.

The market for the company's products and services is subject to rapid technological change, evolving industry standards, changes in end-market demand, oversupply of product, and regulatory requirements, which can contribute to the decline in value or obsolescence of inventory. Although most of the company's suppliers provide the company with certain protections from the loss in value of inventory (such as price protection and certain rights of return), the company cannot be sure that such protections will fully compensate it for the loss in value, or that the suppliers will choose to, or be able to, honor such agreements. For example, many of the company's suppliers will not allow products to be returned after they have been held in inventory beyond a certain amount of time, and, in most instances, the return rights are limited to a certain percentage of the amount of product the company purchased in a particular time frame. All of these factors pertaining to inventory could have a material adverse effect on the company's business.

The company is subject to environmental laws and regulations that could materially adversely affect its business.

A number of jurisdictions in which the company's products are sold have enacted laws addressing environmental and other impacts from product disposal, use of hazardous materials in products, use of chemicals in manufacturing, recycling of products at the end of their useful life, and other related matters. These laws prohibit the use of certain substances in the manufacture of the company's products and impose a variety of requirements for modification of manufacturing processes, registration, chemical testing, labeling, and other matters. Failure to comply with these laws or any other applicable environmental regulations could result in fines or suspension of sales. Additionally, these directives and regulations may result in the company having non-compliant inventory that may be less readily salable or have to be written off.

Some environmental laws impose liability, sometimes without fault, for investigating or cleaning up contamination on or emanating from the company's currently or formerly owned, leased, or operated property, as well as for damages to property or natural resources and for personal injury arising out of such contamination. As the distribution business, in general, does not involve the manufacture of products, it is typically not subject to significant liability in this area. However, there may be occasions, including through acquisitions, where environmental liability arises. Two sites for which the company assumed responsibility as part of the Wyle Electronics ("Wyle") acquisition are known to have environmental issues, one at Norco, California and the other at Huntsville, Alabama. The company was also named as a defendant in a private lawsuit filed in connection with alleged contamination at a small industrial building formerly leased by Wyle Laboratories in El Segundo, California. The lawsuit was settled, but the possibility remains that government entities or others may attempt to involve the company in further characterization or remediation of groundwater issues in the area. The presence of environmental contamination could also interfere with ongoing operations or adversely affect the company's ability to sell or lease its properties. The discovery of contamination for which the company is responsible, the enactment of new laws and regulations, or changes in how existing requirements are enforced, could require the company to incur costs for compliance or subject it to unexpected liabilities.

Expansion into the electronic asset disposition market has broadened the company's risk profile.
 
The company provides services related to electronic devices being disposed of by business customers. These services include, the data sanitation of storage devices from customer equipment and either recycling the equipment through resale or disposing of it in an environmentally compliant manner.  The company may also hold equipment in order to protect and preserve customer data.  If the company does not meet its contractual and regulatory obligations with respect to such data, it could be subject to financial damages, penalties, and damage to reputation.  Also, the company's or its subcontractors' failure to comply with applicable environmental laws and regulations in disposing of the equipment could result in liability.  Such environmental liability may be

8

joint and several, meaning that the company could be held responsible for more than its share of the liability involved.   To the extent that company fails to comply with its obligations and such failure is not covered by insurance, the company's business could be adversely affected.

The company may not have adequate or cost-effective liquidity or capital resources.

The company requires cash or committed liquidity facilities for general corporate purposes, such as funding its ongoing working capital, acquisitions, and capital expenditure needs, as well as to refinance indebtedness. At December 31, 2018, the company had cash and cash equivalents of $509.3 million. In addition, the company currently has access to committed credit lines of $2.0 billion and a committed asset securitization program of $1.2 billion, of which the company had outstanding borrowings of $810.0 million at December 31, 2018. The company's ability to satisfy its cash needs depends on its ability to generate cash from operations and to access the financial markets, both of which are subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory, and other factors that are beyond its control.

The company may, in the future, need to access the financial markets to satisfy its cash needs. The company's ability to obtain external financing is affected by various factors including general financial market conditions and the company's debt ratings. Further, any increase in the company's level of debt, change in status of its debt from unsecured to secured debt, or deterioration of its operating results may cause a reduction in its current debt ratings. Any downgrade in the company's current debt rating or tightening of credit availability could impair the company's ability to obtain additional financing or renew existing credit facilities on acceptable terms. Under the terms of any external financing, the company may incur higher financing expenses and become subject to additional restrictions and covenants. For example, the company's existing debt agreements contain restrictive covenants, including covenants requiring compliance with specified financial ratios, and a failure to comply with these or any other covenants may result in an event of default. An increase in the company's financing costs or loss of access to cost-effective capital resources could have a material adverse effect on the company's business.

The agreements governing some of the company's financing arrangements contain various covenants and restrictions that limit some of management's discretion in operating the business and could prevent the company from engaging in some activities that may be beneficial to its business.

The agreements governing the company's financings contain various covenants and restrictions that, in certain circumstances, could limit its ability to:

•
grant liens on assets;
•
make investments;
•
merge, consolidate, or transfer all or substantially all of its assets;
•
incur additional debt; or
•
engage in certain transactions with affiliates.

As a result of these covenants and restrictions, the company may be limited in how it conducts its business and may be unable to raise additional debt, compete effectively, or make investments.

The company's lack of long-term sales contracts may have a material adverse effect on its business.

Most of the company's sales are made on an order-by-order basis, rather than through long-term sales contracts. The company generally works with its customers to develop non-binding forecasts for future orders. Based on such non-binding forecasts, the company makes commitments regarding the level of business that it will seek and accept, the inventory that it purchases, and the levels of utilization of personnel and other resources. A variety of conditions, both specific to each customer and generally affecting each customer's industry may cause customers to cancel, reduce, or delay orders that were either previously made or anticipated, file for bankruptcy protection or fail, or default on their payments. Generally, customers cancel, reduce, or delay purchase orders and commitments without penalty. The company seeks to mitigate these risks, in some cases, by entering into noncancelable/nonreturnable sales agreements, but there is no guarantee that such agreements will adequately protect the company. Significant or numerous cancellations, reductions, delays in orders by customers, loss of customers, and/or customer defaults on payments could materially adversely affect the company's business.

The company's revenues originate primarily from the sales of semiconductor, PEMCO (passive, electro-mechanical and connector), IT hardware and software products, the sales of which are traditionally cyclical.

The semiconductor industry historically has experienced fluctuations in product supply and demand, often associated with changes in technology and manufacturing capacity and subject to significant economic market upturns and downturns. Sales of

9

semiconductor products and related services represented approximately 45%, 46%, and 42% of the company's consolidated sales in 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. The sale of the company's PEMCO products closely tracks the semiconductor market. Accordingly, the company's revenues and profitability, particularly in its global components business segment, tend to closely follow the strength or weakness of the semiconductor market. Further, economic weakness could cause a decline in spending in information technology, which could have a negative impact on the company's ECS business. A cyclical downturn in the technology industry could have a material adverse effect on the company's business and negatively impact its ability to maintain historical profitability levels.

The company's non-U.S. sales represent a significant portion of its revenues, and consequently, the company is exposed to risks associated with operating internationally.

In 2018, 2017, and 2016, approximately 59%, 58%, and 57%, respectively, of the company's sales came from its operations outside the United States. As a result of the company's international sales and locations, its operations are subject to a variety of risks that are specific to international operations, including the following:

•
import and export regulations that could erode profit margins or restrict exports;
•
the burden and cost of compliance with international laws, treaties, and technical standards and changes in those regulations; 
•
potential restrictions on transfers of funds;
•
import and export duties and value-added taxes;
•
transportation delays and interruptions;
•
the burden and cost of compliance with complex multi-national tax laws and regulations;
•
uncertainties arising from local business practices and cultural considerations;
•
enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or similar laws of other jurisdictions;
•
foreign laws that potentially discriminate against companies which are headquartered outside that jurisdiction;
•
volatility associated with sovereign debt of certain international economies;
•
the uncertainty surrounding the implementation and effects of Brexit;
•
potential military conflicts and political risks; and
•
currency fluctuations, which the company attempts to minimize through traditional hedging instruments.

Furthermore, products the company sells which are either manufactured in the United States or based on U.S. technology ("U.S. Products") are subject to the Export Administration Regulations ("EAR") when exported and re-exported to and from all international jurisdictions, in addition to the local jurisdiction's export regulations applicable to individual shipments. Licenses or proper license exemptions may be required by local jurisdictions' export regulations, including EAR, for the shipment of certain U.S. Products to certain countries, including China, India, Russia, and other countries in which the company operates. Non-compliance with the EAR or other applicable export regulations can result in a wide range of penalties including the denial of export privileges, fines, criminal penalties, and the seizure of inventories. In the event that any export regulatory body determines that any shipments made by the company violate the applicable export regulations, the company could be fined significant sums and/or its export capabilities could be restricted, which could have a material adverse effect on the company's business.

Also, the company's gross margins in the components business in the Asia/Pacific region tend to be lower than those in the other markets in which the company sells products and services. If sales in this market increase as a percentage of overall sales, consolidated gross margins will be lower. While the company has and will continue to adopt measures to reduce the potential impact of losses resulting from the risks of doing business abroad, it cannot ensure that such measures will be adequate and, therefore, could have a material adverse effect on its business.

Moreover, our effective tax rate may be adversely impacted by, among other things, changes in the mix of our earnings among countries having different statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets, and certain international tax policy efforts, including the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development’s ("OECD") Base Erosion and Profit Shifting ("BEPS") Project, the European Commission’s state aid investigations, and other initiatives adversely affecting taxation of international businesses. Furthermore, many of the countries where we are subject to taxes are independently evaluating their tax policy and some have already passed tax legislation which affect international businesses.  For instance, on December 22, 2017, the U.S. federal government enacted tax legislation ("Tax Act"), which significantly changed the tax laws by favorably reducing the corporate federal tax rate (35% to 21%) and moving to a territorial system, while simultaneously imposing an unfavorable one-time tax on accumulated foreign earnings, limiting deductibility of certain import related costs, including interest expense, and creating a new tax on certain international activities. Additionally, our tax returns are subject to periodic audits by U.S. and foreign tax authorities, and these audits may result in allocations of income and/or deductions that may result in tax assessments different from amounts that we have estimated. We regularly assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from these audits to determine the adequacy of our provision for taxes. Such tax changes, to the extent they are brought against us, could increase

10

our effective tax rates in many of the countries where we have operations and ultimately have an adverse effect on our overall tax liability, along with increasing the complexity, burden and cost of tax compliance, all of which could impact our operating results, cash flows, and financial condition.

When the company makes acquisitions, it may take on additional liabilities or not be able to successfully integrate such acquisitions.

As part of the company's history and growth strategy, it has acquired other businesses. Acquisitions involve numerous risks, including the following:

•
effectively combining the acquired operations, technologies, or products;
•
unanticipated costs or assumed liabilities, including those associated with regulatory actions or investigations;
•
not realizing the anticipated financial benefit from the acquired companies;
•
diversion of management's attention;
•
negative effects on existing customer and supplier relationships; and
•
potential loss of key employees, especially those of the acquired companies.

