ALGN-2013.6.30-Q2
Table of Contents

 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
____________________________ 
FORM 10-Q
____________________________ 
(Mark One)
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2013
OR
 
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                     to
Commission file number: 0-32259 
____________________________
ALIGN TECHNOLOGY, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
____________________________ 
Delaware
94-3267295
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
2560 Orchard Parkway
San Jose, California 95131
(Address of principal executive offices)
(408) 470-1000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 ____________________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer
x
Accelerated filer
¨
Non-accelerated filer
o  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company
¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.0001 par value, as of July 26, 2013 was 79,837,318.

 

Table of Contents

ALIGN TECHNOLOGY, INC.
INDEX
 
 
 
 
PART I
ITEM 1.
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 2.
ITEM 3.
ITEM 4.
PART II
ITEM 1.
ITEM 1A.
ITEM 2.
ITEM 3.
ITEM 4.
ITEM 5.
ITEM 6.
Invisalign, Align, ClinCheck, Invisalign Assist, Invisalign Teen Vivera, SmartForce, SmartTrack, Power Ridges, iTero, Orthocad iCast and Orthocad iRecord amongst others, are trademarks belonging to Align Technology, Inc., and/or its subsidiaries and are pending or registered in the United States and other countries.


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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ALIGN TECHNOLOGY, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share data)
(unaudited)
         
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30,
 
June 30,
 
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
Net revenues
$
163,828

 
$
145,626

 
$
317,408

 
$
280,705

Cost of net revenues
40,137

 
36,826

 
80,868

 
71,145

Gross profit
123,691

 
108,800

 
236,540

 
209,560

Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales and marketing
47,847

 
39,087

 
90,128

 
77,804

General and administrative
27,027

 
23,021

 
57,375

 
46,532

Research and development
10,916

 
10,680

 
22,198

 
21,206

Impairment of goodwill
—

 
—

 
40,693

 
—

Impairment of long-lived assets
—

 
—

 
26,320

 
—

Total operating expenses
85,790

 
72,788

 
236,714

 
145,542

Income (loss) from operations
37,901

 
36,012

 
(174
)
 
64,018

Interest and other income (expenses), net
(335
)
 
541

 
(1,323
)
 
(271
)
Net income (loss) before provision for income taxes
37,566

 
36,553

 
(1,497
)
 
63,747

Provision for income taxes
8,246

 
8,061

 
11,166

 
14,271

Net income (loss)
$
29,320

 
$
28,492

 
$
(12,663
)
 
$
49,476

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
0.36

 
$
0.35

 
$
(0.16
)
 
$
0.62

Diluted
$
0.36

 
$
0.34

 
$
(0.16
)
 
$
0.60

Shares used in computing net income (loss) per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
80,576

 
80,384

 
80,909

 
79,810

Diluted
82,149

 
82,954

 
80,909

 
82,446

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ALIGN TECHNOLOGY, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30,
 
June 30,
 
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
Net income (loss)
$
29,320

 
$
28,492

 
$
(12,663
)
 
$
49,476

Net change in cumulative translation adjustment
(8
)
 
(521
)
 
(64
)
 
(361
)
Change in unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities, net of tax
(186
)
 
(12
)
 
(183
)
 
(25
)
Other comprehensive loss
(194
)
 
(533
)
 
(247
)
 
(386
)
Comprehensive income (loss)
$
29,126

 
$
27,959

 
$
(12,910
)
 
$
49,090

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ALIGN TECHNOLOGY, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except per share data)
(unaudited)
 
 
June 30,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
ASSETS
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
164,497

 
$
306,386

Restricted cash
516

 
1,575

Marketable securities, short-term
113,933

 
28,485

Accounts receivable, net of allowances for doubtful accounts and returns of $1,101 and $2,484, respectively
112,367

 
98,992

Inventories
15,704

 
15,122

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
35,076

 
35,233

Total current assets
442,093

 
485,793

Marketable securities, long-term
62,885

 
21,252

Property, plant and equipment, net
76,932

 
79,191

Goodwill
61,713

 
99,236

Intangible assets, net
24,975

 
45,777

Deferred tax assets
30,622

 
21,609

Other assets
4,674

 
3,454

Total assets
$
703,894

 
$
756,312

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts payable
$
21,556

 
$
19,549

Accrued liabilities
75,776

 
74,247

Deferred revenues
63,322

 
61,975

Total current liabilities
160,654

 
155,771

Other long-term liabilities
23,042

 
19,224

Total liabilities
183,696

 
174,995

Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)

 

Stockholders’ equity:
 
 
 
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value (5,000 shares authorized; none issued)
—

 
—

Common stock, $0.0001 par value (200,000 shares authorized; 79,699 and 80,611 issued and outstanding at 2013 and 2012, respectively)
8

 
8

Additional paid-in capital
693,102

 
670,732

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
(44
)
 
203

Accumulated deficit
(172,868
)
 
(89,626
)
Total stockholders’ equity
520,198

 
581,317

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
703,894

 
$
756,312

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ALIGN TECHNOLOGY, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
 
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30,
 
2013
 
2012
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
 
 

Net income (loss)
$
(12,663
)
 
$
49,476

Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
Deferred taxes
6,272

 
9,228

Depreciation and amortization
7,087

 
5,905

Amortization of intangibles
1,702

 
2,246

Stock-based compensation
13,675

 
10,142

Excess tax benefit from share-based payment arrangements
(15,331
)
 
(16,745
)
Impairment of goodwill
40,693

 
—

Impairment of long-lived assets
26,320

 
—

Provision for (recovery of) doubtful accounts and returns
(1,081
)
 
310

Other non-cash income (expense)
(13
)
 
74

Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisition:

 
 
 
Accounts receivable
(7,567
)
 
(11,813
)
Inventories
(581
)
 
(5,221
)
Prepaid expenses and other assets
(234
)
 
(1,970
)
Accounts payable
50

 
(1,954
)
Accrued and other long-term liabilities
3,298

 
(3,927
)
Deferred revenues
2,099

 
7,004

Net cash provided by operating activities
63,726

 
42,755

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
 
 
 
Acquisition, net of cash acquired
(7,652
)
 
—

Release of restricted cash
1,053

 
2,848

Purchase of property, plant and equipment
(9,389
)
 
(25,778
)
Purchase of marketable securities
(150,806
)
 
(43,857
)
Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities
18,117

 
10,002

Proceeds from sales of marketable securities
5,043

 
—

Other payments for investing activities
(138
)
 
(125
)
Net cash used in investing activities
(143,772
)
 
(56,910
)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
 
 
 
Proceeds from issuance of common stock
21,128

 
23,689

Common stock repurchase
(95,108
)
 
(2,524
)
Excess tax benefit from share-based payment arrangements
15,331

 
16,745

Employees’ taxes paid upon the vesting of restricted stock units
(3,234
)
 
(1,627
)
Other payments for financing activities
(13
)
 
—

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
(61,896
)
 
36,283

Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
53

 
(4
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
(141,889
)
 
22,124

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the period
306,386

 
240,675

Cash and cash equivalents, end of the period
$
164,497

 
$
262,799

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


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ALIGN TECHNOLOGY, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of presentation

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared by Align Technology, Inc. (“we”, “our”, or “Align”) in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") and contain all adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly our results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, our comprehensive income (loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, our financial position as of June 30, 2013 and our cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012. The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2012 was derived from the December 31, 2012 audited financial statements. Net revenues by geographic area for prior period amounts in Note 13 have been reclassified to conform with the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no impact on our financial position for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012.