Further, the company has made, and may continue to make acquisitions of, or investments in new services, businesses or technologies to expand its current service offerings and product lines. Some of these may involve risks that may differ from those traditionally associated with the company's core distribution business, including undertaking product or service warranty responsibilities that in its traditional core business would generally reside primarily with its suppliers. If the company is not successful in mitigating or insuring against such risks, it could have a material adverse effect on the company's business.

The company's goodwill and identifiable intangible assets could become impaired, which could reduce the value of its assets and reduce its net income in the year in which the write-off occurs.

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the assets acquired. The company also ascribes value to certain identifiable intangible assets, which consist primarily of customer relationships and trade names, among others, as a result of acquisitions. The company may incur impairment charges on goodwill or identifiable intangible assets if it determines that the fair values of the goodwill or identifiable intangible assets are less than their current carrying values. The company evaluates, on a regular basis, whether events or circumstances have occurred that indicate all, or a portion, of the carrying amount of goodwill or identifiable intangible assets may no longer be recoverable, in which case an impairment charge to earnings would become necessary.

Refer to Notes 1 and 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements and 'Critical Accounting Policies' in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for further discussion of the impairment testing of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets.

A decline in general economic conditions, a substantial increase in market interest rates, or the company’s inability to meet long term working capital or operating income projections could impact future valuations of the company's reporting units, and the company could be required to record an impairment charge in the future, which could impact the company's consolidated balance sheet, as well as the company's consolidated statement of operations. If the company was required to recognize an impairment charge in the future, the charge would not impact the company's consolidated cash flows, current liquidity, capital resources, and covenants under its existing revolving credit facility, asset securitization program, and other outstanding borrowings.
If the company fails to maintain an effective system of internal controls or discovers material weaknesses in its internal controls over financial reporting, it may not be able to report its financial results accurately or timely or detect fraud, which could have a material adverse effect on its business.

An effective internal control environment is necessary for the company to produce reliable financial reports, safeguard assets, and is an important part of its effort to prevent financial fraud. The company is required to annually evaluate the effectiveness of the design and operation of its internal controls over financial reporting. Based on these evaluations, the company may conclude that enhancements, modifications, or changes to internal controls are necessary or desirable. While management evaluates the effectiveness of the company's internal controls on a regular basis, these controls may not always be effective. There are inherent limitations on the effectiveness of internal controls, including collusion, management override, and failure in human judgment. In addition, control procedures are designed to reduce rather than eliminate financial statement risk. If the company fails to maintain an effective system of internal controls, or if management or the company's independent registered public accounting firm discovers material weaknesses in the company's internal controls, it may be unable to produce reliable financial reports or prevent fraud, which could have a material adverse effect on the company's business. In addition, the company may be subject

11

to sanctions or investigation by regulatory authorities, such as the SEC or the NYSE. Any such actions could result in an adverse reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of confidence in the reliability of the company's financial statements, which could cause the market price of its common stock to decline or limit the company's access to capital.

Cyber security and privacy breaches may hurt the company’s business, damage its reputation, increase its costs, and cause losses.

The company’s information technology systems could be subject to invasion, cyber-attack, or data privacy breaches by employees, others with authorized access, and unauthorized persons. Such attacks could result in disruption to the company’s operations, loss or disclosure of, or damage to, the company’s or any of its customer’s or supplier’s data, confidential information, or reputation. The company’s information technology systems security measures may also be breached due to employee error, malfeasance, or otherwise. Additionally, outside parties may attempt to fraudulently induce employees, customers or suppliers to disclose sensitive information in order to gain access to the company’s data and information technology systems. Any such breach could result in significant legal and financial exposure, damage to the company’s reputation, loss of competitive advantage, and a loss of confidence in the security of the company’s information technology systems that could potentially have an impact on the company’s business. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade, or sabotage the company’s information technology systems change frequently and often are not recognized until launched, the company may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventive measures. Further, third parties, such as hosted solution providers, that provide services for the company’s operations, could also be a source of security risk in the event of a failure of their own security systems and infrastructure. In addition, sophisticated hardware and operating system software and applications that the company procures from third parties may contain defects in design or manufacture, including "bugs" and other problems that could unexpectedly interfere with the operation of the company’s information technology systems.

The company makes investments seeking to address risks and vulnerabilities, including ongoing monitoring, updating networks and systems, and personnel awareness training of potential cybersecurity threats to help ensure employees remain diligent in identifying potential risks. In addition, we have deployed monitoring capabilities to support early detection, internal and external escalation, and effective responses to potential anomalies. As part of the company’s regular review of potential risks, the company analyzes emerging cybersecurity threats as well as the company’s plan and strategies to address them and presents them to senior management. Although the company has developed systems and processes that are designed to protect information and prevent data loss and other security breaches, including systems and processes designed to reduce the impact of a security breach, such measures cannot provide absolute security. Such breaches, whether successful or unsuccessful, could result in the company incurring costs related to, for example, rebuilding internal systems, defending against litigation, responding to regulatory inquiries or actions, paying damages, or taking other remedial steps.

Also, global privacy legislation, enforcement, and policy activity are rapidly expanding and creating a complex compliance environment. The company’s failure to comply with federal, state, or international privacy related or data protection laws and regulations could result in proceedings against the company by governmental entities or others. Although the company has insurance coverage for protecting against loss from cyber security risks, it may not be sufficient to cover all possible claims, and the company may suffer losses that could have a material adverse effect on its business.

The company relies heavily on its internal information systems, which, if not properly functioning, could materially adversely affect the company's business.

The company's current global operations reside on multiple technology platforms.  The size and complexity of the company's computer systems make them potentially vulnerable to breakdown, malicious intrusion, and random attack.

In 2018, the company completed the process of implementing a global enterprise resource planning ("ERP") system to standardize its global components processes worldwide and adopt best-in-class capabilities.  The company committed significant resources to this new ERP system, which replaced multiple legacy systems of the company.  This conversion was extremely complex, in part, because of the wide range of processes and the multiple legacy systems that must be integrated globally.  To date, the company has not experienced any identifiable significant issues. Failure to properly or adequately address any unaccounted for or unforeseen issues could impact the company's ability to perform necessary business operations, which could materially adversely affect the company's business.

The company may be subject to intellectual property rights claims, which are costly to defend, could require payment of damages or licensing fees and could limit the company's ability to use certain technologies in the future.

Certain of the company's products and services include intellectual property owned primarily by the company's third party suppliers and, to a lesser extent, the company itself. Substantial litigation and threats of litigation regarding intellectual property rights exist

12

in the semiconductor/integrated circuit, software and some service industries. From time to time, third parties (including certain companies in the business of acquiring patents not for the purpose of developing technology but with the intention of aggressively seeking licensing revenue from purported infringers) may assert patent, copyright and/or other intellectual property rights to technologies that are important to the company's business. In some cases, depending on the nature of the claim, the company may be able to seek indemnification from its suppliers for itself and its customers against such claims, but there is no assurance that it will be successful in obtaining such indemnification or that the company is fully protected against such claims. In addition, the company is exposed to potential liability for technology that it develops itself or combines multiple technologies of its suppliers for which it may have limited or no indemnification protections. In any dispute involving products or services that incorporate intellectual property from multiple sources or is developed, licensed by the company, or obtained through acquisition, the company's customers could also become the targets of litigation. The company is obligated in many instances to indemnify and defend its customers if the products or services the company sells are alleged to infringe any third party's intellectual property rights. Any infringement claim brought against the company, regardless of the duration, outcome, or size of damage award, could:

•
result in substantial cost to the company;
•
divert management's attention and resources;
•
be time consuming to defend;
•
result in substantial damage awards; or
•
cause product shipment delays.

Additionally, if an infringement claim is successful, the company may be required to pay damages or seek royalty or license arrangements, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms. The payment of any such damages or royalties may significantly increase the company's operating expenses and harm the company's operating results and financial condition. Also, royalty or license arrangements may not be available at all. The company may have to stop selling certain products or using technologies, which could affect the company's ability to compete effectively.

Compliance with government regulations regarding the use of "conflict minerals" may result in increased costs and risks to the company.

As part of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the "Act"), the SEC has promulgated disclosure requirements regarding the use of certain minerals, which are mined from the Democratic Republic of Congo and adjoining countries, known as conflict minerals. The disclosure rules were effective in May 2014. The company must publicly disclose the process it took to determine whether it manufactures (as defined in the Act) any products that contain conflict minerals. Customers typically rely on the company to provide critical data regarding the parts they purchase, including conflict mineral information. The company's material sourcing is broad-based and multi-tiered, and it is not able to easily verify the origins for conflict minerals used in all of the products it sells. The company has many suppliers and each provides conflict mineral information in a different manner, if at all. Accordingly, because the supply chain is complex, the company may face reputational challenges if it is unable to sufficiently verify the origins of conflict minerals used in its products. Additionally, customers may demand that the products they purchase be free of conflict minerals. This may limit the number of suppliers that can provide products in sufficient quantities to meet customer demand or at competitive prices.

New tariffs may result in increased prices and could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Recently, the U.S. government imposed tariffs on certain products imported into the U.S. and the Chinese government imposed tariffs on certain products imported into China, which have increased the prices of many of the products that the company purchases from its suppliers. The new tariffs, along with any additional tariffs or trade restrictions that may be implemented by the U.S. or other countries, could result in further increased prices. While the company intends to pass price increases on to our customers, the effect of tariffs on prices may impact sales and results of operations. Retaliatory tariffs imposed by other countries on U.S. goods have not yet had a significant impact, but we cannot predict further developments. The tariffs and the additional operational costs incurred in minimizing the number of products subject to the tariffs could adversely affect the operating profits for certain of our businesses and customer demand for certain products which could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

None.



13

Item 2.    Properties.

The company owns and leases sales offices, distribution and value-added centers, and administrative facilities worldwide. Its executive office is located in Centennial, Colorado and occupies a 129,000 square foot facility under a long-term lease expiring in 2033. The company owns 12 locations throughout the Americas, EMEA, and Asia Pacific regions and occupies approximately 600 additional locations under leases due to expire on various dates through 2033. The company believes its facilities are well maintained and suitable for company operations.


14


Item 3.    Legal Proceedings.

Environmental and Related Matters

In connection with the purchase of Wyle in August 2000, the company acquired certain of the then outstanding obligations of Wyle, including Wyle's indemnification obligations to the purchasers of its Wyle Laboratories division for environmental clean-up costs associated with any then existing contamination or violation of environmental regulations. Under the terms of the company's purchase of Wyle from the sellers, the sellers agreed to indemnify the company for certain costs associated with the Wyle environmental obligations, among other things. In 2012, the company entered into a settlement agreement with the sellers pursuant to which the sellers paid $110.0 million and the company released the sellers from their indemnification obligation. As part of the settlement agreement the company accepted responsibility for any potential subsequent costs incurred related to the Wyle matters. The company is aware of two Wyle Laboratories facilities (in Huntsville, Alabama and Norco, California) at which contaminated groundwater was identified and will require environmental remediation. As further discussed in Note 15 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Huntsville, Alabama site is subject to a consent decree, entered into in February 2015, between the company and the Alabama Department of Environmental Management ("ADEM"). The Norco, California site is subject to a consent decree, entered in October 2003, between the company, Wyle Laboratories, and the California Department of Toxic Substance Control (the "DTSC"). In addition, the company was named as a defendant in several lawsuits related to the Norco facility and a third site in El Segundo, California which have now been settled to the satisfaction of the parties.

The company expects these environmental liabilities to be resolved over an extended period of time. Costs are recorded for environmental matters when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated. Accruals for environmental liabilities are adjusted periodically as facts and circumstances change, assessment and remediation efforts progress, or as additional technical or legal information becomes available. Environmental liabilities are difficult to assess and estimate due to various unknown factors such as the timing and extent of remediation, improvements in remediation technologies, and the extent to which environmental laws and regulations may change in the future. Accordingly, the company cannot presently fully estimate the ultimate potential costs related to these sites until such time as a substantial portion of the investigation at the sites is completed and remedial action plans are developed and, in some instances implemented. To the extent that future environmental costs exceed amounts currently accrued by the company, net income would be adversely impacted and such impact could be material.

Accruals for environmental liabilities are included in "Accrued expenses" and "Other liabilities" in the company's consolidated
balance sheets.

As successor-in-interest to Wyle, the company is the beneficiary of various Wyle insurance policies that covered liabilities arising out of operations at Norco and Huntsville. To date, the company has recovered approximately $37.0 million from certain insurance carriers relating to environmental clean-up matters at the Norco site. The company is considering the best way to pursue its potential claims against insurers regarding liabilities arising out of operations at Huntsville. The resolution of these matters will likely take several years. The company has not recorded a receivable for any potential future insurance recoveries related to the Norco and Huntsville environmental matters, as the realization of the claims for recovery are not deemed probable at this time.

The company believes the settlement amount together with potential recoveries from various insurance policies covering environmental remediation and related litigation will be sufficient to cover any potential future costs related to the Wyle acquisition; however, it is possible unexpected costs beyond those anticipated could occur.

Other

From time to time, in the normal course of business, the company may become liable with respect to other pending and threatened litigation, environmental, regulatory, labor, product, and tax matters. While such matters are subject to inherent uncertainties, it is not currently anticipated that any such matters will materially impact the company's consolidated financial position, liquidity, or results of operations.

Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

15



PART II

Item 5.
Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Market Information

The company's common stock is listed on the NYSE (trading symbol: "ARW").

Record Holders

On February 1, 2019, there were approximately 1,466 shareholders of record of the company's common stock.

Dividend History

The company did not pay cash dividends on its common stock during 2018 or 2017. While from time to time the Board of Directors (the "Board") considers the payment of dividends on the common stock, the declaration of future dividends is dependent upon the company's earnings, financial condition, and other relevant factors, including debt covenants.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table summarizes information, as of December 31, 2018, relating to the Omnibus Incentive Plan, which was approved by the company's shareholders and under which cash-based awards, non-qualified stock options, incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares, performance share units, covered employee annual incentive awards, and other stock-based awards may be granted.
Plan Category
 
Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights
 
Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights
 
Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders
 
2,907,744

 
$
65.46

 
3,885,282

Total
 
2,907,744

 
$
65.46

 
3,885,282



16

Performance Graph

The following graph compares the performance of the company's common stock for the periods indicated with the performance of the Standard & Poor's MidCap 400 Index ("S&P 400 Stock Index"), the Standard & Poor's 500 Stock Index ("S&P 500 Stock Index") and the average performance of a group consisting of the company's peer companies ("Peer Group") on a line-of-business basis. During 2018, the companies included in the Peer Group are Anixter International Inc., Avnet, Inc., Celestica Inc., Flex Ltd., Jabil, Inc., Tech Data Corporation, and WESCO International, Inc. The graph assumes $100 invested on December 31, 2013 in the company, the S&P 400 Stock Index, the S&P 500 Stock Index and the Peer Group. Total return indicies reflect reinvestment of dividends and are weighted on the basis of market capitalization at the time of each reported data point.

The company changed its benchmark index from the Standard & Poor's 500 Stock Index to the S&P 400 Stock Index because it is more representative of Arrow’s market capitalization and peer group. Both indicies are included in the graph below for comparison purposes but the comparison to the S&P 500 Stock Index will not be presented in future 10-K filings.

chart-393c215bd174589ba79.jpg

 
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Arrow Electronics
100
107
100
131
148
127
Peer Group
100
115
115
135
157
106
S&P 400 Midcap Stock Index
100
110
107
130
151
134
S&P 500 Stock Index
100
114
115
129
157
150




17

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table shows the company's Board of Directors (the "Board") approved share-repurchase programs as of December 31, 2018:

Month of Board Approval
 
Dollar Value Approved for Repurchase
 
Dollar Value of Shares Repurchased
 
Approximate
Dollar Value of
Shares that May
Yet be
Purchased
Under the
Program
December 2016
 
400,000

 
271,388

 
128,612

December 2018
 
600,000

 
—

 
600,000

Total
 
$
1,000,000

 
$
271,388

 
$
728,612

The following table shows the share-repurchase activity for the quarter ended December 31, 2018 (in thousands except share and per share data):

Month
 
Total
Number of
Shares
Purchased(a)
 
Average
Price Paid
per Share
 
Total Number of
Shares
Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced
Program(b)
 
Approximate
Dollar Value of
Shares that May
Yet be
Purchased
Under the
Program
September 30 through October 27, 2018
 
—

 
$
—

 
—

 
$
278,639

October 28 through November 24, 2018
 
1,526,466

 
74.11

 
1,526,466

 
165,513

November 25 through December 31, 2018
 
501,401

 
73.80

 
499,917

 
728,612

Total
 
2,027,867

 
 

 
2,026,383

 
 


(a)
Includes share repurchases under the Share-Repurchase Programs and those associated with shares withheld from employees for stock-based awards, as permitted by the Omnibus Incentive Plan, in order to satisfy the required tax withholding obligations.

(b)
The difference between the "total number of shares purchased" and the "total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced program" for the quarter ended December 31, 2018 is 1,484 shares, which relate to shares withheld from employees for stock-based awards, as permitted by the Omnibus Incentive Plan, in order to satisfy the required tax withholding obligations.  The purchase of these shares were not made pursuant to any publicly announced repurchase plan.

 

18

Item 6.    Selected Financial Data.

The following table sets forth certain selected consolidated financial data and must be read in conjunction with the company's consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (dollars in thousands except per share data).
For the years ended December 31:
 
2018 (a)
 
2017 (b)
 
2016 (c)
 
2015 (d)
 
2014 (e)
 
 
 
 
(Adjusted)
 
(Adjusted)
 
**
 
**
Sales
 
$
29,676,768

 
$
26,554,563

 
$
23,487,872

 
$
23,282,020

 
$
22,768,674

Gross profit
 
3,700,912

 
3,356,968

 
3,144,322

 
3,035,250

 
2,995,895

Operating income
 
1,147,512

 
945,736

 
876,826

 
824,482

 
762,257

Net income attributable to shareholders
 
716,195

 
402,176

 
522,815

 
497,726

 
498,045

Net income per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
$
8.19

 
$
4.54

 
$
5.75

 
$
5.26

 
$
5.05

Diluted
 
$
8.10

 
$
4.48

 
$
5.68

 
$
5.20

 
$
4.98

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At December 31:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts receivable, net and inventories
 
$
12,824,141

 
$
11,428,106

 
$
9,566,080

 
$
8,627,908

 
$
8,379,107

Total assets
 
17,784,445

 
16,459,267

 
14,203,479

 
13,021,930

 
12,435,301

Long-term debt
 
3,239,115

 
2,933,045

 
2,696,334

 
2,380,575

 
2,067,898

Shareholders' equity
 
5,324,990

 
4,949,255

 
4,411,136

 
4,142,443

 
4,153,970


Amounts discussed below are before tax except for amounts related to the effects of the Tax Act.

(a)
Operating income and net income attributable to shareholders include identifiable intangible asset amortization of $49.4 million, loss on disposition of businesses, net of $3.6 million, and restructuring, integration, and other charges of $60.4 million. Net income attributable to shareholders also includes a net loss on investment of $14.2 million, impact of Tax Act of $28.3 million, and pension settlement of $1.7 million.

(b)
Operating income and net income attributable to shareholders include identifiable intangible asset amortization of $50.1 million, loss on disposition of businesses, net of $21.0 million, and restructuring, integration, and other charges of $74.6 million. Net income attributable to shareholders also includes a net loss on investment of $6.6 million, pension settlement of $16.7 million, loss on extinguishment of debt of $59.5 million, and the impact of the Tax Act of $124.7 million.

(c)
Operating income and net income attributable to shareholders include identifiable intangible asset amortization of $54.9 million and restructuring, integration, and other charges of $61.4 million. Net income attributable to shareholders also includes a net gain on investment of $2.9 million, and a pension settlement of $12.2 million.

(d)
Operating income and net income attributable to shareholders include identifiable intangible asset amortization of $51.0 million and restructuring, integration, and other charges of $68.8 million. Net income attributable to shareholders also includes a loss on extinguishment of debt of $2.9 million and a loss on investment, net of $1.0 million.

(e)
Operating income and net income attributable to shareholders include identifiable intangible asset amortization of $44.1 million, restructuring, integration, and other charges of $39.8 million, and a non-cash impairment charge associated with discontinuing the use of a trade name of $78.0 million. Net income attributable to shareholders also includes a gain on investment of $29.7 million.

**
The results presented for years 2014 and 2015 have not been adjusted for the effect of the adoption of Topic 606, ASU No. 2017-07, and other prior period reclassifications, see Notes 1 and 2. This does not materially affect the comparability of the results with years 2016 through 2018.

19

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Overview

Arrow Electronics, Inc. (the "company") is a global provider of products, services, and solutions to industrial and commercial users of electronic components and enterprise computing solutions. The company has one of the world’s broadest portfolios of product offerings available from leading electronic components and enterprise computing solutions suppliers, coupled with a range of services, solutions and tools that help industrial and commercial customers introduce innovative products, reduce their time to market, and enhance their overall competitiveness. The company has two business segments, the global components business segment and the global enterprise computing solutions ("ECS") business segment.  The company distributes electronic components to original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs") and contract manufacturers ("CMs") through its global components business segment and provides enterprise computing solutions to value-added resellers ("VARs") and managed service providers ("MSPs") through its global ECS business segment.  For 2018, approximately 70% of the company's sales were from the global components business segment and approximately 30% of the company's sales were from the global ECS business segment.

The company's financial objectives are to grow sales faster than the market, increase the markets served, grow profits faster than sales, and increase return on invested capital. To achieve its objectives, the company seeks to capture significant opportunities to grow across products, markets, and geographies. To supplement its organic growth strategy, the company continually evaluates strategic acquisitions to broaden its product and value-added service offerings, increase its market penetration, and expand its geographic reach.

Executive Summary

Consolidated sales for 2018 increased by 11.8%, compared with the year-earlier period, due to a 13.8% increase in global components business segment sales and a 7.2% increase in global ECS business segment sales. Adjusted for the change in foreign currencies, acquisitions, and dispositions, consolidated sales increased 10.9% compared with the year-earlier period.