The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2013 or any other future period, and we make no representations related thereto. The information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” and the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in Items 7, 7A and 8, respectively, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") in the United States of America (“U.S.”) requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to the fair values of financial instruments, long-lived assets and goodwill, useful lives of intangible assets and property and equipment, stock-based compensation, income taxes, and contingent liabilities, among others. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2013-02, “Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ("AOCI")”. This standard requires reporting, in one place, information about reclassifications out of AOCI by component. An entity is required to present, either on the face of the financial statements or in the notes, significant amounts reclassified out of AOCI by the respective line items of net income, but only if the amount is reclassified in its entirety in the same reporting period. For amounts that are not required to be reclassified to net income in their entirety, an entity is required to cross-reference to other currently required disclosures that provide additional detail about those amounts. The information required by this standard must be presented in one place, either parenthetically on the face of the financial statements by income statement line item or in a note. The adoption of this guidance during our first quarter of 2013 did not have a material affect to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In July 2013, FASB issued ASU 2013-11, "Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit when a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force)." The amendments in this ASU provide guidance on the financial statements presentation of an unrecognized tax benefit when a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward exists. An unrecognized tax benefit should be presented in the financial statements as a reduction to a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward with certain exceptions, in which case such an unrecognized tax benefit should be presented in the financial statements as a liability. The amendments in this ASU do not require new recurring disclosures. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013. We are currently assessing the impact of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements.




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Note 2. Marketable Securities and Fair Value Measurements

Our short-term and long-term marketable securities as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 are as follows (in thousands):

Short-term
June 30, 2013
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
Corporate bonds
$
29,054

 
$
10

 
$
(14
)
 
$
29,050

U.S. dollar dominated foreign corporate bonds
12,824

 
4

 
(5
)
 
12,823

Commercial paper
42,436

 
15

 
—

 
42,451

Municipal securities
1,150

 
—

 
(1
)
 
1,149

U.S. government agency bonds
26,473

 
—

 
(10
)
 
26,463

Asset-backed securities
2,000

 
—

 
(3
)
 
1,997

Total Marketable Securities, Short-Term
$
113,937

 
$
29

 
$
(33
)
 
$
113,933


Long-term
 
June 30, 2013
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
Corporate bonds
$
25,555

 
$
1

 
$
(81
)
 
$
25,475

U.S. government agency bonds
7,768

 
1

 
(5
)
 
7,764

U.S. dollar dominated foreign corporate bonds
15,189

 
—

 
(46
)
 
15,143

U.S. government treasury bonds
3,621

 
—

 
(2
)
 
3,619

Municipal securities
8,906

 
—

 
(14
)
 
8,892

Asset-backed securities
2,000

 
—

 
(8
)
 
1,992

Total Marketable Securities, Long-Term
$
63,039

 
$
2

 
$
(156
)
 
$
62,885


Short-term
December 31, 2012
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
Corporate bonds
$
18,767

 
$
7

 
$
(4
)
 
$
18,770

Commercial paper
4,646

 
1

 
—

 
4,647

U.S. dollar dominated foreign corporate bonds
5,060

 
9

 
(1
)
 
5,068

Total Marketable Securities, Short-Term
$
28,473

 
$
17

 
$
(5
)
 
$
28,485

Long-term 
December 31, 2012
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
Corporate bonds
$
16,132

 
$
16

 
$
(7
)
 
$
16,141

U.S. government agency bonds
2,069

 
1

 
—

 
2,070

U.S. dollar dominated foreign corporate bonds
3,038

 
4

 
(1
)
 
3,041

Total Marketable Securities, Long-Term
$
21,239

 
$
21

 
$
(8
)
 
$
21,252

 For the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, realized losses were immaterial. Unrealized gains and losses for our available for sale securities as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 were also immaterial. Cash and cash equivalents are not included in the table above as the gross unrealized gains and losses are not material. We have no material short-term or long-term investments that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for greater than twelve months as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. Amounts reclassified to earnings from accumulated other comprehensive income related to unrealized gain or losses were immaterial for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012.

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Our fixed-income securities investment portfolio consists of corporate bonds, U.S. government agency bonds, U.S. dollar dominated foreign corporate bonds, municipal securities, asset-backed securities and commercial paper that have a maximum maturity of two years. The securities that we invest in are generally deemed to be low risk based on their credit ratings from the major rating agencies. The longer the duration of these securities, the more susceptible they are to changes in market interest rates and bond yields. As interest rates increase, those securities purchased at a lower yield show a mark-to-market unrealized loss. The unrealized losses are due primarily to changes in credit spreads and interest rates. We expect to realize the full value of all these investments upon maturity or sale. The weighted average remaining duration of these securities was approximately 10 months as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

As the carrying value approximates the fair value for our short-term and long-term marketable securities shown in the tables above, the following table summarizes the fair value of our short-term and long-term marketable securities classified by maturity as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 (in thousands):

 
June 30,
 
December 31,
 
2013
 
2012
Due in one year or less
$
113,933

 
$
28,485

Due in one to two years
62,885

 
21,252

Total available for sale short-term and long-term securities
$
176,818

 
$
49,737


Fair Value Measurements

We measure the fair value of our cash equivalents and marketable securities as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. We use the GAAP fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. This hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1—Quoted (unadjusted) prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Our Level 1 assets consist of money market funds and U.S. government treasury bonds. We did not hold any Level 1 liabilities as of June 30, 2013 or December 31, 2012.

Level 2—Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Our Level 2 assets consist of commercial paper, corporate bonds, U.S. dollar dominated foreign corporate bonds, U.S. government agency bonds, municipal securities, asset-backed securities and our Israeli severance funds that are mainly invested in insurance policies. We obtain fair values for level 2 investments from our asset manager for each of our portfolios. Our custody bank and asset managers independently use professional pricing services to gather pricing data which may include quoted market prices for identical or comparable financial instruments, or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable either directly or indirectly, and we are ultimately responsible for these underlying estimates.

We did not hold any Level 2 liabilities as of June 30, 2013 or December 31, 2012.

Level 3—Unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include those whose fair value measurements are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar valuation techniques, as well as significant management judgment or estimation.

We did not hold any Level 3 assets or liabilities as of June 30, 2013 or December 31, 2012.
Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements

During the three months ended March 31, 2013, we recorded an impairment charge to our long-lived assets and goodwill of $26.3 million and $40.7 million, respectively, related to our Scanner and CAD/CAM Services ("SCCS") reporting

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unit as an event occurred and circumstances changed that led us to perform an impairment analysis prior to our annual test which required us to determine the fair value of the SCCS reporting unit (Refer to Note 5). These fair value measurements were calculated using unobservable inputs, using the income approach which is classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. Inputs for the income approach includes the amount and timing of future cash flows based on our most recent operational budgets, strategic plans, terminal growth rates assumptions and other estimates.

The following table summarizes our financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2013 (in thousands):
 
Description
Balance as of
June 30, 2013
 
Quoted Prices in
Active  Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other
Observable  Inputs
(Level 2)
Cash equivalents:
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
$
49,750

 
$
49,750

 
$
—

Commercial paper
34,291

 
—

 
34,291

U.S. dollar dominated foreign corporate bonds
1,003

 
—

 
1,003

U.S. government agency bonds
1,750

 
—

 
1,750

Short-term investments:
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial paper
42,451

 
—

 
42,451

Corporate bonds
29,050

 
—

 
29,050

U.S. dollar dominated foreign corporate bonds
12,823

 
—

 
12,823

Municipal securities
1,149

 
—

 
1,149

U.S. government agency bonds
26,463

 
—

 
26,463

Asset-backed securities
1,997

 
—

 
1,997

Long-term investments:
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate bonds
25,475

 
—

 
25,475

U.S. government agency bonds
7,764

 
—

 
7,764

U.S. dollar dominated foreign corporate bonds
15,143

 
—

 
15,143

U.S. government treasury bonds
3,619

 
3,619

 
—

Municipal securities
8,892

 
—

 
8,892

Asset-backed securities
1,992

 
—

 
1,992

Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Israeli severance funds
2,432

 
—

 
2,432

 
$
266,044

 
$
53,369

 
$
212,675



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The following table summarizes our financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2012 (in thousands):
 
Description
Balance as of
December 31, 2012
 
Quoted Prices in
Active  Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other
Observable  Inputs
(Level 2)
Cash equivalents:
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
$
86,166

 
$
86,166

 
$
—

Commercial paper
950

 
—

 
950

Short-term investments:
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial paper
4,647

 
—

 
4,647

Corporate bonds
18,770

 
—

 
18,770

U.S. government agency bonds
5,068

 
—

 
5,068

Long-term investments:
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agency bonds
2,070

 
—

 
2,070

Corporate bonds
16,141

 
—

 
16,141

U.S. dollar denominated foreign corporate bonds
3,041

 
—

 
3,041

Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Israeli severance funds
2,218

 
—

 
2,218

 
$
139,071

 
$
86,166

 
$
52,905



Note 3. Balance Sheet Components

Inventories

Inventories are comprised of (in thousands):
 
 
June 30,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
Raw materials
$
6,464

 
$
7,629

Work in process
3,895

 
3,889

Finished goods
5,345

 
3,604

Total Inventories
$
15,704

 
$
15,122


Work in process includes costs to produce our clear aligner and intra-oral products. Finished goods primarily represent our intra-oral scanners and ancillary products that support our clear aligner products.


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Accrued liabilities

Accrued liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):
 
 
June 30,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
Accrued payroll and benefits
$
39,577

 
$
39,621

Accrued sales rebates
9,547

 
8,333

Accrued sales tax and value added tax
4,672

 
5,253

Accrued sales and marketing expenses
3,371

 
4,088

Accrued warranty
4,453

 
4,050

Accrued accounts payable
3,981

 
2,866

Customer deposits
2,054

 
237

Accrued professional fees
1,160

 
2,349

Accrued income taxes
1,444

 
572

Other accrued liabilities
5,517

 
6,878

Total Accrued Liabilities
$
75,776

 
$
74,247


Warranty

We regularly review and update the accrued warranty balances and update these balances based on historical warranty trends. Actual warranty costs incurred have not materially differed from those accrued; however, future actual warranty costs could differ from the estimated amounts.

Clear Aligner

We warrant our Invisalign products against material defects until the Invisalign case is complete. We accrue for warranty costs in cost of net revenues upon shipment of products. The amount of accrued estimated warranty costs is primarily based on historical experience as to product failures as well as current information on replacement costs.

Scanners

We warrant our scanners for a period of one year from the date of training and installation. We accrue for these warranty costs which includes materials and labor based on estimated historical repair costs. Extended service packages may be purchased for additional fees.

The following table reflects the change in our warranty accrual during the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 (in thousands):
 
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
2013
 
2012
Balance at beginning of period
$
4,050

 
$
3,177

Charged to cost of net revenues
2,784

 
2,113

Actual warranty expenditures
(2,381
)
 
(1,777
)
Balance at end of period
$
4,453

 
$
3,513


Note 4. Business Combinations

On April 30, 2013, we completed the acquisition of ICA Holdings Pty Limited ("ICA") upon the expiration of the distribution agreement between certain subsidiaries of ICA and Align Technology B.V., for a total cash consideration of approximately $8.6 million, of which $7.4 million was attributed to assets acquired, $2.3 million in liabilities assumed and $3.5 million to goodwill. Goodwill as a result of this acquisition represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the underlying net assets acquired and represents the knowledge and experience of the workforce in place.  None of this goodwill will be deductible for tax purposes. Under the applicable accounting guidance, goodwill will not be amortized but will be tested for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently if certain indicators are present.  


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We believe that the transition from our distributor arrangement to a direct sales model as a result of the acquisition of ICA will increase our net revenues in the region as we will experience higher average sales prices (“ASP”) as compared to our discounted ASP under the prior distribution agreement. 

Pro forma results of operations for this acquisition have not been presented as it is not material to our results of operations, either individually or in aggregate, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012.

Note 5. Goodwill and Long-lived Assets

Goodwill
The change in the carrying value of goodwill for the six months ended June 30, 2013 by our reportable segments, which are also our reporting units, is as follows (in thousands):
 
Clear Aligner
 
SCCS
 
Total
Balance as of December 31, 2012
$
58,543

 
$
40,693

 
$
99,236

Goodwill from ICA acquisition
3,509

 
—

 
3,509

Impairment of goodwill
—

 
(40,693
)
 
(40,693
)
Adjustments 1
(339
)
 
—

 
(339
)
Balance as of June 30, 2013
$
61,713

 
$
—

 
$
61,713

1The adjustments to goodwill during the six months ended June 30, 2013 were due primarily to foreign currency translation.
Impairment of Goodwill
We test our goodwill balances for impairment annually on November 30th or more frequently if indicators are present or circumstances change that suggest it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying amount. During March 2013, changes in the competitive environment for intra-oral scanners, including announcements from our competitors of new low-priced scanners targeted at orthodontists and general practitioner dentists in North America, that caused us to lower our expectations for growth and profitability for our SCCS reporting unit. As a result, we determined that goodwill for our SCCS reporting unit should be tested for impairment as of March 2013 due to these facts and circumstances which would more likely than not reduce the fair value of our SCCS reporting unit below its carrying amount.
We performed a step one analysis for our SCCS reporting unit which consists of a comparison of the fair value of the SCCS reporting unit against its carrying amount, including the goodwill allocated to it. In deriving the fair value of the SCCS reporting unit, we utilized the income approach which is classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. This approach provides an estimated fair value based on discounted expected future cash flows, which are based on management's estimates of revenue growth rates and operating margins, taking into consideration industry and market conditions. The discount rate used is based on a weighted average cost of capital adjusted for the relevant risk associated with the characteristics of the business and the projected cash flows.
As a result of our step one analysis, we concluded that the fair value of the SCCS reporting unit was less than its carrying value; therefore, we proceeded to step two of the goodwill impairment analysis. Step two of the goodwill impairment analysis measures the impairment charge by allocating the reporting unit's fair value to all of the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit in a hypothetical analysis that calculates the implied fair value of goodwill in the same manner as if the reporting unit was being acquired in a business combination. This allocation process was performed only for the purposes of measuring the goodwill impairment and not to adjust the carrying values of the recognized tangible assets and liabilities. Any excess of the carrying value of the reporting unit's goodwill over the implied fair value of the reporting unit's goodwill is recorded as an impairment loss. Based on our analysis, there was no implied goodwill for the SCCS reporting unit. We therefore recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $40.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2013, which represents the remaining goodwill balance in the SCCS reporting unit. None of the goodwill impairment charge was deductible for tax purposes.

Long-lived Assets

Impairment of Long-lived Assets


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We amortize our intangible assets over their estimated useful lives. We evaluate long-lived assets, which includes property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. The carrying value is not recoverable if it exceeds the undiscounted cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. Our estimates of future cash flows attributable to our long-lived assets require significant judgment based on our historical and anticipated results and are subject to many factors. Factors we consider important which could trigger an impairment review include significant negative industry or economic trends, significant loss of customers and changes in the competitive environment of our intra-oral scanning business.

During March 2013, changes in the competitive environment for intra-oral scanners, including announcements of new low-priced scanners targeted at orthodontists and general practitioner dentists in North America, caused us to lower our expectations for growth and profitability for our SCCS reporting unit. As a result, we determined that the carrying value of the SCCS long-lived assets was not recoverable as compared to the value of the undiscounted cash flows of our revised projections for the asset group. In order to determine the impairment amount of our long-lived assets, we fair valued each key component of our long-lived assets within the asset group, which involved the use of significant estimates and assumptions including replacement costs, revenue growth rates, operating margins, and plant and equipment cost trends. We determined our long-lived asset group within the SCCS reporting unit to be primarily finite-lived intangible assets, plant and equipment. Upon completion of this analysis, we recorded a total impairment charge of $26.3 million of which $19.3 million represented the impairment related to our SCCS intangible assets and $7.0 million related to plant and equipment.