Net income attributable to shareholders increased to $716.2 million in 2018 compared with $402.2 million in the year-earlier period. The following items impacted the comparability of the company's results for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, all amounts are before tax except for amounts related to the effects of the Tax Act.

•
restructuring, integration, and other charges of $60.4 million in 2018 and $74.6 million in 2017;
•
identifiable intangible asset amortization of $49.4 million in 2018 and $50.1 million in 2017;
•
net loss on investments of $14.2 million in 2018 and $6.6 million in 2017;
•
loss on disposition of businesses, net, of $3.6 million in 2018 and $21.0 million in 2017;
•
loss on extinguishment of debt of $59.5 million in 2017;
•
pension settlement of $1.7 million in 2018 and $16.7 million in 2017; and
•
Income tax benefit of $28.3 million in 2018 and expense of $124.7 million in 2017, related to the Tax Act.

Excluding the aforementioned items, net income attributable to shareholders increased to $781.0 million in 2018 compared with $674.5 million in the year-earlier period.

Certain Non-GAAP Financial Information

In addition to disclosing financial results that are determined in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP"), the company also discloses certain non-GAAP financial information, including:

•
Sales, income, or expense items as adjusted for the impact of changes in foreign currencies (referred to as "impact of changes in foreign currencies"), by re-translating prior period results at current period foreign exchange rates, and the impact of acquisitions by adjusting the company's prior periods to include the operating results of businesses acquired, including the amortization expense related to acquired intangible assets, as if the acquisitions had occurred at the beginning of the earliest period presented (referred to as "impact of acquisitions") and the impact of dispositions by adjusting the company's operating results for businesses disposed, as if the dispositions had occurred at the beginning of the earliest period presented (referred to as "impact of dispositions");
•
Operating income as adjusted to exclude identifiable intangible asset amortization, restructuring, integration, and other charges, and loss on disposition of businesses, net; and
•
Net income attributable to shareholders as adjusted to exclude identifiable intangible asset amortization, restructuring, integration, and other charges, loss on disposition of businesses, net, gain (loss) on investments, net, loss on extinguishment of debt, pension settlements, and impact of the Tax Act.

20


Management believes that providing this additional information is useful to the reader to better assess and understand the company's operating performance, especially when comparing results with previous periods, primarily because management typically monitors the business adjusted for these items in addition to GAAP results. However, analysis of results on a non-GAAP basis should be used as a complement to, and in conjunction with, data presented in accordance with GAAP.

Sales

Substantially all of the company's sales are made on an order-by-order basis, rather than through long-term sales contracts.  As such, the nature of the company's business does not provide for the visibility of material forward-looking information from its customers and suppliers beyond a few months.

Following is an analysis of net sales by business segment for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change
Consolidated sales, as reported*
$
29,677

 
$
26,555

 
11.8
%
Impact of changes in foreign currencies
—

 
252

 
 
Impact of acquisitions
—

 
158

 
 
Impact of dispositions
(27
)
 
(230
)
 
 
Consolidated sales, as adjusted*
$
29,649

 
$
26,734

 
10.9
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Global components sales, as reported*
$
20,857

 
$
18,330

 
13.8
%
Impact of changes in foreign currencies
—

 
174

 
 
Impact of acquisitions
—

 
85

 
 
Impact of dispositions
—

 
—

 
 
Global components sales, as adjusted*
$
20,857

 
$
18,589

 
12.2
%
 

 

 
 
Global ECS sales, as reported*
$
8,820

 
$
8,224

 
7.2
%
Impact of changes in foreign currencies
—

 
77

 
 
Impact of acquisitions
—

 
73

 
 
Impact of dispositions
(27
)
 
(230
)
 
 
Global ECS sales, as adjusted*
$
8,792

 
$
8,145

 
8.0
%
* The sum of the components for sales, as adjusted, may not agree to totals, as presented, due to rounding.

Consolidated sales for 2018 increased by $3.1 billion, or 11.8%, compared with the year-earlier period. The increase in 2018 was driven by an increase in global components business segment sales of $2.5 billion, or 13.8%, and an increase in global ECS business segment sales of $595.8 million, or 7.2%, compared with the year-earlier period. Adjusted for the impact of changes in foreign currencies, acquisitions, and dispositions, the company's consolidated sales increased by 10.9% in 2018, compared with the year-earlier period.

In the global components business segment, sales for 2018 increased 13.8% compared with the year-earlier period, with double-digit sales growth in Arrow’s core businesses across all three regions (Americas, EMEA, and Asia), as well as high double digit growth coming from Arrow’s strategic investment in Digital and Sustainable Technology Solutions businesses. The increase for 2018 is attributable to suppliers awarding additional business to the company, and reflects strong growth in the industrial, aerospace and defense verticals year over year. Adjusted for the impact of changes in foreign currencies and acquisitions, the company's global components business segment sales increased by 12.2% in 2018, compared with the year-earlier period.

In the global ECS business segment, sales for 2018 increased 7.2% compared with the year-earlier period. Growth was driven by infrastructure software, security, storage, and industry-standard servers. Adjusted for the impact of changes in foreign currencies, acquisitions, and dispositions, the company's global ECS business segment sales increased by 8.0% in 2018, compared with the year-earlier period.




21


Following is an analysis of net sales by business segment for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
Consolidated sales, as reported*
 
$
26,555

 
$
23,488

 
13.1
%
Impact of changes in foreign currencies
 
—

 
142

 
 
Impact of acquisitions
 
—

 
48

 
 
Consolidated sales, as adjusted*
 
$
26,555

 
$
23,679

 
12.1
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Global components sales, as reported*
 
$
18,330

 
$
15,409

 
19.0
%
Impact of changes in foreign currencies
 
—

 
87

 
 
Impact of acquisitions
 
—

 
10

 
 
Global components sales, as adjusted*
 
$
18,330

 
$
15,505

 
18.2
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Global ECS sales, as reported*
 
$
8,224

 
$
8,079

 
1.8
%
Impact of changes in foreign currencies
 
—

 
56

 
 
Impact of acquisitions
 
—

 
38

 
 
Global ECS sales, as adjusted
 
$
8,224

 
$
8,173

 
0.6
%
* The sum of the components for sales, as adjusted, may not agree to totals, as presented, due to rounding.

Consolidated sales for 2017 increased by $3.1 billion, or 13.1%, compared with the year-earlier period. The increase in 2017 was driven by an increase in global components business segment sales of $2.9 billion, or 19.0%, and an increase in global ECS business segment sales of $145.1 million, or 1.8%, compared with the year-earlier period. Adjusted for the impact of changes in foreign currencies and acquisitions, the company's consolidated sales increased by 12.1% in 2017, compared with the year-earlier period.

In the global components business segment, sales for 2017 increased 19.0% compared with the year-earlier period, with double-digit sales growth in Arrow's core business across all three regions (Americas, EMEA, and Asia), as well as high double digit growth coming from Arrow's strategic investments in its Digital and Sustainable Technology Solutions businesses. The increase for 2017 is attributable to suppliers awarding additional business to the company, and reflects strong growth in the industrial, transportation, aerospace and defense, consumer, and communications verticals year over year. Adjusted for the impact of changes in foreign currencies and acquisitions, the company's global components business segment sales increased by 18.2% in 2017, compared with the year-earlier period.

In the global ECS business segment, sales growth for 2017 was increased 1.8% compared with the year-earlier period, with declining revenue in the first half of the year offset by growth in the second half of the year. Adjusted for the impact of changes in foreign currencies and acquisitions, the company's global ECS business segment sales increased by 0.6% in 2017, compared with the year-earlier period.


22

Gross Profit

Following is an analysis of gross profit for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
 
 
2018
 
2017
 

Change
Consolidated gross profit, as reported
 
$
3,701

 
$
3,357

 
10.2
%
 
Impact of changes in foreign currencies
 
—

 
31

 
 
 
Impact of acquisitions
 
—

 
49

 
 
 
Impact of dispositions
 
(6
)
 
(60
)
 
 
 
Consolidated gross profit, as adjusted
 
$
3,695

 
$
3,377

 
9.4
%
 
Consolidated gross profit as a percentage of sales, as reported
 
12.5
%
 
12.6
%
 
(10
)
bps
Consolidated gross profit as a percentage of sales, as adjusted
 
12.5
%
 
12.6
%
 
(10
)
bps

The company recorded gross profit of $3.7 billion and $3.4 billion for 2018 and 2017, respectively. The increase in gross profit was primarily due to increased demand and supplier awards in the components business. Gross profit margins for 2018 decreased by approximately 10 basis points, compared with the year-earlier period, primarily due to declining margins in the global ECS business attributable to less favorable business mix. Declines were mostly offset by improving margins in the global components business.

Following is an analysis of gross profit for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
 
 
2017
 
2016
 

Change
Consolidated gross profit, as reported
 
$
3,357

 
$
3,144

 
6.8
%
 
Impact of changes in foreign currencies
 
—

 
18

 
 
 
Impact of acquisitions
 
—

 
13

 
 
 
Consolidated gross profit, as adjusted
 
$
3,357

 
$
3,175

 
5.7
%
 
Consolidated gross profit as a percentage of sales, as reported
 
12.6
%
 
13.4
%
 
(80
)
bps
Consolidated gross profit as a percentage of sales, as adjusted
 
12.6
%
 
13.4
%
 
(80
)
bps

The company recorded gross profit of $3.4 billion and $3.1 billion for 2017 and 2016, respectively. The increase in gross profit was primarily due to increased demand and supplier awards in the components business. Gross profit margins for 2017 decreased by approximately 80 basis points, compared with the year-earlier period, primarily due to an increase in lower margin distribution services in the Americas and EMEA Components businesses. The increase in supplier awards initially drive lower margin fulfillment volume.

Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses and Depreciation and Amortization

Following is an analysis of operating expenses for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change
Selling, general, and administrative expenses, as reported
 
$
2,303

 
$
2,162

 
6.5
%
 
Depreciation and amortization, as reported
 
186

 
154

 
21.3
%
 
Operating expenses, as reported
 
2,489

 
2,316

 
7.5
%
 
Impact of changes in foreign currencies
 
—

 
25

 
 
 
Impact of acquisitions
 
—

 
30

 
 
 
Impact of dispositions
 
(7
)
 
(56
)
 
 
 
Operating expenses, as adjusted*
 
$
2,483

 
$
2,315

 
7.3
%
 
Operating expenses as a percentage of sales, as reported
 
8.4
%
 
8.7
%
 
(30
)
bps
Operating expenses as a percentage of sales, as adjusted
 
8.4
%
 
8.7
%
 
(30
)
bps
* The sum of the components for operating expenses, as adjusted, may not agree to totals, as presented, due to rounding.


23

Selling, general, and administrative expenses increased by $141.0 million, or 6.5%, in 2018, on a sales increase of 11.8%, compared with the year-earlier period. Selling, general, and administrative expenses, as a percentage of sales, was 7.8% and 8.1% for 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Depreciation and amortization expense as a percentage of operating expenses was 7.5% for 2018 compared with 6.6% in the year-earlier period. During 2018 the company recorded $22.4 million of depreciation related to a global enterprise resource tool ("ERP") placed into service during the first quarter of 2018. Included in depreciation and amortization expense is identifiable intangible asset amortization of $49.4 million for 2018 compared to $50.1 million for 2017.

Adjusted for the impact of changes in foreign currencies, acquisitions, and dispositions, operating expenses for 2018 increased 7.3%, on a sales increase, as adjusted, of 10.9%. Adjusted for the impact of changes in foreign currencies and acquisitions, operating expenses as a percentage of sales for 2018 were 8.4% compared to 8.7% for 2017. The decline in operating expense as a percentage of sales reflects the operational efficiencies the company achieved to align costs to the business mix.

Following is an analysis of operating expenses for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
Selling, general, and administrative expenses, as reported
 
$
2,162

 
$
2,047

 
5.6
 %
 
Depreciation and amortization, as reported
 
154

 
159

 
(3.5
)%
 
Operating expenses, as reported
 
2,316

 
2,206

 
5.0
 %
 
Impact of changes in foreign currencies
 
—

 
9

 
 
 
Impact of acquisitions
 
—

 
9

 
 
 
Operating expenses, as adjusted
 
$
2,316

 
$
2,224

 
4.1
 %
 
Operating expenses as a percentage of sales, as reported
 
8.7
%
 
9.4
%
 
(70
)
bps
Operating expenses as a percentage of sales, as adjusted
 
8.7
%
 
9.4
%
 
(70
)
bps

Selling, general, and administrative expenses increased $115.1 million, or 5.6%, in 2017, on a sales increase of 13.1%, compared with the year-earlier period. Selling, general, and administrative expenses, as a percentage of sales, was 8.1% and 8.7%, for 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Depreciation and amortization expense as a percentage of operating expenses was 6.6% for 2017 compared with 7.2% in the year-earlier period. Included in depreciation and amortization expense is identifiable intangible asset amortization of $50.1 million for 2017 compared to $54.9 million for 2016.

Adjusted for the impact of changes in foreign currencies and acquisitions, operating expenses for 2017 increased 4.1%, on a sales increase, as adjusted, of 12.1%. Adjusted for the impact of changes in foreign currencies and acquisitions, operating expenses as a percentage of sales for 2017 were 8.7% compared to 9.4% for 2016. The decline in operating expense as a percentage of sales reflects the operational efficiencies the company achieved to align costs to the business mix.

Restructuring, Integration, and Other Charges

2018 Charges

In 2018, the company recorded restructuring, integration, and other charges of $60.4 million. Included in the restructuring, integration, and other charges for 2018 is a restructuring and integration charge of $23.7 million related to initiatives taken by the company to improve operating efficiencies, which includes personnel costs of $15.3 million, facilities costs of $8.2 million, and other costs of $0.1 million. These restructuring initiatives are due to the company's continued efforts to lower cost and drive operational efficiency. Integration costs are primarily related to the integration of acquired businesses within the company's pre-existing business and the consolidation of certain operations. Also included is a charge of $7.5 million related to restructuring and integration actions taken in prior periods.

Included in restructuring, integration, and other charges for 2018 are other expenses of $29.1 million. In 2018, the company recorded acquisition related charges of $10.2 million related to professional and other fees directly related to recent acquisition activity as well as contingent consideration for acquisitions completed in prior years, and $11.2 million in charges related to relocation and infrastructure upgrades of the company’s data centers, and other centralization efforts to maximize operating efficiencies.

24


2017 Charges

In 2017, the company recorded restructuring, integration, and other charges of $74.6 million. Included in the restructuring, integration, and other charges for 2017 is a restructuring and integration charge of $46.8 million related to initiatives taken by the company to improve operating efficiencies, which includes personnel costs of $37.6 million, facilities costs of $8.2 million, and other costs of $1.0 million. These restructuring initiatives are due to the company's continued efforts to lower cost and drive operational efficiency. Integration costs are primarily related to the integration of acquired businesses within the company's pre-existing business and the consolidation of certain operations. Also included is a charge of $6.2 million related to restructuring and integration actions taken in prior periods.

Included in restructuring, integration, and other charges for 2017 are other expenses of $21.6 million, which includes the following charges and credits. Additional expenses of $2.1 million to increase its accrual for the Wyle Laboratories ("Wyle") environmental obligation (see Note 15), acquisition related charges of $7.7 million related to contingent consideration for acquisitions completed in prior years, and a net loss on real estate transactions of $3.1 million.

2016 Charges

In 2016, the company recorded restructuring, integration, and other charges of $61.4 million. Included in the restructuring, integration, and other charges for 2016 is a restructuring and integration charge of $32.9 million related to initiatives taken by the company to improve operating efficiencies, which includes personnel costs of $25.8 million, facilities costs of $5.8 million, and other costs of $1.3 million. These restructuring initiatives are due to the company's continued efforts to lower cost and drive operational efficiency. Integration costs are primarily related to the integration of acquired businesses within the company's pre-existing business and the consolidation of certain operations. Also included is a charge of $3.6 million related to restructuring and integration actions taken in prior periods.
 
Included in restructuring, integration, and other charges for 2016 are other expenses of $24.9 million, which include the following charges and credits. In 2016, the company recorded additional expenses of $11.8 million to increase its accrual for the Wyle environmental obligation (see Note 15), acquisition related charges of $8.7 million related to contingent consideration for acquisitions completed in prior years, and a fraud loss, net of insurance recoveries, of $4.3 million. Also in 2016, the company released a $2.4 million legal reserve.

As of December 31, 2018, the company does not anticipate there will be any material adjustments relating to the aforementioned restructuring plans. Refer to Note 9, "Restructuring, Integration, and Other Charges" of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of the company's restructuring and integration activities.

Operating Income
                                                                                                                              
Following is an analysis of operating income for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change
Consolidated operating income, as reported
 
$
1,148

 
$
946

 
21.3
%
 
Identifiable intangible asset amortization
 
49

 
50

 


 
Restructuring, integration, and other charges
 
60

 
75

 


 
Loss on disposition of businesses, net
 
4

 
21

 
 
 
Consolidated operating income, as adjusted*
 
$
1,261

 
$
1,091

 
15.5
%

Consolidated operating income as a percentage of sales, as reported
 
3.9
%
 
3.6
%
 
30

bps
Consolidated operating income, as adjusted, as a percentage of sales, as reported
 
4.2
%
 
4.1
%
 
10

bps
* The sum of the components for consolidated operating income, as adjusted, may not agree to totals, as presented, due to rounding.

The company recorded operating income of $1.1 billion, or 3.9% of sales, in 2018 compared with operating income of $945.7 million, or 3.6% of sales, in 2017.  Included in operating income for 2018 and 2017 were the previously discussed identifiable intangible asset amortization of $49.4 million and $50.1 million, respectively, and restructuring, integration, and other charges of $60.4 million and $74.6 million, respectively. Included in operating income for 2018 and 2017 is a loss on disposition of businesses, net of $3.6 million and $21.0 million, respectively. Excluding these items, operating income, as adjusted, was $1.3 billion, or 4.2% of sales, in 2018 compared with operating income, as adjusted, of $1.1 billion, or 4.1% of sales, in 2017. Operating margins, as

25

adjusted, increased 10 bps compared with the year-earlier period, despite a 10 basis point decrease in gross margins due to the company's ability to efficiently manage operating costs.

Following is an analysis of operating income for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
Consolidated operating income, as reported
 
$
946

 
$
877

 
7.9
%
 
Identifiable intangible asset amortization
 
50

 
55

 
 
 
Restructuring, integration, and other charges
 
75

 
61

 
 
 
Loss on disposition of businesses, net
 
21

 
—

 
 
 
Consolidated operating income, as adjusted*
 
$
1,091

 
$
993

 
9.9
%
 
Consolidated operating income as a percentage of sales, as reported
 
3.6
%
 
3.7
%
 
(10
)
bps
Consolidated operating income, as adjusted, as a percentage of sales, as reported
 
4.1
%
 
4.2
%
 
(10
)
bps
* The sum of the components for consolidated operating income, as adjusted, may not agree to totals, as presented, due to rounding.

The company recorded operating income of $945.7 million, or 3.6% of sales, in 2017 compared with operating income of $876.8 million, or 3.7% of sales, in 2016. Included in operating income for 2017 and 2016 were the previously discussed identifiable intangible asset amortization of $50.1 million and $54.9 million, respectively, and restructuring, integration, and other charges of $74.6 million and $61.4 million, respectively. Included in operating income for 2017 is a loss on disposition of businesses, net of $21.0 million. Excluding these items, operating income, as adjusted, was $1.1 billion, or 4.1% of sales, in 2017 compared with operating income, as adjusted, of $993.1 million, or 4.2% of sales, in 2016. Operating margins, as adjusted, remained consistent compared with the year-earlier period, despite an 80 basis point decrease in gross margins due to the company's ability to efficiently manage operating costs.

Gain (Loss) on Investments, Net

During 2018 and 2017, the company recorded a net loss of $14.2 million and $6.6 million related to changes in fair value of certain investments, respectively. During 2016, the company recorded a gain of $2.9 million related to changes in fair value of certain investments.

Loss on Disposition of Businesses, Net

During 2018 and 2017 the company recorded a loss on disposition of businesses, net of $3.6 million and $21.0 million, respectively, related to the sale of two non-strategic businesses.

Loss on Extinguishment of Debt

During 2017, the company recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $59.5 million related to the redemption of the company's 6.875% senior debenture due 2018 and refinance of a portion of the company's 6.00% notes due April 2020, 5.125% notes due March 2021, and 7.50% notes due January 2027.

Pension Settlements

During 2018 the company recorded settlement expense of $1.7 million upon terminating a defined benefit plan acquired in a prior period acquisition.

On December 31, 2018, the Wyle defined benefit plan was terminated by the company with estimated plan settlement expected to occur in 2019. The company has made other arrangements with the participants in the plan and is terminating the plan to reduce administrative burdens. Prior to the termination of the plan, the company adopted an amendment to the Wyle defined benefit plan that provided eligible plan participants with the option to receive an early distribution of their pension benefits. The settlement loss is expected to be approximately $25,500. Benefit payments of $60,530 are expected to be paid in 2019.

During 2017 and 2016, the Company entered into a settlement for a portion of its Wyle defined benefit plan. The company recorded pension settlement expense of $16.7 million and $12.2 million during 2017 and 2016, respectively.


26


Interest and Other Financing Expense, Net

Net interest and other financing expense increased 30.0% in 2018 to $214.8 million, compared with $165.3 million in 2017, primarily due to higher average debt outstanding and an increase in variable interest rates.

Net interest and other financing expense increased by 9.2% in 2017 to $165.3 million, compared with $151.3 million in 2016, primarily due to higher average debt outstanding.

Income Taxes

For the year ended December 31, 2018, the company recorded provision for income taxes of $187.8 million, equivalent to an effective tax rate of 20.7%. The company's provision for income taxes and effective tax rates are impacted by such costs as restructuring, integration, and other charges, identifiable intangible asset amortization, loss on disposition of businesses, net, loss on investments, net, pension settlements, and tax law changes. Excluding the impact of the aforementioned items, the company's effective tax rate for 2018 was 24.2%.