Intangible assets arising either as a direct result from the Cadent acquisition or individually acquired are being amortized as follows (in thousands):
 
 
Weighted Average Amortization Period (in years)
 
Gross Carrying Amount as of
June 30, 2013
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Accumulated
Impairment Loss
 
Net Carrying
Value as of
June 30, 2013
Trademarks
15
 
$
7,100

 
$
(1,043
)
 
$
(4,179
)
 
$
1,878

Existing technology
13
 
12,600

 
(1,984
)
 
(4,328
)
 
6,288

Customer relationships
11
 
33,500

 
(6,202
)
 
(10,751
)
 
16,547

Other
7
 
285

 
(22
)
 
—

 
263

 
 
 
$
53,485

 
$
(9,251
)
 
$
(19,258
)
 
$
24,976


 
Weighted Average Amortization Period (in years)
 
Gross Carrying
Amount as of
December 31, 2012
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net Carrying
Value as of
December 31, 2012
Trademarks
15
 
$
7,100

 
$
(895
)
 
$
6,205

Existing technology
13
 
12,600

 
(1,642
)
 
10,958

Customer relationships
11
 
33,500

 
(5,002
)
 
28,498

Other
8
 
125

 
(9
)
 
116

 
 
 
$
53,325

 
$
(7,548
)
 
$
45,777




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The total estimated annual future amortization expense for these acquired intangible assets as of June 30, 2013 is as follows (in thousands):
 
Fiscal Year Ending December 31,
 
Remainder of 2013
$
1,325

2014
2,635

2015
2,629

2016
2,629

2017
2,629

Thereafter
13,129

Total
$
24,976



Note 6. Credit Facilities

On March 22, 2013, we entered into a credit facility with Wells Fargo Bank. The credit facility provides for a $50.0 million revolving line of credit, with a $10.0 million letter of credit sublimit, and has a maturity date on March 22, 2016. The credit facility also requires us to maintain a minimum unrestricted cash balance of $50.0 million and comply with specific financial conditions and performance requirements. The loans bear interest, at our option, at a fluctuating rate per annum equal to the daily one-month adjusted LIBOR rate plus a spread of 1.75% or an adjusted LIBOR rate (based on one, three, six or twelve-month interest periods) plus a spread of 1.75%. As of June 30, 2013, we had no outstanding borrowings under this credit facility and were in compliance with the conditions and performance requirements.

Note 7. Legal Proceedings
    
Securities Class Action Lawsuit
    
On November 28, 2012, plaintiff City of Dearborn Heights Act 345 Police & Fire Retirement System filed a lawsuit against Align, Thomas M. Prescott (“Mr. Prescott”), Align's President and Chief Executive Officer, and Kenneth B. Arola (“Mr. Arola”), Align's former Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer, in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California on behalf of a purported class of purchasers of our common stock (the "Securities Action"). On July 11, 2013, an amended complaint was filed, which names the same defendants, on behalf of a purported class of purchasers of our common stock between January 31, 2012 and October 17, 2012. The amended complaint alleges that Align, Mr. Prescott and Mr. Arola violated Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder, and that Mr. Prescott and Mr. Arola violated Section 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Specifically, the amended complaint alleges that during the purported class period defendants failed to take an appropriate goodwill impairment charge related to the April 29, 2011 acquisition of Cadent Holdings, Inc. in fourth quarter of 2011, the first quarter of 2012 or the second quarter of 2012, which rendered our financial statements and projections of future earnings materially false and misleading and in violation of GAAP. The amended complaint seeks monetary damages in an unspecified amount, costs and attorney's fees. Align intends to file a motion to dismiss the amended complaint. That motion is due no later than August 22, 2013. Align intends to vigorously defend itself against these allegations. Align is currently unable to predict the outcome of this amended complaint and therefore cannot determine the likelihood of loss nor estimate a range of possible loss.
    
Shareholder Derivative Lawsuit
    
On February 1, 2013, plaintiff Gary Udis filed a shareholder derivative lawsuit against several of Align's current and former officers and directors in the Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara. The complaint alleges that our reported income and earnings were materially overstated because of a failure to timely write down goodwill related to the April 29, 2011 acquisition of Cadent Holdings, Inc., and that defendants made allegedly false statements concerning our forecasts. The complaint asserts various state law causes of action, including claims of breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, and insider trading, among others. The complaint seeks unspecified damages on behalf of Align, which is named solely as nominal defendant against whom no recovery is sought. The complaint also seeks an order directing Align to reform and improve its corporate governance and internal procedures, and seeks restitution in an unspecified amount, costs, and attorney's fees. On July 8, 2013, an Order was entered staying this derivative lawsuit until an initial ruling on our first motion to dismiss the Securities Action. Align is currently unable to predict the outcome of this complaint and therefore cannot determine the likelihood of loss nor estimate a range of possible losses.


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In addition, in the course of Align's operations, Align is involved in a variety of claims, suits, investigations, and proceedings, including actions with respect to intellectual property claims, patent infringement claims, government investigations, labor and employment claims, breach of contract claims, tax, and other matters. Regardless of the outcome, these proceedings can have an adverse impact on us because of defense costs, diversion of management resources, and other factors. Although the results of complex legal proceedings are difficult to predict and Align's view of these matters may change in the future as litigation and events related thereto unfold; Align currently does not believe that these matters, individually or in the aggregate, will materially affect Align's financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases

As of June 30, 2013, minimum future lease payments for non-cancelable operating leases are as follows (in thousands):
 
Fiscal Year Ending December 31,
 
Operating leases
Remainder of 2013
 
$
3,918

2014
 
7,184

2015
 
5,500

2016
 
4,921

2017
 
2,367

Thereafter
 
52

Total minimum future lease payments
 
$
23,942


Off-balance Sheet Arrangements

As of June 30, 2013, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future material effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Indemnification Provisions
In the normal course of business to facilitate transactions in our services and products, we indemnify certain parties: customers, vendors, lessors and other parties with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, services to be provided by us and intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties. In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and certain of our officers that will require us, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers. Several of these agreements limit the time within which an indemnification claim can be made and the amount of the claim.
It is not possible to make a reasonable estimate of the maximum potential amount under these indemnification agreements due to the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular agreement. Additionally, we have a limited history of prior indemnification claims and the payments we have made under such agreements have not had a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows or financial position. However, to the extent that valid indemnification claims arise in the future, future payments by us could be significant and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or cash flows in a particular period. As of June 30, 2013, we did not have any material indemnification claims that were probable or reasonably possible.

Note 9. Stock-based Compensation

Summary of stock-based compensation expense

On May 16, 2013, the Stockholders approved an increase of 7,000,000 shares to the 2005 Incentive Plan (as amended) for a total reserve of 23,283,379 shares for issuance, plus up to an aggregate of 5,000,000 shares that would have been returned to our 2001 Stock Incentive Plan as a result of termination of options on or after March 28, 2005.


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Stock-based compensation expense is based on the estimated fair value of awards, net of estimated forfeitures, and recognized over the requisite service period. Estimated forfeitures are based on historical experience at the time of grant and may be revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The stock-based compensation expense related to all of our stock-based awards and employee stock purchases for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 is as follows (in thousands):
 
 
Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
Cost of net revenues
$
637

 
$
457

 
$
1,217

 
$
920

Sales and marketing
2,012

 
1,447

 
3,023

 
2,618

General and administrative
3,556

 
2,493

 
7,483

 
4,922

Research and development
1,060

 
882

 
1,952

 
1,682

Total stock-based compensation expense
$
7,265

 
$
5,279

 
$
13,675

 
$
10,142


Options

Activity for the six month period ended June 30, 2013 under the stock option plans is set forth below (in thousands, except years and per share amounts):
 
 
Stock Options
Number of
Shares
Underlying
Stock Options
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price per Share
 


Weighted Average
Remaining
Contractual Term

 
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
 
 
 
 
 
(in years )
 
 
Outstanding as of December 31, 2012
3,276

 
 
 
 
 
 
Granted
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
Exercised
(1,181
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cancelled or expired
(72
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding as of June 30, 2013
2,023

 
$
15.51

 
3.87
 
$
43,561

Vested and expected to vest at June 30, 2013
2,023

 
$
15.51

 
3.87
 
$
43,561

Exercisable at June 30, 2013
1,731

 
$
14.95

 
3.81
 
$
38,241


There were no stock options granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012.

As of June 30, 2013, the total unamortized compensation cost related to stock options, net of estimated forfeitures, is $2.9 million, which we expect to recognize over a weighted average period of 1.1 years.