For the year ended December 31, 2017, the company recorded provision for income taxes of $286.5 million, equivalent to an effective tax rate of 41.3%. The company's provision for income taxes and effective tax rates are impacted by such costs as restructuring, integration, and other charges, identifiable intangible asset amortization, loss on disposition of businesses, net, loss on extinguishment of debt, loss on investments, net, pension settlements, and tax law changes. Excluding the impact of the aforementioned items, the company's effective tax rate for 2017 was 26.2%.

For the year ended December 31, 2016, the company reported provision for income taxes of $190.7 million, equivalent to an effective tax rate of 26.7%. The company's provision for income taxes and effective tax rates are impacted by such costs as restructuring, integration, and other charges, identifiable intangible asset amortization, loss on investments, net, and pension settlements. Excluding the impact of the aforementioned items, the company’s effective tax rate for 2016 would have been 27.3%.
The company’s effective tax rate deviates from the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate mainly due to the mix of foreign taxing jurisdictions in which the company operates and where its foreign subsidiaries generate taxable income. In 2017, the effective tax rate increased significantly primarily due to the change in U.S. tax law. Specifically, on December 22, 2017, the U.S. federal government enacted comprehensive tax legislation (the “Tax Act”), which significantly revised the U.S. corporate income tax law by, among other things, lowering the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, implementing a territorial tax system, imposing a one-time transition tax on foreign unremitted earnings, and setting limitations on deductibility of certain costs (e.g., interest expense).
During the fourth quarter of 2017, the company recorded a net charge of $124.7 million in provisional tax due to the Tax Act, in accordance with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB 118”). During the fourth quarter of 2018, the company completed its analysis of the impact from the Tax Act and recorded a $28.3 million tax benefit as an adjustment to the Transition tax on non-U.S. subsidiaries’ unremitted earnings. The impact of the Tax Act is summarized in the table below and is further described in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Note 8).

 
 
2017 Impact
 
2018 Adjustment
 
Total Impact of Tax Act
Transition tax on non-U.S subsidiaries' earnings
 
$
196

 
$
(28
)
 
$
168

Re-measurement of U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities
 
(71
)
 
—

 
(71
)
Total impact of the Tax Act on the provision for income taxes
 
$
125

 
$
(28
)
 
$
97


As of December 31, 2018, after considering the impact of taxable losses, tax payments, tax credits, and other tax accruals, the company’s remaining long-term cash tax payable for one-time transition tax on foreign unremitted earnings is $38.0 million.



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Net Income Attributable to Shareholders

Following is an analysis of net income attributable to shareholders for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
 
2018
 
2017
Net income attributable to shareholders, as reported**
$
716

 
$
402

Identifiable intangible asset amortization*
49

 
49

Restructuring, integration, and other charges
60

 
75

Loss on disposition of businesses, net
4

 
21

Loss on investments, net
14

 
7

Loss on extinguishment of debt
—

 
60

Pension settlements
2

 
17

Tax effect of adjustments above
(35
)
 
(80
)
Impact of the Tax Act
(28
)
 
125

Net income attributable to shareholders, as adjusted**
$
781

 
$
674

* Identifiable intangible asset amortization does not include amortization related to the noncontrolling interest
** The sum of the components for net income attributable to shareholders, as adjusted, may not agree to totals, as presented, due to rounding.

The company recorded net income attributable to shareholders of $716.2 million for 2018, compared with net income attributable to shareholders of $402.2 million in the year-earlier period.  Net income attributable to shareholders, as adjusted, was $781.0 million for 2018, compared with $674.5 million in the year-earlier period.

Following is an analysis of net income attributable to shareholders for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
 
2017
 
2016
Net income attributable to shareholders, as reported**
$
402

 
$
523

Identifiable intangible asset amortization*
49

 
53

Restructuring, integration, and other charges
75

 
61

Loss on disposition of businesses, net
21

 
—

(Gain) loss on investments, net
7

 
(3
)
Loss on extinguishment of debt
60

 
—

Pension settlements
17

 
12

Tax effect of adjustments above
(80
)
 
(38
)
Impact of the Tax Act
125

 
—

Net income attributable to shareholders, as adjusted**
$
674

 
$
608

* Identifiable intangible asset amortization does not include amortization related to the noncontrolling interest
** The sum of the components for net income attributable to shareholders, as adjusted, may not agree to totals, as presented, due to rounding.

The company recorded net income attributable to shareholders of $402.2 million for 2017, compared with net income attributable to shareholders of $522.8 million in the year-earlier period. Net income attributable to shareholders, as adjusted, was $674.5 million for 2017, compared with $608.0 million in the year-earlier period.


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Liquidity and Capital Resources

At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the company had cash and cash equivalents of $509.3 million and $730.1 million, respectively, of which $394.4 million and $465.4 million, respectively, were held outside the United States.  Liquidity is affected by many factors, some of which are based on normal ongoing operations of the company's business and some of which arise from fluctuations related to global economics and markets. Cash balances are generated and held in many locations throughout the world. It is the company's current intent to permanently reinvest these funds outside the United States and its current plans do not demonstrate a need to repatriate cash to fund its United States operations. If these funds were to be needed for the company's operations in the United States, the company would be required to pay withholding and other taxes related to distributions to repatriate these funds. Additionally, local government regulations may restrict the company's ability to move cash balances to meet cash needs under certain circumstances. The company currently does not expect such regulations and restrictions to impact its ability to make acquisitions or to conduct operations throughout the global organization.

During 2018, the net amount of cash provided by the company's operating activities was $272.7 million, the net amount of cash used for investing activities was $463.0 million, and the net amount of cash used for financing activities was $36.8 million. The effect of exchange rate changes on cash was an increase of $6.4 million.

During 2017, the net amount of cash provided by the company's operating activities was $124.6 million, the net amount of cash used for investing activities was $188.8 million, and the net amount of cash provided by financing activities was $256.7 million. The effect of exchange rate changes on cash was an increase of $3.2 million.

During 2016, the net amount of cash provided by the company's operating activities was $359.7 million, the net amount of cash used for investing activities was $241.4 million, and the net amount of cash provided by financing activities was $162.2 million. The effect of exchange rate changes on cash was a decrease of $19.2 million.

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

The company maintains a significant investment in accounts receivable and inventories. As a percentage of total assets, accounts receivable and inventories were approximately 71.8% and 69.4% at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The net amount of cash provided by the company's operating activities during 2018 was $272.7 million and was primarily due to earnings from operations, adjusted for non-cash items, offset, in part, by an increase in net working capital to support the increase in sales.

The net amount of cash provided by the company's operating activities during 2017 was $124.6 million and was primarily due to earnings from operations, adjusted for non-cash items, offset, in part, by an increase in net working capital to support the increase in sales.

The net amount of cash provided by the company's operating activities during 2016 was $359.7 million and was primarily due to earnings from operations, adjusted for non-cash items, offset, in part, by an increase in net working capital to support the increase in sales.

Working capital, as a percentage of sales, which the company defines as accounts receivable, net, plus inventory, net, less accounts
payable, divided by annualized sales, was 16.4%, 15.5%, and 14.9% in 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

The net amount of cash used for investing activities during 2018 was $463.0 million. The use of cash from investing activities included $331.6 million of cash consideration paid for acquired businesses, net of cash acquired, $135.3 million for capital expenditures, and $20.0 million for the acquisition of a customer relationship intangible asset. The sources of cash from investing activities included $32.0 million of proceeds from the sale of businesses. Capital expenditures for 2018 are related to relocation and infrastructure upgrades of the company's data centers, and continued development of Digital and Cloud capabilities.

The net amount of cash used for investing activities during 2017 was $188.8 million, primarily reflecting $203.9 million for capital expenditures and $24.4 million of proceeds from the sale of property, plant, and equipment. Included in capital expenditures for 2017 is $62.5 million related to the company's global ERP initiative.


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The net amount of cash used for investing activities during 2016 was $241.4 million, primarily reflecting $64.8 million of cash consideration paid, net of cash acquired, for the acquisition of three businesses, $164.7 million for capital expenditures, and $12.0 million for the acquisition of an equity method investment. Included in capital expenditures for 2016 is $57.7 million related to the company's global ERP initiative.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

The net amount of cash used for financing activities during 2018 was $36.8 million. The uses of cash from financing activities included $300.0 million of payments for the redemption of notes and $243.3 million of repurchases of common stock. The sources of cash from financing activities included $306.6 million of net proceeds from long-term bank borrowings, $192.2 million of proceeds from short-term bank borrowings, and $8.8 million of proceeds from the exercise of stock options.

The net amount of cash provided by financing activities during 2017 was $256.7 million. The uses of cash from financing activities included $558.9 million of net repayments on long-term bank borrowings, $174.2 million of repurchases of common stock, $41.3 million of net repayments on short-term bank borrowings, and $23.4 million of payments to acquire additional shares of Data Modul AG. The sources of cash from financing activities included $986.2 million of net proceeds from note offerings, $47.8 million of proceeds from long-term bank borrowings, and $22.2 million of proceeds from the exercise of stock options.

The net amount of cash provided by financing activities during 2016 was $162.2 million. The uses of cash from financing activities included $216.4 million of repurchases of common stock and $2.0 million of other acquisition related payments. The sources of cash from financing activities during 2016 were $48.7 million of increase in short-term and other borrowings, $313.0 million of net proceeds from long-term bank borrowings, and $19.0 million of proceeds from the exercise of stock options and other benefits related to stock-based compensation arrangements.

During March 2018, the company redeemed $300.0 million principal amount of its 3.00% notes due March 2018.

During 2017, the company completed the sale of $500.0 million principal amount of 3.875% notes due 2028. The net proceeds of the offering of $494.6 million were used to redeem the company's 6.875% senior debenture due June 2018 and refinance a portion of the company's 6.00% notes due April 2020, 5.125% notes due March 2021, and 7.50% notes due January 2027. The company recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $59.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2017.

During 2017, the company completed the sale of $500.0 million principal amount of 3.25% notes due 2024. The net proceeds of the offering of $493.8 million are expected to be used to redeem the company's debt obligations and for general corporate purposes.

The company has a revolving credit facility that may be used by the company for general corporate purposes including working capital in the ordinary course of business, letters of credit, repayment, prepayment or purchase of long-term indebtedness, acquisitions, and as support for the company's commercial paper program, as applicable. In December 2018, the company amended its revolving credit facility and, among other things, increased its borrowing capacity from $1.8 billion to $2.0 billion and extended its term to mature in December 2023. Interest on borrowings under the revolving credit facility is calculated using a base rate or a Eurocurrency rate plus a spread (1.18% at December 31, 2018), which is based on the company's credit ratings, or an effective interest rate of 2.37% at December 31, 2018. The facility fee, which is based on the company's credit ratings, was .20% of the total borrowing capacity at December 31, 2018. The company had no outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility at December 31, 2018 and 2017. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the average daily balance outstanding under the revolving credit facility was $55.3 million and $18.9 million, respectively.

The company has a commercial paper program and the maximum aggregate balance of commercial paper may not exceed the borrowing capacity of $1.2 billion. The company had no outstanding borrowings under this program as of December 31, 2018 and 2017. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the average daily balance outstanding under the commercial paper program was $807.8 million and $625.7 million, respectively. The commercial paper program had an effective interest rate of 2.93% for the year-ended December 31, 2018.


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The company has an asset securitization program collateralized by accounts receivable of certain of its subsidiaries. In June 2018, the company amended its asset securitization program and, among other things, increased its borrowing capacity from $910.0 million to $1.2 billion and extended its term to mature to June 2021. The asset securitization program is conducted through Arrow Electronics Funding Corporation ("AFC"), a wholly-owned, bankruptcy remote subsidiary. The asset securitization program does not qualify for true sale treatment. Accordingly, the accounts receivable and related debt obligation remain on the company's consolidated balance sheets. Interest on borrowings is calculated using a base rate plus a spread (.40% at December 31, 2018), or an effective interest rate of 2.91% at December 31, 2018.  The facility fee is .40% of the total borrowing capacity. The company had $810.0 million and $490.0 million in outstanding borrowings under the asset securitization program at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the average daily balance outstanding under the asset securitization program was $969.0 million and $692.4 million, respectively.

Both the revolving credit facility and asset securitization program include terms and conditions that limit the incurrence of additional borrowings and require that certain financial ratios be maintained at designated levels. The company was in compliance with all covenants as of December 31, 2018 and is currently not aware of any events that would cause non-compliance with any covenants in the future.

The company has $200.0 million in uncommitted lines of credit. There were $180.0 million in outstanding borrowings under the uncommitted lines of credit at December 31, 2018 and no outstanding borrowings at December 31, 2017. These borrowings were provided on a short-term basis and the maturity is agreed upon between the company and the lender. The lines had an effective interest rate of 3.39% at December 31, 2018. During 2018 and 2017, the average daily balance outstanding under the uncommitted lines of credit was $22.7 million and $5.2 million, respectively.

In the normal course of business certain of the company’s subsidiaries have agreements to sell, without recourse, selected trade receivables to financial institutions. The company does not retain financial or legal interests in these receivables, and, accordingly they are accounted for as sales of the related receivables and the receivables are removed from the company’s consolidated balance sheets. Financing costs related to these transactions were not material and are included in "Interest and other financing expense, net" in the company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Management believes that the company's current cash availability, its current borrowing capacity under its revolving credit facility and asset securitization program, and its expected ability to generate future operating cash flows are sufficient to meet its projected cash flow needs for the foreseeable future. The company also may issue debt or equity securities in the future and management believes the company will have adequate access to capital markets, if needed. The company continually evaluates liquidity requirements and would seek to amend its existing borrowing capacity or access the financial markets as deemed necessary.

Contractual Obligations

Payments due under contractual obligations at December 31, 2018 are as follows (in thousands):
 
Within 1 Year
 
1-3 Years
 
4-5 Years
 
After 5 Years
 
Total
Debt
$
240,732

 
$
1,150,483

 
$
644,910

 
$
1,443,723

 
$
3,479,848

Interest on long-term debt
112,507

 
193,480

 
142,494

 
133,026

 
581,507

Capital leases
1,054

 
194

 
—

 
—

 
1,248

Operating leases
85,770

 
119,984

 
82,329

 
147,294

 
435,377

Purchase obligations (a)
6,030,938

 
218,417

 
12,640

 
446

 
6,262,441

Other (b)
26,750

 
8,788

 
1,778

 
39,463

 
76,779

 
$
6,497,751

 
$
1,691,346

 
$
884,151

 
$
1,763,952

 
$
10,837,200


(a)
Amounts represent an estimate of non-cancelable inventory purchase orders and other contractual obligations related to information technology and facilities as of December 31, 2018. Most of the company's inventory purchases are pursuant to authorized distributor agreements, which are typically cancelable by either party at any time or on short notice, usually within a few months.

(b)
Includes estimates of contributions required to meet the requirements of the Wyle defined benefit plan. Amounts are subject to change based upon the performance of plan assets, as well as the discount rate used to determine the obligation. Also included are amounts relating to the Tax Act transition tax payable and personnel, facilities, and certain other costs resulting from restructuring and integration activities.

31


Under the terms of various joint venture agreements, the company is required to pay its pro-rata share of the third party debt of the joint ventures in the event that the joint ventures are unable to meet their obligations. At December 31, 2018, the company's pro-rata share of this debt was approximately $2.9 million.

At December 31, 2018, the company had a liability for unrecognized tax positions of $35.9 million. The timing of the resolution of these uncertain tax positions is dependent on the tax authorities' income tax examination processes. Material changes are not expected, however, it is possible that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits with respect to uncertain tax positions could increase or decrease during 2019. Currently, the company is unable to make a reasonable estimate of when tax cash settlement would occur and how it would impact the effective tax rate.

Share-Repurchase Programs

The following table shows the company's Board of Directors (the "Board") approved share-repurchase programs as of December 31, 2018:
Month of Board Approval
 
Dollar Value Approved for Repurchase
 
Dollar Value of Shares Repurchased
 
Approximate
Dollar Value of
Shares that May
Yet be
Purchased
Under the
Program
December 2016
 
400,000

 
271,388

 
128,612

December 2018
 
600,000

 
—

 
600,000

Total
 
$
1,000,000

 
$
271,388

 
$
728,612

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The company has no off-balance sheet financing or unconsolidated special purpose entities.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The company's consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires the company to make significant estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. The company evaluates its estimates on an ongoing basis. The company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed reasonable under the circumstances; the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

The company believes the following critical accounting policies involve the more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements:

Revenue Recognition

The company recognizes revenue when there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, delivery has occurred or services are rendered, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. Revenue typically is recognized at time of shipment. Sales are recorded net of discounts, rebates, and returns, which historically have not been material. Tariffs are included in sales as the company has enforceable rights to additional consideration to cover the cost of tariffs.

The Company allows its customers to return product for exchange or credit in limited circumstances. A liability is recorded at the time of sale for estimated product returns based upon historical experience. The Company also provides volume rebates and other discounts to certain customers which are considered variable consideration. A provision for customer rebates and other discounts is recorded as a reduction of revenue at the time of sale based on an evaluation of the contract terms and historical experience.

A portion of the company's business involves shipments directly from its suppliers to its customers. In these transactions, the company is responsible for negotiating price both with the supplier and customer, payment to the supplier, establishing payment

32

terms with the customer, product returns, and has risk of loss if the customer does not make payment. As the principal with the customer, the company recognizes the sale and cost of sale of the product upon receiving notification from the supplier that the product was shipped.

The Company has contracts with certain customers where the Company’s performance obligation is to arrange for the products or services to be provided by another party. In these arrangements, as the Company assumes an agency relationship in the transaction, revenue is recognized in the amount of the net fee associated with serving as an agent. These arrangements relate to the sale of supplier service contracts to customers where the company has no future obligation to perform under these contracts or the rendering of logistics services for the delivery of inventory for which the company does not assume the risks and rewards of ownership.

Accounts Receivable

The company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. The allowances for doubtful accounts are determined using a combination of factors, including the length of time the receivables are outstanding, the current business environment, and historical experience.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Write-downs of inventories to market value are based upon contractual provisions governing price protection, stock rotation, and obsolescence, as well as assumptions about future demand and market conditions. If assumptions about future demand change and/or actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by the company, additional write-downs of inventories may be required. Due to the large number of transactions and the complexity of managing the process around price protections and stock rotations, estimates are made regarding adjustments to the book cost of inventories. Actual amounts could be different from those estimated.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined on the basis of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

The carrying value of the company's deferred tax assets is dependent upon the company's ability to generate sufficient future taxable income in certain tax jurisdictions. Should the company determine that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of its deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance to reduce the deferred tax assets is established in the period such determination is made. The assessment of the need for a valuation allowance requires considerable judgment on the part of management with respect to the benefits that could be realized from future taxable income, as well as other positive and negative factors.

It is also the company's policy to provide for uncertain tax positions and the related interest and penalties based upon management's assessment of whether a tax benefit is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. To the extent the company prevails in matters for which a liability for an unrecognized tax benefit is established, or is required to pay amounts in excess of the liability, or when other facts and circumstances change, the company's effective tax rate in a given financial statement period may be materially affected.
                                
In accordance with SAB 118, the SEC’s staff accounting bulletin issued to address complexities involved in accounting for the U.S. government’s Tax Act enacted on December 22, 2017, the company completed its assessment of the enactment-date Tax Act effects based on U.S. GAAP guidance under ASC 740 and appropriately recorded tax impact in the fourth quarter of 2018 taking into account newly issued tax laws, regulations, and notices from the U.S. Department of Treasury and Internal Revenue Service tax authorities.

Contingencies and Litigation

The company is subject to proceedings, lawsuits, and other claims related to environmental, regulatory, labor, product, tax, and other matters and assesses the likelihood of an adverse judgment or outcome for these matters, as well as the range of potential losses. A determination of the reserves required, if any, is made after careful analysis. The reserves may change in the future due to new developments impacting the probability of a loss, the estimate of such loss, and the probability of recovery of such loss from third parties.

33


Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired. The company tests goodwill for impairment annually as of the first day of the fourth quarter and/or when an event occurs or circumstances change such that it is more likely than not that an impairment may exist. Examples of such events and circumstances that the company would consider include the following:

•
macroeconomic conditions such as deterioration in general economic conditions, limitations on accessing capital, fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, or other developments in equity and credit markets;
•
industry and market considerations such as a deterioration in the environment in which the company operates, an increased competitive environment, a decline in market-dependent multiples or metrics (considered in both absolute terms and relative to peers), a change in the market for the company's products or services, or a regulatory or political development;
•
cost factors such as increases in raw materials, labor, or other costs that have a negative effect on earnings and cash flows;
•
overall financial performance such as negative or declining cash flows or a decline in actual or planned revenue or earnings compared with actual and projected results of relevant prior periods;
•
other relevant entity-specific events such as changes in management, key personnel, strategy, or customers; contemplation of bankruptcy; or litigation;
•
events affecting a reporting unit such as a change in the composition or carrying amount of its net assets, a more-likely-than-not expectation of selling or disposing all, or a portion, of a reporting unit, the testing for recoverability of a significant asset group within a reporting unit, or recognition of a goodwill impairment loss in the financial statements of a subsidiary that is a component of a reporting unit; and
•
a sustained decrease in share price (considered in both absolute terms and relative to peers).

Goodwill is tested at a level of reporting referred to as "the reporting unit." The company's reporting units are defined as each of the three regional businesses within the global components business segment, which are the Americas, EMEA, and Asia/Pacific, each of the two regional businesses within the global ECS business segment, which are North America and EMEA, and eInfochips which was acquired in 2018.

An entity has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not (that is, a likelihood of more than 50%) that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, an entity determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the quantitative goodwill impairment test is unnecessary. The company has elected not to perform the qualitative assessment and performed the quantitative goodwill impairment test. The quantitative goodwill impairment test, used to identify both the existence of impairment and the amount of impairment loss, compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit is less than its fair value, no impairment exists. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss shall be recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.