Restricted Stock Units (“RSU”)

A summary of the RSU activity for the six months ended June 30, 2013 is as follows (in thousands, except years):
 
 
Number of Shares
Underlying RSUs
 
Weighted Remaining
Vesting Period
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
 
 
 
(in years)
 
 
Nonvested as of December 31, 2012
1,500

 
 
 
 
Granted
956

 
 
 
 
Vested and released
(490
)
 
 
 
 
Forfeited
(83
)
 
 
 
 
Nonvested as of June 30, 2013
1,883

 
1.73
 
$
69,747


As of June 30, 2013, the total unamortized compensation cost related to RSUs, net of estimated forfeitures, was $42.8 million, which we expect to recognize over a weighted average period of 2.9 years.


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On February 20, 2013 and 2012, we granted market-performance based restricted stock units (“MSU”) to our executive officers. Each MSU represents the right to one share of Align’s common stock and will be issued through our amended 2005 Incentive Plan. The actual number of MSUs which will be eligible to vest will be based on the performance of Align’s stock price relative to the performance of the NASDAQ Composite Index over the vesting period, generally two to three years, up to 150% of the MSUs initially granted.

The following table summarizes the MSU activity for the six months ended June 30, 2013 (in thousands, except years):
 
 
Number of Shares
Underlying MSUs
 
Weighted Average
Remaining
Vesting Period
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
 
 
 
(in years )
 
 
Nonvested as of December 31, 2012
266

 
 
 
 
Granted
225

 
 
 
 
Vested and released
(79
)
 
 
 
 
Forfeited
(43
)
 
 
 
 
Nonvested as of June 30, 2013
369

 
2.08
 
$
13,676


As of June 30, 2013, the total unamortized compensation costs related to the MSUs, net of estimated forfeitures, was $7.7 million, which we expect to recognize over a weighted average period of 2.1 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP")

In May 2010, our stockholders approved the 2010 Employee Stock Purchase Plan which will continue until terminated by either the Board of Directors or its administrator. The maximum number of shares available for purchase under the 2010 Purchase Plan is 2,400,000 shares. As of June 30, 2013, there remains 1,738,963 shares available for purchase under the 2010 Purchase Plan.

As of June 30, 2013, the total unamortized compensation cost related to employee purchases we expect to recognize was $2.4 million over a weighted average period of 0.7 year.

Note 10. Common Stock Repurchase Program

On October 27, 2011, we announced that our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program pursuant to which we may repurchase up to $150.0 million of common stock. Purchases under the stock repurchase program may be made from time to time in the open market. During the six months ended June 30, 2013, we repurchased approximately 2.7 million shares of our common stock at an average price of $34.95 per share, including commissions, for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $95.1 million. All repurchased shares were retired. The common stock retirements reduced additional paid-in capital by approximately $24.5 million and increased accumulated deficit by $70.6 million. No shares are available for repurchase as we completed the repurchases under this program as of June 30, 2013.

Note 11. Accounting for Income Taxes

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, our income tax expense was $8.2 million and $11.2 million, representing effective tax rates of 22.0% and (745.9)%, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2012, our income tax expense was $8.1 million and $14.3 million, representing effective tax rates of 22.1% and 22.4%, respectively. The decrease in the tax provision when comparing the six months ended June 30, 2012 to the six months ended June 30, 2013 is primarily due to a jurisdictional shift in forecasted earnings from the U.S. to lower-tax non-U.S. jurisdictions, as well as the tax impact of the impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets which was recorded as a discrete item in the quarter ended March 31, 2013.

Our tax expense of $11.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2013 is comprised primarily of a benefit related to a pre-tax loss for the period offset by income tax expense of $5.8 million related to the impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets. The $5.8 million, which was recorded as a discrete item in the quarter ended March 31, 2013, is comprised of a $9.7 million tax expense due to a non-deductible goodwill impairment charge offset by a $3.9 million tax benefit associated with the impairment of long-lived assets.
    

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On January 2, 2013, the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (H.R. 8, as amended) was signed into law. This Act extends the federal research and development credit through December 31, 2013. The federal research and development credit was reinstated retroactively to January 1, 2012. The tax benefit of the federal research and development credit for the twelve months ended December 31, 2012 resulted in a discrete tax benefit of $0.5 million in the first quarter of fiscal year 2013, the period in which the reinstatement was enacted into law.

We exercise significant judgment in regards to estimates of future market growth, forecasted earnings and projected taxable income, in determining the provision for income taxes, and for purposes of assessing our ability to utilize any future benefit from deferred tax assets.
    
As of June 30, 2013, we maintain a valuation allowance of $30.3 million against deferred tax assets primarily related to foreign net operating loss carryforwards and capital loss carryforwards. These net operating and capital loss carryovers would result in an income tax benefit if we were to conclude it is more likely than not that the related deferred tax assets will be realized.
    
During the three months ended June30, 2013, the amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits increased by approximately $1.9 million due to current period exposures. The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits was $24.0 million as of June 30, 2013, all of which would impact our effective tax rate if recognized.  We have elected to recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income taxes. The change in accrued interest and penalties during the three months ended June 30, 2013 was not material. We do not expect any significant changes to the amount of unrecognized tax benefit within the next twelve months.

We are subject to taxation in the U.S., and various states and foreign jurisdictions. All of our tax years will be open to examination by the U.S. federal and most state tax authorities due to our net operating loss and overall credit carryforward position. With few exceptions, we are no longer subject to examination by foreign tax authorities for years before 2006. Our subsidiaries in Israel and Germany are under audit by the local tax authorities for calendar years 2006 through 2011 and 2007 through 2011, respectively.

Note 12. Net Income (Loss) Per Share

Basic net income (loss) per share is computed using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed using the weighted average number of shares of common stock, adjusted for the dilutive effect of potential common stock. Potential common stock, computed using the treasury stock method, includes stock options, RSUs, MSUs and ESPP.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to common stock (in thousands, except per share amounts):
 
 
Three Months Ended,
June 30,
 
Six Months Ended,
June 30,
 
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
Numerator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
$
29,320

 
$
28,492

 
$
(12,663
)
 
$
49,476

Denominator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic
80,576

 
80,384

 
80,909

 
79,810

Dilutive effect of potential common stock
1,573

 
2,570

 
—

 
2,636

Total shares, diluted
82,149

 
82,954

 
80,909

 
82,446

Net income (loss) per share, basic
$
0.36

 
$
0.35

 
$
(0.16
)
 
$
0.62

Net income (loss) per share, diluted
$
0.36

 
$
0.34

 
$
(0.16
)
 
$
0.60


For the six months ended June 30, 2013, stock options, RSUs, MSUs and ESPP totaling 1.8 million of potentially dilutive shares have been excluded from the total diluted shares because there was a net loss during the period. The anti-dilutive affect from stock options during the three months ended June 30, 2013 were not material.
 
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2012, stock options, RSUs and MSUs totaling 0.1 million for each period were excluded from diluted net income per share because of their anti-dilutive effect.

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Note 13. Segments and Geographical Information

Segment Information

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. Our CODM is our Chief Executive Officer. We report segment information based on the management approach. The management approach designates the internal reporting used by CODM for decision making and performance assessment as the basis for determining our reportable segments. The performance measures of our reportable segments include net revenues and gross profit.

We have grouped our operations into two reportable segments which are also our reporting units: Clear Aligner segment and SCCS segment.

•
Our Clear Aligner segment consists of our Invisalign system which includes Invisalign Full, Express/Lite, Teen, Assist, Vivera retainers, along with our training and ancillary products for treating malocclusion.
•
Our SCCS segment consists of intra-oral scanning systems and additional services available with the intra-oral scanners that provide digital alternatives to the traditional cast models. This segment includes our iTero scanner and OrthoCAD services.
These reportable operating segments are based on how our CODM views and evaluates our operations as well as allocation of resources (in thousands):

 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
Net Revenues
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
Clear Aligner
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      Invisalign Full
$
95,762

 
$
88,617

 
$
181,676

 
$
171,041

      Invisalign Express/Lite
19,158

 
13,632

 
35,241

 
25,438

      Invisalign Teen
19,937

 
16,380

 
38,510

 
31,528

      Invisalign Assist
7,680

 
7,251

 
15,973

 
14,444

      Invisalign non-case revenues
10,766

 
7,789

 
23,475

 
14,546

SCCS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      Scanners
5,027

 
6,032

 
11,652

 
11,393

      CAD/CAM Services
5,498

 
5,925

 
10,881

 
12,315

Total net revenues
$
163,828

 
$
145,626

 
$
317,408

 
$
280,705

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross profit
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    Clear Aligner
$
120,124

 
$
105,617

 
$
229,451

 
$
203,006

    Scanners and CAD/CAM Services
3,567

 
3,183

 
7,089

 
6,554

Total gross profit
$
123,691

 
$
108,800

 
$
236,540

 
$
209,560


Geographical Information

Net revenues and tangible long-lived assets are presented below by geographic area (in thousands):
 

20
Table of Contents

 
For the Three Months Ended June 30,
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
Net revenues: (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S.
$
121,651

 
$
110,838

 
$
241,692

 
$
214,096

the Netherlands
32,363

 
28,715

 
63,458

 
55,080

Other international
9,814

 
6,073

 
12,258

 
11,529

Total net revenues
$
163,828

 
$
145,626

 
$
317,408

 
$
280,705

 
As of June 30,
 
As of December 31,
 
2013
 
2012
Long-lived assets:
 
 
 
U.S.
$
62,644

 
$
60,098

Mexico
6,348

 
6,473

the Netherlands
5,299

 
4,707

Other international
2,641

 
7,913

Total long-lived assets
$
76,932

 
$
79,191

 

(1) 
Net revenues are attributed to countries based on location of where revenue is recognized.



21

ITEM 2.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

In addition to historical information, this quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These statements include, among other things, our expectations regarding the anticipated impact that our new products and product enhancements will have on doctor utilization and our market share, our expectations regarding product mix and product adoption, our expectations regarding the existence and impact of seasonality, our expectations regarding the financial and strategic benefits of the scanner and CAD/CAM services business, our expectations to increase our investment in manufacturing capacity, our expectations regarding the continued expansion of our international markets, the anticipated number of new doctors trained and their impact on volumes, the impact of the termination of our Asia Pacific distributor relationship and reverting to a direct sales model in that region by acquiring the distributor business, the level of our operating expenses and gross margins, and other factors beyond our control, as well as other statements regarding our future operations, financial condition and prospects and business strategies. These statements may contain words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates,” or other words indicating future results. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Item 2 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, and in particular, the risks discussed below in Part II, Item 1A “Risk Factors”. We undertake no obligation to revise or update these forward-looking statements. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Overview
Align Technology, Inc. is a global medical device company that pioneered the invisible orthodontics market with the introduction of the Invisalign system in 1999. Today, we are focused on designing, manufacturing and marketing innovative, technology-rich products to help dental professionals achieve the clinical results they expect and deliver effective, convenient cutting-edge dental treatment options to their patients. Align Technology was founded in March 1997 and is headquartered in San Jose, California with offices worldwide. Our international headquarters are located in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. We have two operating segments: (1) Clear Aligner, known as the Invisalign system; and (2) Scanner and CAD/CAM Services ("SCCS"), known as the iTero intra-oral scanners and OrthoCAD services.
We received Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") clearance in 1998 and began our first commercial sales of Invisalign to U.S. Orthodontists in 1999 followed by U.S General Practitioner Dentists (GPs) in 2002. Over the next decade, we introduced Invisalign to the European market and Japan, added distribution partners in the Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and Europe, Middle East and Africa ("EMEA") regions, and introduced a full range of treatment options including Invisalign Express (10 and 5), Invisalign Teen, Invisalign Assist, Vivera retainers, Invisalign Lite and Invisalign i7. By 2011, we launched Invisalign G3 and Invisalign G4, which include significant new aligner and software features across all Invisalign products that make it easier for doctors to use Invisalign on more complex cases and introduced Invisalign in the People’s Republic of China. Most recently, we launched SmartTrack, the next generation of Invisalign clear aligner material which became the new standard aligner material for Invisalign clear aligner products in North America and Europe beginning January 21, 2013 and for other international markets where we received regulatory approval.

22

In 2011, we acquired Cadent Holdings, Inc., a leading provider of 3D digital scanning solutions for orthodontics and dentistry and makers of the iTero intra-oral scanner and OrthoCAD services. We believe that the combination of Align’s and Cadent’s technologies and capabilities creates greater growth opportunities for Align by bringing innovative new Invisalign treatment tools to customers and by extending the value of intra-oral scanning in dental practices. Intra-oral scanners provide a dental “chair-side” platform for accessing valuable digital diagnosis and treatment tools, with potential for enhancing accuracy of records, treatment efficiency, and the overall patient experience. We believe there are numerous benefits for customers and the opportunity to accelerate the adoption of Invisalign through interoperability with our intra-oral scanners. The use of digital technologies such as CAD/CAM for restorative dentistry or in-office restorations has been growing rapidly and intra-oral scanning is a critical part of enabling these new digital technologies and procedures in dental practices. Since the acquisition, we have launched significant product options and software enhancements to the scanner product line. In late 2012, we commercially launched the Invisalign Outcome Simulator, the first Invisalign chair-side application powered by the iTero scanner. The interactive application provides dentists and orthodontists an enhanced platform for patient education and is designed to increase treatment acceptance by helping patients visualize the benefits possible with Invisalign treatment. The new iTero scanner was available in North America beginning in February 2013 and is now available in select international markets as a single hardware platform with software options for restorative or orthodontic procedures.
The Invisalign system is offered in more than 45 countries and has been used to treat more than 2.0 million patients. Our iTero intra-oral scanner is available in over 25 countries and provides dental professionals with an open choice to send digital impressions to any laboratory-based CAD/CAM system or to any of the more than 1,800 dental labs worldwide.

Our goal is to establish the Invisalign system as the standard method for treating malocclusion and to establish our intra-oral scanning platform as the preferred scanning protocol for 3D digital scans, ultimately driving increased product adoption by dental professionals. We intend to achieve this by focusing on the key strategic initiatives set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

In addition to the successful execution of our business strategy, there are a number of other factors which may affect our results in 2013 and beyond, which are updated below:

•
Product innovation and clinical effectiveness. We recently announced the introduction of SmartTrack, a proprietary, custom engineered aligner material, designed to deliver gentle, more constant force to improve control of tooth movements with Invisalign clear aligner treatment. This will build on the success we have seen with Invisalign G3/G4 and encourage even greater confidence and adoption in our customers’ practices. Although the introduction of SmartTrack will result in higher cost of net revenues and a reduction in gross margins due to higher material costs in our clear aligner segment in 2013, we believe these innovations are important contributors to increase utilization across our channels worldwide. Additionally, we recently introduced the new iTero scanner, which is a single hardware platform with software options for restorative or orthodontic procedures, Invisalign interoperability, as well as the Invisalign Outcome Simulator, our first chair-side application powered by our iTero scanner. We believe that over the long-term these types of product and clinical innovations will increase adoption of Invisalign and increase sales of our intra-oral scanners; however, it is difficult to predict the rate of adoption, which may vary by region and channel.
•
Invisalign Utilization rates. Our goal is to establish Invisalign as the treatment of choice for treating malocclusion ultimately driving increased product adoption and frequency of use by dental professionals, or utilization. Our quarterly utilization rates for the current quarter and for the previous nine quarters are as follows:


23

*Invisalign Utilization rates = # of cases shipped divided by # of doctors cases were shipped to

Total utilization in the second quarter of 2013 increased slightly to 4.4 cases per doctor compared to 4.3 cases in the second quarter of 2012 driven primarily by North American Orthodontists and international doctors. Utilization increased from 7.7 in the second quarter of 2012 to 8.0 cases per doctor among our North American orthodontist customers and from 4.1 in the second quarter of 2012 to 4.3 case per doctor among our international doctors, reflecting continued adoption of our Invisalign products driven by ongoing product improvements and feature launches. Utilization among our North American General Practitioner ("GP") decreased slightly, due in part to the increase in newly trained and lower volume GPs submitting cases in the second quarter of 2013. As doctors increase their utilization, we anticipate higher participation in our volume rebate program which may result in lower average selling prices of our products.