The company estimates the fair value of a reporting unit using the income approach. For the purposes of the income approach, fair value is determined based on the present value of estimated future cash flows, discounted at an appropriate risk-adjusted rate. The assumptions included in the income approach include forecasted revenues, gross profit margins, operating income margins, working capital cash flow, forecasted capital expenditures, perpetual growth rates, and long-term discount rates, among others, all of which require significant judgments by management. Actual results may differ from those assumed in the company's forecasts. The company also reconciles its discounted cash flow analysis to its current market capitalization allowing for a reasonable control premium. As of the first day of the fourth quarters of 2018, 2017, and 2016, the company's annual impairment testing did not indicate impairment at any of the company's reporting units.

A decline in general economic conditions or global equity valuations could impact the judgments and assumptions about the fair value of the company's businesses, and the company could be required to record an impairment charge in the future, which could impact the company's consolidated balance sheet, as well as the company's consolidated statement of operations. If the company was required to recognize an impairment charge in the future, the charge would not impact the company's consolidated cash flows, current liquidity, capital resources, and covenants under its existing revolving credit facility, asset securitization program, and other outstanding borrowings.


34

As of December 31, 2018, the company has $2.6 billion of goodwill, of which approximately $1.1 billion, $84.1 million and $61.2 million was allocated to the Americas, EMEA, and Asia/Pacific reporting units within the global components business segment, respectively, $788.1 million and $399.1 million was allocated to the North America and EMEA reporting units within the global ECS business segment, respectively, and $181.0 million was allocated to the eInfochips reporting unit. As of the date of the company's latest impairment test, the fair value of the Americas, EMEA, and Asia/Pacific reporting units within the global components business segment, the fair value of the North America and EMEA reporting units within the global ECS business segment, and the fair value of the eInfochips reporting unit exceeded their carrying values by approximately 14%, 152%, 13%, 435%, 140%, and 3%, respectively.

Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-15, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other— Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force) ("ASU No. 2018-15"). ASU No. 2018-15 aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop internal-use software. ASU No. 2018-15 is effective for the company in the first quarter of 2020, with early adoption permitted, and is to be applied either retrospectively or prospectively. The company is currently evaluating the potential effects of adopting the provisions of ASU No. 2018-15. The adoption is not expected to be material to the financial statements.

In February 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) ("ASU No. 2018-02"). ASU No. 2018-02 provides financial statement preparers with an option to reclassify stranded tax effects within accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings in each period that is impacted by U.S. federal government tax legislation enacted in 2017. Effective January 1, 2018, the company adopted the provisions of ASU No. 2018-02 on a prospective basis as an adjustment to retained earnings of $4,116.

In August 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) ("ASU No. 2017-12"). ASU No. 2017-12 simplifies certain aspects of hedge accounting and results in a more accurate portrayal of the economics of an entity’s risk management activities in its financial statements. ASU No. 2017-12 is effective for the company in the first quarter of 2019, with early adoption permitted, and is to be applied on a modified retrospective basis. The company is currently evaluating the potential effects of adopting the provisions of ASU No. 2017-12. The adoption is not expected to be material to the financial statements.

In March 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-07, Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715) ("ASU No. 2017-07"). ASU No. 2017-07 requires that the service cost component of pension expense be included in the same line item as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by employees, with the other components of pension expense being classified outside of a subtotal of income from operations. Effective January 1, 2018, the company adopted the provisions of ASU No. 2017-07 on a retrospective basis for the presentation requirements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) ("ASU No. 2016-13"). ASU No. 2016-13 revises the methodology for measuring credit losses on financial instruments and the timing of when such losses are recorded. In November 2018 the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-19,  Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, which provides supplemental guidance and clarification to ASU No. 2016-13 and must be adopted concurrently with the adoption of ASU No. 2016-13, cumulatively referred to as “Topic 326.” Topic 326 is effective for the company in the first quarter of 2020, with early adoption permitted, and is to be applied using a modified retrospective approach. The company is currently evaluating the potential effects of adopting the provisions of ASU No. 2016-13.

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) ("ASU No. 2016-02"). ASU No. 2016-02 requires the entity to recognize the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by leased assets. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting expense recognition in the income statement. In July 2018 the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases, and ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842) Targeted Improvements, which provide supplemental adoption guidance and clarification to ASU No. 2016-02, and must be adopted concurrently with the adoption of ASU No. 2016-02, cumulatively referred to as “Topic 842”. Topic 842 is effective for the company in the first quarter of 2019, with early adoption permitted, and is to be applied using either a modified retrospective approach, or an optional transition method which allows an entity to apply the new standard at the adoption date with a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption.

The company expects to adopt Topic 842 in the first quarter of 2019 under the optional transition method described above. In addition, the company will elect the short-term lease exception outlined in ASC 842. While the company continues to evaluate

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the effects of adopting the provisions of Topic 842, the company expects most existing operating lease commitments will be recognized as operating lease liabilities and right-of-use assets upon adoption. The adoption is not expected to be material to the financial statements, and based on our ongoing assessment, will increase total assets by less than 3%.

In January 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (Topic 825) ("ASU No. 2016-01"). ASU No. 2016-01 revises the classification and measurement of investments in certain equity investments and the presentation of certain fair value changes for certain financial liabilities measured at fair value. ASU No. 2016-01 requires the change in fair value of many equity investments to be recognized in net income. Effective January 1, 2018, the company adopted the provisions of ASU No. 2016-01 on a prospective basis as an adjustment to retained earnings of $18,238.

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) ("ASU No. 2014-09"). ASU No. 2014-09 supersedes all existing revenue recognition guidance. Under ASU No. 2014-09, an entity should recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In March, April, May, and December 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net) ("ASU No. 2016-08"); ASU No. 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing ("ASU No. 2016-10"); ASU No. 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients ("ASU No. 2016-12"); and ASU No. 2016-19, Technical Corrections and Improvements ("ASU No. 2016-19"), respectively. ASU No. 2016-08, ASU No. 2016-10, ASU No. 2016-12, and ASU No. 2016-19 provide supplemental adoption guidance and clarification to ASU No. 2014-09, and must be adopted concurrently with the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09, cumulatively referred to as "Topic 606".

On January 1, 2018, the company adopted Topic 606 applying the full retrospective method. The primary impact of adoption relates to the application of principal versus agent indicators and the determination of whether goods and services are distinct. In addition, the company is deferring certain revenue due to the determination of when transfer of control occurs. The deferrals are expected to be recognized within a year of the transaction date.

Information Relating to Forward-Looking Statements

This report includes forward-looking statements that are subject to numerous assumptions, risks, and uncertainties, which could cause actual results or facts to differ materially from such statements for a variety of reasons, including, but not limited to: industry conditions, the company's implementation of its new enterprise resource planning system, changes in product supply, pricing and customer demand, competition, other vagaries in the global components and global ECS markets, changes in relationships with key suppliers, increased profit margin pressure, the effects of additional actions taken to become more efficient or lower costs, risks related to the integration of acquired businesses, changes in legal and regulatory matters, and the company’s ability to generate additional cash flow.  Forward-looking statements are those statements which are not statements of historical fact.  These forward-looking statements can be identified by forward-looking words such as "expects," "anticipates," "intends," "plans," "may," "will," "believes," "seeks," "estimates," and similar expressions.  Shareholders and other readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date on which they are made.  The company undertakes no obligation to update publicly or revise any of the forward-looking statements.

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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

The company is exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

The company, as a large global organization, faces exposure to adverse movements in foreign currency exchange rates. These exposures may change over time as business practices evolve and could materially impact the company's financial results in the future. The company's primary exposure relates to transactions in which the currency collected from customers is different from the currency utilized to purchase the product sold in Europe, the Asia Pacific region, Canada, and Latin America. The company's policy is to hedge substantially all such currency exposures for which natural hedges do not exist. Natural hedges exist when purchases and sales within a specific country are both denominated in the same currency and, therefore, no exposure exists to hedge with foreign exchange forward, option, or swap contracts (collectively, the "foreign exchange contracts"). In many regions in Asia, for example, sales and purchases are primarily denominated in U.S. dollars, resulting in a "natural hedge." Natural hedges exist in most countries in which the company operates, although the percentage of natural offsets, as compared with offsets that need to be hedged by foreign exchange contracts, will vary from country to country. The company does not enter into foreign exchange contracts for trading purposes. The risk of loss on a foreign exchange contract is the risk of nonperformance by the counterparties, which the company minimizes by limiting its counterparties to major financial institutions. The fair values of the foreign exchange contracts, which are nominal, are estimated using market quotes. The notional amount of the foreign exchange contracts at December 31, 2018 and 2017 was $607.7 million and $504.1 million, respectively.

The translation of the financial statements of the non-United States operations is impacted by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The change in consolidated sales and operating income was impacted by the translation of the company's international financial statements into U.S. dollars. This resulted in increased sales and operating income of $253.2 million and $4.6 million, respectively, for 2018, compared with the year-earlier period, based on 2017 sales and operating income at the average rate for 2018. Sales and operating income would decrease by approximately $756.8 million and $37.8 million, respectively, if average foreign exchange rates had declined by 10% against the U.S. dollar in 2018. These amounts were determined by considering the impact of a hypothetical foreign exchange rate on the sales and operating income of the company's international operations.

Interest Rate Risk

The company's interest expense, in part, is sensitive to the general level of interest rates in North America, Europe, and the Asia Pacific region. The company historically has managed its exposure to interest rate risk through the proportion of fixed-rate and floating-rate debt in its total debt portfolio. Additionally, the company utilizes interest rate swaps in order to manage its targeted mix of fixed- and floating-rate debt.

At December 31, 2018, approximately 68% of the company's debt was subject to fixed rates and 32% of its debt was subject to floating rates.  A one percentage point change in average interest rates would cause net interest and other financing expense in 2018 to increase by $18.6 million. This was determined by considering the impact of a hypothetical interest rate on the company's average floating rate on investments and average outstanding variable debt.  This analysis does not consider the effect of the level of overall economic activity that could exist.  In the event of a change in the level of economic activity, which may adversely impact interest rates, the company could likely take actions to further mitigate any potential negative exposure to the change.  However, due to the uncertainty of the specific actions that might be taken and their possible effects, the sensitivity analysis assumes no changes in the company's financial structure.

In July 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority (the authority that regulates LIBOR) announced it intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. The Alternative Reference Rates Committee ("ARRC") has proposed that the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") is the rate that represents best practice as the alternative to USD-LIBOR for use in derivatives and other financial contracts that are currently indexed to USD-LIBOR. ARRC has proposed a paced market transition plan to SOFR from USD-LIBOR and organizations are currently working on industry wide and company specific transition plans as it relates to derivatives and cash markets exposed to USD-LIBOR. The company has an asset securitization program, revolving credit facility, certain lines of credit, and interest rate swaps that are indexed to USD-LIBOR and is monitoring this activity and evaluating the related risks.







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Item 8.    Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm


To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Arrow Electronics, Inc.


Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Arrow Electronics, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated February 7, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the f