•
Seasonal Trends. In North America, summer is typically the busiest season for orthodontists with practices that have a high percentage of adolescent and teenage patients as many parents want to get their teenagers started in treatment before the start of the school year; however, many GPs are on vacation during this time and therefore tend to start fewer cases.   Internationally, sales of Invisalign treatment are often weaker in the summer months due to our customers and their patients being on holiday. Consequently, we expect that our Invisalign volume will be flat to down in the third quarter of 2013 compared to the second quarter.
•
Number of new Invisalign doctors trained. We continue to expand our Invisalign customer base by training new doctors. In 2012, Invisalign growth was driven primarily by the continued expansion of our customer base as we trained a total of 6,840 new orthodontists and GPs in North America and internationally. We expect to train approximately 7,220 doctors in 2013 and during the first half of 2013, we trained a total of 3,810 doctors worldwide. In the second quarter of 2013, we trained a total of 2,150 new Invisalign doctors, adding 115 North American Orthodontists, 1,015 North American GPs and 1,020 international doctors.

24

•
International Clear Aligner. We will continue to focus our efforts towards increasing adoption of our products by dental professionals in our core European markets as well as expanding into new markets. On a year-over-year basis, international volume increased 21% compared to the second quarter of 2012, reflecting growth in our direct business in Europe despite widespread economic changes. In addition, in the second quarter of 2013, we successfully completed the transition of countries managed by our APAC distributor back to a direct sales model by acquiring the distributor business. Now four of the largest indirect country markets of Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong and Singapore are direct sales regions, and we began to recognize direct sales of Invisalign products sold in that region at our full average selling price ("ASP") rather than at the discounted ASP under the distribution agreement. In 2012, this distributor accounted for approximately 3% of worldwide net revenues, and we expect the region to become an even more meaningful contributor to revenue growth in 2013. In the near term, however, the assumption of the direct operating costs will offset the uplift to ASPs. Although we expect volumes and revenues will increase, we may experience difficulties in achieving the anticipated financial benefits. The remaining eight indirect country markets in Brunei, Indonesia, Macau, Malaysia, Philippines, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam as well as the EMEA and Latin America regions will continue under a distribution model.
•
Increased Sales Force Coverage. Our direct sales organization in North America is comprised of a team of territory managers, and to a lesser extent, territory specialists. These territory specialists are used to enhance coverage in larger territories, especially with our lower volume GP customers. Due to the success of this sales coverage model, we expect to add approximately 20 sales representatives in 2013, predominantly in North America. In addition, with the transition of our Asia-Pacific distributor to a direct sales model in May 2013 as a result of acquiring the distributor business, we acquired approximately 15 additional sales representatives in that region.
•
Change to Mid-Course Correction Policy. We seek to continually evaluate and improve our products, our customer support processes and policies to support those goals. Mid-course correction provides our customers with the option of requesting a treatment correction during active treatment if the case is not tracking to the original treatment plan or goals. Based on customer feedback, beginning June 15, 2013, we no longer charge a fee associated with our mid-course correction orders. We now include up to three free mid-course correction orders per case in our list prices for Invisalign Full and Invisalign Teen. As a result of this change, Invisalign Clear Aligner net revenues for the second quarter of 2013 were decreased by $1.2 million, which reflects the revenue deferred to provide free mid-course corrections for cases shipped between April 1 through June 15, 2013 that are now eligible for the new mid-course correction policy. Based on an historical usage rate, we will defer approximately $10 per case, which will be recognized when mid-course corrections orders are shipped. In addition, because we will no longer charge customers for mid-course correction orders, we anticipate lower quarterly net revenues of approximately $700,000.
•
SCCS business. In October 2012, we reached a mutual agreement to terminate the exclusive distribution arrangement with Straumann for iTero intra-oral scanners in Europe, as well as the non-exclusive distribution agreement for iTero intra-oral scanners in North America effective December 31, 2012. The global market for restorative dentistry is far more fragmented and complex than for orthodontics, involving hundreds of thousands of labs, suppliers, general dentists and specialists. In Europe, adoption of digital restorative technology has been slowed due to challenging economic conditions and reluctance to invest in capital equipment. In view of these conditions, we expect to have very few scanner sales internationally in the near term as we determine the most effective way to re-stage growth in this market. Our direct sales model remains unchanged in North America where most of the SCCS net revenues are generated. In North America, we expect revenue in the SCCS segment to be down sequentially in the third quarter of 2013 compared to the second quarter as a result of lower ASP due to the introduction of a lower sales price for our iTero intro-oral scanner and increased competition.

25

•
Increase in Invisalign Selling Price. In recent years, we have significantly increased investment in research and development resulting in product innovations, such as Invisalign G3, Invisalign G4 and SmartTrack clear aligner material. We have also continued to increase our consumer advertising spending to drive more patient demand. In addition, beginning January 1, 2013, the U.S. Federal Government imposed a new excise tax on medical device manufacturers enacted into law as part of the comprehensive healthcare reform legislation in March 2010, which Invisalign clear aligners are considered a taxable medical device. As a result of this new tax and our continued investments in research and development and consumer advertising, effective January 1, 2013, we increased our Invisalign pricing by adding $26.00 to $50.00 per case compared to 2012 prices. For 2013, we expect that the impact on our ASP from this price increase will be offset somewhat by an expected increase in our rebate program due to the anticipated increase in utilization by our customers, increased volume from our lower price products, including Invisalign Express 5 and Invisalign i7, as well as slightly higher material costs for the SmartTrack clear aligner material. The prices for Invisalign Teen, Invisalign retainers and Vivera retainers will remain unchanged.
•
2013 Operating expenses. We expect operating expenses to increase in 2013 compared to 2012 due to the increase in our North American sales force coverage, the addition of the direct sales force in Asia-Pacific due to acquiring the distributor business and the inclusion of the medical device excise tax as a result of new tax regulations effective January 1, 2013.
•
Foreign exchange rates. Although the U.S. dollar is our reporting currency, a portion of our net revenues and income are generated in foreign currencies. Net revenues and income generated by subsidiaries operating outside of the U.S. are translated into U.S. dollars using exchange rates effective during the respective period and as a result are affected by changes in exchange rates. We have generally accepted the exposure to exchange rate movements without using derivative financial instruments to manage this risk. Therefore, both positive and negative movements in currency exchange rates against the U.S. dollar will continue to affect the reported amount of net revenues and income in our condensed consolidated financial statements.
•
Launch of Realine. In the second quarter of 2013, we announced the introduction of Realine™, an entry level, five-stage clear aligner product designed for very minor crowding and spacing issues that GP dentists see in their practices every day, including dental relapse. Realine offers non-Invisalign GP dentists a competitively-priced, easy to use product for patients with very limited treatment goals, especially adults whose teeth have shifted or "relapsed" after adolescent orthodontic treatment. Realine was available in the U.S. in mid-June 2013 exclusively through Henry Schein Dental. We do not expect Realine to have a material impact on our 2013 financial results.
Results of Operations

Net revenues by Reportable Segment

We group our operations into two reportable segments: Clear Aligner segment and SCCS segment.

•
Our Clear Aligner segment consists of our Invisalign system which includes Invisalign Full, Express/Lite, Teen, Assist, Vivera retainers, along with our training and ancillary products for treating malocclusion.

•
Our SCCS segment consists of intra-oral scanning systems and additional services available with the intra-oral scanners that provide digital alternatives to the traditional cast models. This segment includes our iTero scanners, iOC scanners, and OrthoCAD services.

26
Table of Contents


The below represents net revenues for our Clear Aligner segment by region, channel, and product and our SCCS segment by region and product for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 as follows (in millions):

 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
Clear Aligner:
2013
 
2012
 
Net
Change
 
%
Change
 
2013
 
2012
 
Net
Change
 
%
Change
Region and Channel
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
North America
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ortho
$
50.5

 
$
43.9

 
$
6.6

 
15.0
 %
 
$
99.4

 
$
85.6

 
$
13.8

 
16.1
 %
GP
51.7

 
49.1

 
2.6

 
5.3
 %
 
99.9

 
94.2

 
5.7

 
6.1
 %
Total North America
102.2

 
93.0

 
9.2

 
9.9
 %
 
199.3

 
179.8

 
19.5

 
10.8
 %
International
40.3

 
32.9

 
7.4

 
22.5
 %
 
72.1

 
62.6

 
9.5

 
15.2
 %
Invisalign non-case net revenues
10.8

 
7.8

 
3.0

 
38.5
 %
 
23.5

 
14.6

 
8.9

 
61.0
 %
Total Clear Aligner net revenues
$
153.3

 
$
133.7

 
$
19.6

 
14.7
 %
 
$
294.9

 
$
257.0

 
$
37.9

 
14.7
 %
Product
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Invisalign Full
$
95.8

 
$
88.6

 
$
7.2

 
8.1
 %
 
$
181.7

 
$
171.0

 
$
10.7

 
6.3
 %
Invisalign Express/Lite
19.2

 
13.6

 
5.6

 
41.2
 %
 
35.3

 
25.4

 
9.9

 
39.0
 %
Invisalign Teen
19.9

 
16.4

 
3.5

 
21.3
 %
 
38.5

 
31.5

 
7.0

 
22.2
 %
Invisalign Assist
7.6

 
7.3

 
0.3

 
4.1
 %
 
15.9

 
14.5

 
1.4

 
9.7
 %
Invisalign non-case net revenues
10.8

 
7.8

 
3.0

 
38.5
 %
 
23.5

 
14.6

 
8.9

 
61.0
 %
Total Clear Aligner net revenues
$
153.3

 
$
133.7

 
$
19.6

 
14.7
 %
 
$
294.9

 
$
257.0

 
$
37.9

 
14.7
 %
SCCS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Region
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
North America
$
10.4

 
$
11.7

 
$
(1.3
)
 
(11.1
)%
 
$
22.3

 
$
22.9

 
$
(0.6
)
 
(2.6
)%
International
0.1

 
0.2

 
(0.1
)
 
(50.0
)%
 
0.2

 
0.8

 
(0.6
)
 
(75.0
)%
Total SCCS net revenues
$
10.5

 
$
11.9

 
$
(1.4
)
 
(11.8
)%
 
$
22.5

 
$
23.7

 
$
(1.2
)
 
(5.1
)%
Product
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Scanners
$
5.0

 
$
6.0

 
$
(1.0
)
 
(16.7
)%
 
$
11.6

 
$
11.4

 
$
0.2

 
1.8
 %
CAD/CAM Services
5.5

 
5.9

 
(0.4
)
 
(6.8
)%
 
10.9

 
12.3

 
(1.4
)
 
(11.4
)%
Total SCCS net revenues
$
10.5

 
$
11.9

 
$
(1.4
)
 
(11.8
)%
 
$
22.5

 
$
23.7

 
$
(1.2
)
 
(5.1
)%
Total net revenues
$
163.8

 
$
145.6

 
$
18.2

 
12.5
 %
 
$
317.4

 
$
280.7

 
$
36.7

 
13.1
 %

Total net revenues increased by $18.2 million and $36.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, respectively, as compared to the same period in 2012 primarily as a result of Invisalign case volume growth across all regions and most products as well as increased Invisalign non-case revenue.


27
Table of Contents

Clear Aligner Case Volume by Channel and Product

Case volume data which represents Invisalign case shipments by channel and product, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 is as follows (in thousands):
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
Region and Channel
2013
 
2012
 
Net
Change
 
%
Change
 
2013
 
2012
 
Net
Change
 
%
Change
North America:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ortho
39.5

 
35.4

 
4.1

 
11.6
 %
 
77.5

 
67.7

 
9.8

 
14.5
 %
GP
39.3

 
37.3

 
2.0

 
5.4
 %
 
76.0

 
70.3

 
5.7

 
8.1
 %
Total North American Invisalign
78.8

 
72.7

 
6.1

 
8.4
 %
 
153.5

 
138.0

 
15.5

 
11.2
 %
International Invisalign
27.3

 
22.6

 
4.7

 
20.8
 %
 
50.8

 
42.6

 
8.2

 
19.2
 %
Total Invisalign case volume
106.1

 
95.3

 
10.8

 
11.3
 %
 
204.3

 
180.6

 
23.7

 
13.1
 %
Product
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Invisalign Full
65.5

 
62.5

 
3.0

 
4.8
 %
 
126.8

 
119.7

 
7.1

 
5.9
 %
Invisalign Express/Lite
21.3

 
15.3

 
6.0

 
39.2
 %
 
40.2

 
28.2

 
12.0

 
42.6
 %
Invisalign Teen
13.9

 
11.9

 
2.0

 
16.8
 %
 
26.5

 
21.8

 
4.7

 
21.6
 %
Invisalign Assist
5.4

 
5.6

 
(0.2
)
 
(3.6
)%
 
10.8

 
10.9

 
(0.1
)
 
(0.9
)%
Total Invisalign case volume
106.1

 
95.3

 
10.8

 
11.3
 %
 
204.3

 
180.6

 
23.7

 
13.1
 %

Clear Aligner

In the three months ended June 30, 2013, Clear Aligner North America net revenues increased by 9.9% compared to the same period in 2012 primarily due to Invisalign case volume growth of approximately $7.9 million across all channels and most products. Additionally, in the second quarter of 2013, higher ASP contributed $1.3 million to the increase in net revenues as a result of lower volume rebates during the period along with the impact from our price increases effective January 2013.

In the six months ended June 30, 2013, Clear Aligner North America net revenues increased by 10.8% compared to the same period in 2012 mainly due to Invisalign case volume growth of $20.4 million and, to a lesser extent, price increases which were effective January 2013. This revenue growth was partly offset by a decrease in net revenues due to a product mix shift towards lower priced Invisalign Express products which lowered the ASP.”

In the three months ended June 30, 2013, Clear Aligner international net revenues increased by 22.5% compared to the same period in 2012 primarily driven by Invisalign case volume growth of $6.8 million along with higher ASP mainly due to the impact from acquiring our distributor in the APAC region on April 30, 2013. We began to recognize direct sales of Invisalign products sold in that region at our full ASP rather than the discounted ASP under the distributor agreement.

In the six months ended June 30, 2013, Clear Aligner international net revenues increased 15.2% compared to the same period in 2012 primarily driven by Invisalign case volume growth of $12.0 million partially offset by lower ASP due to increased discounting and a product mix shift towards lower priced Invisalign Lite products.

Invisalign non-case net revenues, consisting of training fees and ancillary product revenues, increased 38.5% and 61.0% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2012, primarily due to the consolidation of our Vivera product shipments in North America from four shipments per year to one shipment along with increased Vivera volume both in North America and international.

SCCS

SCCS net revenues decreased 11.8% for the three month period ending June 30, 2013 mostly due to a decrease in the number of scanners recognized during the quarter compared to the same period in 2012. SCCS net revenues decreased 5.1% for the six month period ending June 30, 2013 compared to the same period in 2012 primarily due to the decrease in CAD/CAM services net revenues partially as a result of the discontinuation of the OrthoCAD iQ services during the fourth quarter of 2012, partially offset by a $1.4 million release of revenue which was previously reserved for the new iTero upgrade program which was completed in the first quarter of 2013.


28
Table of Contents

Cost of net revenues and gross profit (in millions):
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2013
 
2012
 
Change
 
2013
 
2012
 
Change
Clear Aligner
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of net revenues
$
33.2

 
$
28.0

 
$
5.2

 
$
65.4

 
$
54.0

 
$
11.4

% of net segment revenues
21.6
%
 
21.0
%
 
 
 
22.2
%
 
21.0
%
 
 
Gross profit
$
120.1

 
$
105.6

 
$
14.5

 
$
229.5

 
$
203.0

 
$
26.5

Gross margin %
78.4
%
 
79.0
%
 
 
 
77.8
%
 
79.0
%
 
 
SCCS